iPhone Development,

a Tutorial.
Jonathan Mohlenhoff

EEL6788 – Advanced Topics in Computer Networks 1

Topics Covered
 History
 Hardware
 Software

◦ iOS
◦ Model View Controller Design
◦ Objective-C
 Requirements for Development
◦ Mac OS X
◦ iOS SDK
◦ iPhone
 App Examples
◦ Hello, World!
◦ Sensor Interfaces
 References

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History
 iPhone was unveiled January 9, 2007 – 4
years ago
 After 30 months of development and $150

Million, Apple reinvented the

PDA/smartphone
 Exlusive to AT&T network, now being

introduced to Verizon network, expanding

user base

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Sale Volume
In millions

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IPhone 4
Worldwide Availability

Available in over 104 countries

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Why iPhone for Urban Sensing
 Powerful handheld computing device
 Fully networked connectivity
 A multitude of built in sensors
 Worldwide proliferation
 Popularity
 Development support and environment

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Hardware of iPhone 4
Type Spec
Supported OS iOS 4.3
Display 3.5in IPS LCD, 960x640
Storage 16 and 32GB Flash
Processor ARM Cortex-A8 Apple A4 / 1 Core,
1GHz
Graphics PowerVR SGX535 GPU
Memory 512 MB DRAM
Connectivity 2.4GHz, 802.11n WiFi
Penta-band UMTS/HSDPA (800,
850, 900, 1900, 2100 MHz)
5.76 Mbit/s HSUPA
CDMA Dual Band Model (800,
1900MHz, Bluetooth, USB2.0/Dock
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Sensors
Sensor
Rear Camera 5.0MP, 720p@30fps
with flash
Front Camera 0.3MP (VGA),
480p@30fps
Stereo Mic
3-axis Gyroscope
Digital Compass
3-axis Accelerometer
Proximity Sensor
Ambient Light Sensor
Multi-Touch Capacitive Display
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Software
 Success for hardware has largely been with
the success of superior development tools
 Runs Apple’s iOS Operating System
 Applications are developed with iOS SDK in

Objective-C
 Interfaces for sensors
 UI Elements library
 Model-View-Controller

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iOS Overview
 Acts as an intermediary between the underlying
hardware and the applications
 Applications communicate with the hardware

through a set of well-defined system interfaces

 Manages memory, cpu, power, hardware devices

 Multitasking/threading
 Interfaces to network connectivity
 User input
 File System

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iOS Layers
 Cocoa Touch Layer
◦ High-level application behavior
 Media Layer
◦ Handles the presentation of
visual and audible content
 Core Services Layer
◦ Hardware-specific and system-
specific tasks
 Core OS Layer
◦ Low-level building blocks for
applications

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Cocoa Touch Layer
High Level Features
 Multitasking (iOS 4.0 and later)
◦ Request a time to complete task
◦ Support specific services that require regular
background execution time
◦ Use local notifications to generate user alerts
 Data Protection
◦ Allows applications that work with sensitive user
data to take advantage of the built-in encryption
available on some devices
 Gesture Recognizers
 See iOS Reference Library for more information

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Cocoa Touch Layer
Frameworks
 Map Kit Framework
◦ Provides a scrollable map interface
◦ Provide directions or highlight points of interest
◦ Annotate map with images/content
 UIKit Framework
◦ Infrastructure for implementing graphical, event-
driven application
◦ Interface to:
 Accelerometer data
 Built-in camera
 Battery state
 Proximity sensor

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Media Layer
 Graphics Technologies
◦ Core Graphics: native 2D vector and image-based rendering
◦ Core Animation: support for animating views and other
content
◦ OpenGL ES: 2D and 3D rendering
◦ Image I/O: reading and writing most image formats
 Audio Technologies
◦ Play high-quality audio
◦ Record high-quality audio
◦ Trigger the vibration
◦ OpenAL Framework: cross-platform standard
◦ Core Audio: generate, record, mix, and play audio

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Core Services Layer
 XML Support
◦ Retrieve elements from an XML document
◦ Manipulating XML content
 CFNetwork Framework
◦ Work with network protocols: BSD sockets, FTP, HTTP, SSL, Resolve
DNS Hosts
 Core Data Framework
◦ Storage of object data in a SQLite database
◦ Support for grouping, filtering, and organizing data in memory
 Core Foundation Framework
◦ Collection data types (arrays, sets …)
◦ String management
◦ Date and time management
◦ Threads and run loops
◦ Port and socket communication

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Core OS Layer
 Accelerate Framework
◦ Interfaces for performing math, big-number, and DSP
calculations
◦ Optimized for all of the hardware configurations
 External Accessory Framework
◦ Dock connector of a device or wirelessly using Bluetooth
 Security Framework
◦ Guarantee the security of data
 System
◦ Kernel environment, drivers, and low-level UNIX
interfaces of the operating system

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iOS Developer Tools
 Intel-based Macintosh
 iOS SDK

◦ Xcode
 IDE
 iOS Simulator
◦ Interface Builder
 Tool to build the UI visually instead of programattically
 iPhone
 Apple Developer’s License to run on physical

iPhone and sell in Apple’s App Store

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VirtualBox
Emulate MAC to run OSX on PC
 http://www.virtualbox.org/
 http://lifehacker.com/5583650/run-mac-os
-x-in-virtualbox-on-windows
 http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2010/04
/old-versions-of-iphone-sdk.html
 $699 for MAC mini or $29 for Snow Leopard
MAC OSX and run in virtualbox (free)

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Xcode – Project Window

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Xcode – Running a project

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Interface Builder

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Interface Builder
 Separate program and works together with
XCode
 Used to program App View graphically
 Keywords are added to code to integrate with

Interface Builder:
◦ IBOutlet  nothing
◦ IBAction  void
 Contains all GUI elements

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Model-View-Controller
 Model: objects represent data such as
SpaceShips and Weapons in a game, ToDo
items and Contacts in a productivity
application, or Circles and Squares in a
drawing application.
 View: objects know how to display data

(model objects) and may allow the user to

edit the data.
 Controller: objects mediate between models

and views. This is where your logic goes.

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Model-View-Controller

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Model-View-Controller
 View controllers play a very important role in
the design and implementation of iOS
applications
 View controllers make it easier for you to
implement many of the standard interface
behaviors found in iOS applications
 Provides a convenient way to organize your
application’s user interface and content.
 Many reasons to use view controllers in your
application and very few reasons to avoid them.

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Model-View-Controller

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 Objective-C
 The Objective-C language is a simple computer
language designed to enable sophisticated
object-oriented programming.
 Objective-C extends the standard ANSI C
language by providing syntax for defining
classes, and methods, as well as other
constructs that promote dynamic extension of
classes.
 Many of the traditional object-oriented
concepts, such as encapsulation, inheritance,
and polymorphism, are all present in Objective-
C.
Reference: 27
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#referencelibrary/GettingStarted/Learning_Objective-C_A_Primer/
Objective-C Classes
 A construct for encapsulating some data with
the actions that operate on that data.
 Requires an interface (*.h) and

implementation (*.m)

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Objective-C
Methods and Messaging
 Method whose  Do not require you to
execution is scoped to create an instance
a particular instance of  Like a static method or
the class function in C/C++
 Before you call an
instance method, an
instance of the class
(object) must first be
created
 Like methods in C++

Instance Methods (-) Class Methods (+)

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Objective-C
Method Declaration Syntax

 Method’s name insertObject:atIndex:

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Objective-C
Calling a Method
 Done by “messaging an object”
 Message is the message signature with

parameters
 All messages are dispatched dynamically,

utilizing polymorphic behavior

[myArray insertObject:anObject atIndex:0];

Enclosed in Brackets

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Objective-C
Calling a Method
 Done by “messaging an object”
 Message is the message signature with

parameters
 All messages are dispatched dynamically,

utilizing polymorphic behavior

[myArray insertObject:anObject atIndex:0];

Object receiving method

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Objective-C
Calling a Method
 Done by “messaging an object”
 Message is the message signature with

parameters
 All messages are dispatched dynamically,

utilizing polymorphic behavior

[myArray insertObject:anObject atIndex:0];

Method signatures

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Objective-C
Calling a Method
 Done by “messaging an object”
 Message is the message signature with

parameters
 All messages are dispatched dynamically,

utilizing polymorphic behavior

[myArray insertObject:anObject atIndex:0];

parameters

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 Objective-C
Accessor Methods
 Nested messages are allowed
[[myAppObject theArray] insertObject:[myAppObject objectToInsert] atIndex:0];

 Use dot syntax for invoking accessor methods

 Get
 -(type) propertyName

[myAppObject.theArray insertObject:[myAppObject objectToInsert] atIndex:0];

 Set
 - (void) setPropertyName:(type)

[myAppObject setTheArray:aNewArray];  myAppObject.theArray = aNewArray;

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Objective-C
Class Implementation (*.m)
@implementation MyClass

- (id)initWithString:(NSString *)aName
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
name = [aName copy];
}
return self;
}

+ (MyClass *)createMyClassWithString: (NSString *)aName

{
return [[[self alloc] initWithString:aName] autorelease];
}
@end 36
 Objective-C
Declared Properties

Convenience for replacing declaration and accessor methods

@synthesize flag;
@property BOOL flag;

@synthesize nameObject;
// Copy the object during assignment.
@property (copy) NSString *nameObject; @synthesize rootView;

// Declare only a getter method.

@property (readonly) UIView *rootView;

Custom Options

Class Interface Class Implementation

More info at
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/ObjectiveC/Articles/ocProperties.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP30001163-CH17 37
Objective-C
Strings with NSString
 Objective-C frameworks do not use typical C-
style strings, strings are encapsulated as
NSString objects
 Built in memory management, allowing

arbitrary length strings

 Unicode support
 printf style formatting utilities
 Shorthand for creating NSString objects

◦ @ symbol proceeding double quotes

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 Objective-C
NSString Examples
NSString *myString = @"My String\n";

NSString *anotherString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d %@", 1, @"String"];

// Create an Objective-C string from a C string

NSString *fromCString = [NSString stringWithCString:"A C string"
encoding:NSASCIIStringEncoding];

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 Objective-C
Memory Management
 Retain and release methods are inherited from NSObject parent
class implements a method known as Reference Counting
 Each object has internal counter that keeps track of the number
of references to object.
 Once reached to zero, [object release] calls dealloc and memory
is freed.
 Number of alloc and retains need to match number of releases
to properly manage memory for object
 See reference for more information on memory management
practices and autorelease pool.

Reference: http://www.otierney.net/objective-c.html#memorymanagement 40
Objective-C, C++
Side-by-Side
Code
Create object on stack

myClass myObject; N/A

Create object on heap by reference

myClass *myObject = new myClass(); myClass *myObject = [[myClass alloc] init];

Free memory

delete myObject; [myObject release];

Calling Methods

myObject.method(); [myObject method];

Method with Parameters

myObject.method(“string1”, 2); [myObject method:@”string1” method2:2];

C++ Objective-C
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Reference: http://howtomakeiphoneapps.com/objective-c-tutorial/
Objective-C, C++
Differences
C++ Objective-C
NULL nil
#include #import
#ifndef
#define
#endif
bool BOOL
true YES
false NO
method message
Reference: http://www.otierney.net/objective-c.html

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 Hello, World!
 Create the Project
1. Launch Xcode
application
2. Choose File > New
Project
3. Select the iOS >
Application > Window-
Based Application
template
4. Name the project
“HelloWorld”

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Hello, World (cont.)
5. Add a new class to the project, “MyView”
a) Choose File > New File
b) Select the Cocoa Touch UIView subclass template,
click Next.

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Hello, World (cont.)
c) In the File Name text field, enter “MyView.m”
d) Select the “Also create “MyView.h”” option and click
Finish.
6. Choose the destination for the application.
If the iPhone is plugged in, you can select destination to
Device, otherwise choose the Simulator.

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 Hello, World (cont.)
 Now to write the code
◦ Modify the HellowWorldAppDelegate class to use the
MyView class:
1. Select the HelloWorld project
2. Select and open the HelloWorldAppDelegate.m
3. Now edit the file:
a) Add: #import “MyView.h”
b) Inside the method
“application:didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:” add:

MyView *view = [[MyView alloc] initWithFrame:[window frame]];

[window addSubview:view];
[view release];

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 Hello, World (cont.)
 Add method to draw “Hello, World!” in MyView.m
 (void)drawRect:(CGRect) rect
{
NSString *hello = @"Hello, World!";
CGPoint location = CGPointMake(10, 20);
UIFont *font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:24.0];
[[UIColor whiteColor] set];
[hello drawAtPoint:location withFont:font];
}

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Hello, World (cont.)

 Run the Application

◦ Choose Build > Build
and Run
◦ If no build errors, Xcode
installs the application
in iOS Simulator or your
device

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Hello, World!
 Lets go through the example in with Xcode

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Sensors API
 Best reference for the sensor interfaces is the
Apple Developer Site:
http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/navig
ation/#

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GPS
 Cocoa Touch Layer :: CoreLocation ::
CLLocationManager Class
 Example:

locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];

locationManager.delegate = self;

if( locationManager.locationServiceEnabled )
{
[locationManager startUpdatingLocation];
}
else
{
…
}
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 GPS
Delegate Method

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateToLocation:(CLLocation

*)newLocation fromLocation:(CLLocation *)oldLocation
{
if( newLocation != oldLocation)
{
//User code
}
}

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Accelerometer
 MediaLayer :: UIKit ::
UIViewController
 Uses the protocol
UIAccelerometerDelegate

1. Declare Class
2. Start Accelerometer
3. Read Measurements

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Accelerometer
Code
1) @interface AccelController : UIViewController <UIAccelerometerDelegate>
{
UIAccelerometer *accelerometer;
}

@end

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
2) accelerometer = [UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer];
accelerometer.updateInterval = 0.1;
accelerometer.delegate = self;
[super viewDidLoad];
}

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 Accelerometer
Code
3) - (void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer *)meter didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration *)acceleration
{
float x = acceleration.x;
float y = acceleration.y;
float z = acceleration.z;
float angle = atan2(y, x);
//User Code
}

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Magnetometer / Compass
 Cocoa Touch Layer :: CoreLocation ::
CLLocationManager Class
locationManager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
locationManager.delegate = self;

if( locationManager.locationServicesEnabled &&

locationManager.headingAvailable)
{
[locationManager startUpdateingLocation];
[locationManager startUpdatingHeading];
}
else
{
…
}
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Magnetometer / Compass
Delegate
- (void)locationManager(:CLLocationManager *) manager
didUpdateHeading:(CLHeading *) newHeading
{
if( newHeading.headinAccuracy > 0 )
{
CLLocationDirection theHeading = newHeading.magneticHeading;
//User Code
}
}

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 Camera
UIImagePickerController *pickerController = [[UIImagePickerController alloc] init];
pickerController.delegate = self;
pickerController.sourceType = UIImagePickerControllerSourceTypeCamera;

Implement method inside delegate:

- (void)imagePickerController:(UIImagePickerController *)picker didFinishPickingImage:

(UIImage *)image editingInfo:(NSDictionary *)editingInfo;

58
Microphone
 Framework
◦ /
System/Library/Frameworks/AVFoundation.framew
ork/AVAudioRecorder
 http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#doc
umentation/AVFoundation/Reference/AVAudi
oRecorder_ClassReference/Reference/Referen
ce.html

59
References
 Look at the references throughout the
presentation
 Your First iOS App:

◦ http://developer.apple.com/library/ios/#document
ation/iPhone/Conceptual/iPhone101/Articles/00_In
troduction.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40007514
-CH1-SW1
 iOS Dev Center:
◦ http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/index.ac
tion

60
Issues I Came Across
 Developing in a MAC, in windows was more
difficult. Using VirtualBox and installing MAC
OS inside the computer.
 When installing iOS SDK, I had to install a
previous version to be compatible with the
VirtualBox.
 After that development was just like on a MAC
and proved very productive with the simulator.
 For issues contact me at
J.Mohlenhoff@gmail.com

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