|
 


 
|


!










 


 

 
Musbri Mohamed
DIL; ADIL ( ITM )
MBL ( UKM )


‰


 

 
 
 

  
  (abbreviated as i
i) or green

technology (abbreviated as ii i) or clean technology
(abbreviated as  i
i) is the application of the environmental
science to conserve the natural environment and resources, and to
curb the negative impacts of human involvement. Sustainable
development is the core of i
 i 
i  i .


 

 
 

Î reen is the way to go, so since we're in the age of technology, why
not go green?
Î In order to go with green technology , you need to fully understand
what green technology is.
Î Basically, green technology is that in which the technology is
environmentally friendly and is created and used in a way that
conserves natural resources and the environment.
Î You may hear green technology being referred to as environmental
technology and clean technology.
Î reen technology is a field of new, innovative ways to make changes
in daily life. Currently, this Clean Technology is in the beginning
stages of its development, so the future will only bring bigger and
better things for this field.



 
 
 

Î reen technology is the future of this society. It's

main goal is to find ways to produce technology in
ways that do not damage or deplete the Earth's natural
resources.
Î In addition to not depleting natural resources, green
technology is meant as an alternative source of
technology that reduces fosile fuels and demonstrates
less damage to human, animal, and plant health, as
well as damage to the world, in general.
Î Next, green technology is so that products can be re-
used and recycled.
Î The use of green technology (clean technology) is
supposed to reduce the amount of waste and pollution
that is created during production and consumption.



Î     
 

 !

Imagine curling up on the couch with the morning paper and then using
the same sheet of paper to read the latest novel by your favorite author.
That's one possibility of electronic paper, a flexible display that looks very
much like real paper but can be reused over and over. The display contains
many tiny microcapsules filled with particles that carry electric charges
bonded to a steel foil. Each microcapsule has white and black particles
that are associated with either a positive or negative charge. Depending on
which charge is applied; the black or white particles surface displaying
different patterns. In the United States alone, more than 55 million
newspapers are sold each weekday.

6
Î ÿ ÿ"

Î Carbon dioxide is the most prominent green house gas contributing

to global warming. According to the Energy Information
Administration, by the year 2030 we will be emitting close to 8,000
million metric tons of CO2. Some experts say it's impossible to
curb the emission of CO2 into the atmosphere and that we just have
to find ways to dispose of the gas. One suggested method is to
inject it into the ground before it gets a chance to reach the
atmosphere. After the CO2 is separated from other emission gases,
it can be buried in abandoned oil wells, saline reservoirs, and rocks.
While this sounds great, scientists are not sure whether the injected
gas will stay underground and what the long-term effects are, and
the costs of separation and burying are still far too high to consider
this technology as a practical short-term solution.

Î    "
!# $ $

Î Bioremediation uses microbes and plants to clean

up contamination. Examples include the cleanup
of nitrates in contaminated water with the help of
microbes, and using plants to uptake arsenic from
contaminated soil, in a process known as phytore
mediation. The U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency has used it to clean up several sites.
Often, native plant species can be used for site
cleanup, which are advantageous because in most
cases they don't require pesticides or watering. In
other cases scientists are trying to genetically
modify the plants to take up contaminants in their
roots and transport it all the way to the leaves for
easy harvesting .

w
Î   

Î It's a wonder that this concept attributed to the Hanging ardens of

Babylon, one of Seven Wonders of the World, didn't catch on sooner
in the modern world. Legend has it that the roofs, balconies, and
terraces of the royal palace of Babylon were turned into gardens by
the king's order to cheer up one of his wives. Roof gardens help
absorb heat, reduce the carbon dioxide impact by taking up Co2 and
giving off oxygen, absorb storm water, and reduce summer air
conditioning usage. Ultimately, the technique could lessen the ³heat
island" effect that occurs in urban centers. Butterflies and songbirds
could also start frequenting urban garden roofs, and like the king's
wife, could even cheer up the inhabitants of the building. Here, a
green roof is tested at Penn State.


Î ¦ % ""

Î The oceans cover more than 70 percent of the Earth's surface.

Waves contain an abundance of energy that could be directed to
turbines, which can then turn this mechanical power into electrical. The
obstacle to using this energy source has been the difficulty in harnessing
it . Sometimes the waves are too small to generate sufficient power. The
trick is to be able to store the energy when enough mechanical power is
generated. New York City's East River is now in the process of
becoming the test bed for six tide-powered turbines, and Portugal's
reliance on waves in a new project is expected to produce enough power
for more than 1,500 homes. Here, a buoy system capable of capturing
the oceans power in the form of offshore swells is illustrated by
researchers at Oregon State University.


Î 
  # 

Î The biggest solar collector on Earth is our ocean

mass. According to the U.S. Department of
Energy, the oceans absorb enough heat from the
sun to equal the thermal energy contained in 250
billion barrels of oil each day. The
U.S. consumes about 7.5 billion barrels a year.
OTEC technologies convert the thermal energy
contained in the oceans and turn it into
electricity by using the temperature difference
between the water's surface, which is heated,
and the cold of the ocean's bottom. This
difference in temperature can operate turbines
that can drive generators . The major
shortcoming of this technology is that it's still
not efficient enough to be used as a major
mechanism for generating power.


 
Î  &|"

Î The sun's energy, which hits Earth in the form of photons, can be
converted into electricity or heat. Solar collectors come in many
different forms and are already used successfully by energy companies
and individual homeowners. The two widely known types of solar
collectors are solar cells and solar thermal collectors. But researchers
are pushing the limits to more efficiently convert this energy by
concentrating solar power by using mirrors and parabolic dishes. Part of
the challenge for employing solar power involves motivation and
incentives from governments. In January, the state of California
approved a comprehensive program that provides incentives toward
solar development. Arizona, on the other hand, has ample sunshine but
has not made solar energy a priority. In fact in some planned
communities it is downright discouraged by strict rules of aesthetics [


Î ¦ &

Î Hydrogen fuel cell usage has been touted as a pollution-free alternative

to using fossil fuels. They make water by combining hydrogen and
oxygen. In the process, they generate electricity. The problem with fuel
cells is obtaining the hydrogen. Molecules such as water and alcohol
have to be processed to extract hydrogen to feed into a fuel cell. Some of
these processes require the using other energy sources, which then
defeat the advantages of this "clean" fuel. Most recently, scientists have
come up with ways to power laptops and small devices with fuel cells,
and some car companies are promising that soon we'll be seeing cars
that emit nothing but clean water. The promise of a ³ hydrogen
economy ," however, is not one that all experts agree will ever be
realized.


Î 

Î According to the United Nations, water supply shortages will affect

billions of people by the middle of this century. Desalination,
basically removing the salt and minerals out of seawater, is one way
to provide potable water in parts of the world where supplies are
limited. The problem with this technology is that it is expensive and
uses a lot of energy. Scientists are working toward better processes
where inexpensive fuels can heat and evaporate the water before
running it through membranes with microscopic pores to increase
efficiency.


Î  ' !   

Î Any carbon-based waste, from turkey guts to used tires,

can, by adding sufficient heat and pressure, be turned into
oil through a process called thermo-depolymerization,
This is very similar to how nature produces oil , but with
this technology, the process is expedited by millions of
years to achieve the same byproduct. Proponents of this
technology claim that a ton of turkey waste can cough up
about 600 pounds of petroleum.

6
Malaysia reen Technology Corporation (reenTech Malaysia) (previously
known as Pusat Tenaga Malaysia) was registered on 12th May 1998 as a
not-for-profit company. During its formative infancy, reenTech Malaysia
will be administered by the Ministry of Energy, reen Technology and
Water (METW), Malaysia. reenTech Malaysia is also governed by a
Board of Directors (BOD) which sets its policy directions.
The rationale behind reenTech Malaysia establishment is to fulfill the
need for a national energy research centre that will co-ordinate various
activities, specifically energy planning and research, energy efficiency, and
technological research, development and demonstration (R,D&D)
undertaken in the energy sector due to the long lead time for energy projects
to come on stream.


Î In fact, reenTech Malaysia will
eventually become a one-stop focal
point for linkages with the
universities, research institutions,
industries and other various national
and international organizations on
energy matters.

w
Î x (  "#x 

Î x
To be recognized nationally and known globally as
the focal point for reen Technology of Malaysia.
Î

To facilitate the realization of the National reen
Technology agenda through value adding
promotion, co-ordination and collaboration
programmes.
Î
#x 
Integrity, Innovation, Synergy and Professional



Î lobal environmental issues, such as climate change and
deforestation, have emerged as new challenges to people
throughtout the world. Many countries with aims to
become a low-carbon society through green growth
achieved via green technologies and green industries
which enhance eco-efficiency while minimizing adverse
environmental impacts.
reen Technology is the development and application of
products, equipment and systems used to conserve the
natural environment and resources, which minimize and
reduces the negative impact of human activities.


 
Î Criteria of reen Tech products, equipments or systems:

It minimizes the degradation of the environment;

It has zero or low green house gas (H) emission;
It is safe for use and promotes healthy and improved
environment for all forms of life;
It conserves the use of energy and natural resources; and
It promotes the use of renewable resources.


   
    
  [


TFS (reen Technology Financing Scheme)

Î In the budget speech for 2010, Dato¶ Seri Najib Tun

Abdul Razak, the Prime Minister of Malaysia
announced the establishment of reen Technology
Financing Scheme amounting to RM1.5 billion as an
effort to improve the supply and utilization of reen
Technology. The scheme could benefit companies
who are producers and users of green technology.


Î  
 
  


Î !)
*

To reduce the energy usage rate at the same time increase economic growth
Facilitate the growth of the T industry and enhance its contribution to the
national economy
Increase national capability and capacity for innovation in T development
and enhance Malaysia competitiveness in T in the global arena
Ensure sustainability development and conserve the environment for future
generation and;
Enhance public education and awareness in T and encourage its
widespread use

6
! "#!"$   
 %   [


Î 
 

reen Technology shall be a driver to accelerate the national economy

and promote sustainable development.

Î     

 
  
*

Energy:
Seek to attain energy independence and promote efficient utilization;
Environment:
Conserve and minimize the impact on the environment;
Economy:
Enhance the national economic development through the use of
technology; and
Social:
Improve the quality of life for all.

w
 
Î May the technology of today and tomorrow always
remember we are not alone on this planet and we are
responsible for not only saving our planet, but making
future generations realize just how beautiful our Earth
is«.o plant Tree

 
 
Î Will 2011 bring us lasting world peace and significant
progress in managing the global environment to combat
climate change?
Î It seemed that we ended 2010 with a rather somber note as
far as climatic changes are concerned.
Î Freezing temperatures, torrential rains and unusual floods
seemed to be the norms in many regions around the globe as
2010 ended and seemed unabated until now.
Î How long will these natural disasters continue to play out?

  
Î We should not be complacent that such extreme
climatic conditions will not affect the rest of the
country.
Î Let us play our part in averting climatic
disasters in Malaysia and elsewhere by
supporting low carbon or green practises in the
way we live and work.
Î It will be significant if every Malaysian thinks
and acts with the same objective in mind.

 
 
Î The just concluded UN Climate Change Conference in Cancun,
Mexico dubbed the Cancun Agreements was approved despite
objections from Bolivia.

Î Although the new agreement did not include a commitment to

extend the Kyoto Protocol which obliged almost 40 developed
nations to cut emissions after it expires in 2012, still it was
encouraging to note that more than 190 countries have agreed to
seek deep cuts in carbon emissions blamed for global warming.

Î The agreement set a target of limiting a rise in average world

temperatures to below 2 degrees Celsius (3.6F) over pre-industrial
times.

Î Although there was no repeat of the acrimonious failure seen at

the Copenhagen summit last year, there¶s still a long and
challenging journey ahead of us to combat climate change.

 
 6
Î The green economy has become a major theme of
the Rio Plus 20 conference to be held next year in
Brazil to commemorate the 20th anniversary of
the historic UN conference on the environment
and development, better known as the Rio
Summit, held in 1992.

Î At first glance, the green economy appears to be a

simple idea whose time has come. Surely we all
want to conserve natural resources and minimize
pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. What
better way than to turn the economy green?

 
Î A green economy gives the impression of an economy that is
environmentally-friendly, sensitive to the need to conserve natural
resources, gives off minimal pollution and emissions during the
production process, and promotes environmentally-friendly lifestyles
and consumption patterns.
Î The difficult questions are whether the attainment of such an economy
constrains other aspects, including economic growth of poor countries
and social goals such as poverty eradication and job creation.
Î How do we identify and deal with the trade-offs? What is the role of the
state, and what is the appropriate way to address the market and private
sector? How can we build an economy that is more environmentally-
friendly, and how should we handle the transition to a greener economy?

 w
Î The Rio Summit had partially answered these questions by
providing a basic framework ± that the environment must be
integrated within development, and not be taken separately.
Thus the need to protect the environment should not be at
the expense of the developing countries¶ right to
development.

Î From this sprang the concept of sustainable development,

with its three pillars of environmental protection, economic
development and social development.




 

Trees provide numerous aesthetic and economic benefits but also
incur some costs. You need to be aware that an investment is required
for your trees to provide the benefits that you desire. The biggest cost
of trees and shrubs occurs when they are purchased and planted.
Initial care almost always includes some watering. Leaf, branch, and
whole tree removal and disposal can be expensive.
To function well in the landscape, trees require maintenance. Much
can be done by the informed home owner. Corrective pruning and
mulching gives trees a good start. Shade trees, however, quickly
grow to a size that may require the services of a professional arborist.
Arborists have the knowledge and equipment needed to prune, spray,
fertilize, and otherwise maintain a large tree. Your garden center
owner, university extension agent, community forester, or consulting
arborist can answer questions about tree maintenance, suggest
treatments, or recommend qualified arborists.


In principle, tree planting can be an environmentally
and socially beneficial activity. However, a large
number of negative environmental and social impacts
has been associated with a commonly applied model
of tree planting: large-scale tree plantations of often
exotic fast-growing mono-cultures. These tree
plantations can be very detrimental to local
communities, destroying both their lands and their
livelihoods.


Î A number of initiatives have been undertaken by groups and
companies like Shell Inc., WWF and the World Business Council for
Sustainable Development, to develop a set of basic principles
concerning tree plantations and Indigenous Peoples. The following
principles were adopted by Shell Inc. and WWF:
Î There should be a recognition of the informal rights of Indigenous
Peoples;
Î The land tenure of Indigenous Peoples should be secured;
Î Indigenous Peoples should give prior informed consent to tree
plantation development on their lands;
Î There should be no evictions of Indigenous Peoples;
Î The Indigenous peoples should have the final say in the selection of
species on their lands;
Î The preferred option is to use multiple species instead of monocultures.

6
Î ÿ   ÿ  "


To make up for the loss of trees over the past decade, 130
million hectares (or 1.3 million square kilometers), an
area as large as Peru, would have to be reforested.
Accomplishing that would mean planting about 14 billion
trees every year for 10 years in a row, the equivalent of
every person on Earth planting and caring for at least two
seedlings annually.


Î   !!#! +,"(! ÿ

While all living plant matter absorbs CO2 as part of

photosynthesis, trees process significantly more than
smaller plants due to their large size and extensive root
structures. In essence, trees, as kings of the plant world,
have much more ³woody biomass´ to store CO2 than
smaller plants, and as a result are considered nature¶s
most efficient ³carbon sinks.´

w
Î Reforestation needs have been increasing in spite of declining
timber harvests because of the growing acreage of lands affected by
natural disturbances such as wildland fires, insect infestation, and
diseases.

Î In the past, reforestation needs resulted primarily from timber

harvests, whose sales produced sufficient revenue to fund most
reforestation needs. Now needs are resulting mainly from natural
causes, and funding sources for such needs have remained relatively
constant rather than rising in step with increasing needs. For timber
stand improvement, the acreage needing attention is growing in part
because high-density planting practices, used in the past to replace
harvested trees, are creating needs for thinning treatments today and
because treatments have not kept pace with the growing needs.


Î   !   

Î 'The stewardship and use of forests and forest land in a

way and at a rate, that maintains their biodiversity,
productivity, regeneration capacity, vitality and their
potential to fulfil now and in the future, relevant
ecological, economic and social functions, at local,
national and global levels and does not cause damage to
other ecosystems.'
Î º   i
 ii i  ii i   
i



Î Ñ
 

 





 
  















 





 
 








  

  

  
  




  


   
 



 
   



Î 







 





  








 

!
"


  
 





#

 
"
 








 $

%
 

 




Î  
&Ñ


$

%
 
 








 

 




 "


 

$

%
 



 "



" 




"


 "


 
""

"'







 
  





 



Ñ
'

 "
 

 




$

(









 





 "


"

 "








 


 "


 
Î The rainforest biome consists of three
main layers.

The "undercarpet," which is home to a

variety of blanched fungus and a host
of bacteria--both of which need little
sunlight and help dead plants and
animals decompose; the "carpet,"
which consists mostly tightly woven
tangles of of sawpalm, lichen-moss,
and cat's-foot; and the "umbrella,"
which is the tree-top home of 95
percent of rainforest animal life.


Î FROM the beautiful beaches of Cherating to the tropical
allure of Tioman Island, from its eastern flank with the
splendid South China Sea coastline to its mountainous
forest interior, Pahang is famous among locals and
foreigners for its natural habitat as well as exotic flora and
fauna.

Î It is the largest state in Peninsular Malaysia, covering an

area of 35,965sq km, and comprises 11 districts namely,
Paya Besar, Pekan, Jerantut, Lipis, Raub, Maran,
Mentakab, Bentong, Temerloh and Rompin. Tropical
rainforests dominate the state, which is also the site of
Malaysia's largest national forest park ± Taman Negara.


Î Tropical rainforests dominate the state, which is also the
site of Malaysia's largest national forest park ±
Taman Negara.


6
Î Life in the umbrella is quiet by day,
but at night, the tree-top habitat
explodes with activity: Howler
monkeys screech, Spotted Tariots
swing from branch to branch using
their prehensile tongues to grasp the
foliage, and Black Panthers lie in wait
to snatch unsuspecting prey by the
throat. The umbrella is also home to
millions of beetle species--some
larger than a football.


Î We like trees around us because they make life more pleasant. Most
of us respond to the presence of trees beyond simply observing their
beauty. We feel serene, peaceful, restful, and tranquil in a grove of
trees. We are ³at home´ there. Hospital patients have been shown to
recover from surgery more quickly when their hospital room offered a
view of trees. The strong ties between people and trees are most
evident in the resistance of community residents to removing trees to
widen streets. Or we note the heroic efforts of individuals and
organizations to save particularly large or historic trees in a
community.

Î The stature, strength, and endurance of trees give them a cathedral-

like quality. Because of their potential for long life, trees frequently
are planted as living memorials. We often become personally attached
to trees that we or those we love have planted.

w
"A society grows great when old men plant trees whose shade they
know they shall never sit in." 