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Bipartite Graph Edge

Coloring Approach to
Course Timetabling
K.LaxmiKanth U.Phanindra
R.V.R & J.C College Of Engg.
V.R & J.C College Of Engg.
laxmikanthkandi1234 @gmail.com
hanindra.cse@gmail.com
Overview

• Overview on the TimeTabling


• Keywords.
• Various Approaches.
• Proposed System.
• Conclusion.
What is
Scheduling?
What is Scheduling?

• Scheduling is a process of pre


planning.
• Example: Tour Planning
What is TIME
TABLE ?
What is TIME TABLE ?

Process of assigning limited RESOURCES to a


set of EVENTS without violating the set of
CONSTRAINTS.
Types Of Time Table

• Course Time Table


• Examination Time Table
History
• Automated Timetabling is not
todaysproblem, it already stated
in past 40 years.
• From Bardadym`s 1995 survey ,
–Interest on Timetabling
was rapid growth in
1960s to 70s.
–Lowering during 70`s
–Again rapid growth from
1970`s to 1980`s.
–And reaches peak in 1995
Interset on Timetabling

1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
Defination of Timetabling
Problem
• Parameters
üTime slots (T).
üResources (R).
üConstraints (C).
• Problem is the arrangement
between Timeslots and
Resources without violating
Constraints.

What Happens if
Constraints are
Violated ????
• What happens in Real Life,
• consider Lab Record, it must be
submitted before deadline, if not……
• In same way Penalties are
increased based on the type of
constraints .

Constraints Efiicency
Types of CONSTRAINTS
1.Hard constraint: Constraints that
cannot be violated.
• e.g.,A group of students cannot be
assigned to more than one course at
the same time.
Types of CONSTRAINTS
• 2. Soft constraint: Preferences that do
not contract with any time conflict and
have lower penalty associated with
them.
• e.g., Lecturer should have maximum
of four hours of classes in a day.
How we develop
timetable?
• There are several ways ,
üUsing graphs
üHeuristic methods and so on…..
KEYWORDS
• Graph.
• Time Tabling.
• Scheduling.
• Bipartite Graph.
• Coloring.



Graph
• The field of mathematics plays vital
role in various fields.
• One of the important areas in
mathematics is graph theory.
• Graph theoretical ideas are highly
utilized by Computer science
applications only.
Graph
• The field graph theory started its
journey in 1735.
• In 1840, idea of complete graph
and bipartite graph.
• The concept of tree was implemented
by “Gustav Kirchhoff” in 1845, and he
employed graph theoretical ideas in
the calculation of currents in
electrical networks or circuits.
• In 1852, coloring
Bipartite Graph
• Bipartite Graph (or BIGRAPH)is a
graph whose vertices can be divided
into two disjoint sets U and V such that
every edge connects a vertex in U to
one in V; that is, U and V are
independent sets.
Coloring
• Def: A coloring of a simple graph is
assignment of colors to each
vertex(edge, face)of a graph so
that no two adjacent vertices are
assigned the same color.
Types of coloring
• 1.Vertex coloring: The vertices
must be colored differently if they
are joined by an edge. No 2
adjacent vertices should get same
color


Types Of coloring(Cont..)
• 2.Edge coloring: Edges with
vertces in common must be colored
differently.No 2 adjacent edges
shoul get same color

Types Of coloring(cont..)
• 3.Face coloring: Faces with
adjacent edges are always colored
differently.


Applications of Graph
Coloring
•1. Coloring models to number of
scheduling problems to schedule
without conflicts.
•2. In compilers, for code optimization.

•3. We use registers at processor for

faster execution, for REGISTER


ALLOCATION coloring used.
•4. Pattern Matching.

•5. Sudoku Problem solving.


Various methods Applied to
the Course Timetabling
Problem
How to start?
Techniques Applied to the
Course Timetabling
Problem
The EXISTING system uses
“HEURISTIC methods”

The most fundamental heuristic is


trial and error
Basic Idea of Heuristics
• Step 1 : Generate an initial solution
(based on the computational history so
far).
• Step 2: Apply (generalized) local search to
find a good locally optimal solution.
• Step 3 : Halt if convergence condition is
met, after outputting the best solution
found so far. Otherwise return to Step 1.

Proposed System
• Using Bipartite Graphs and Coloring
techniques, we can easily solve this
Time Tabling Problem

Proposed System

COMMON TERMS ..
Course : Course is a subject that is
taught by
only one lecturer.
Class : A group of students.
Timeslot : Start time and end time for
the event to take place.
.
Algorithm
Input to the algorithm :

V1 is set of Lecturers
V2 is set of Courses
V3 is set of Students
Set of Timeslots
Algorithm
For every vertex in V2 do{
While there are more edges to color ending at v1 {
//getinitialTimeSlot();
Get initial color for the edge
While color of the adjacent edges are distinct is false {
Search for existing colour at edges from v2 ending at
V1;
Compare the initial color with the existing color of
adjacent edges;
if (initial color == existing color of adjacent edges) {
search for another color; //getAvailableTimeSlot(v1)
Update the color with the new available color }
Else { color = initial color; }
Algorithm
// second graph, color edges from v2 to adjacent edge,
ends at V3
While (there are more edges to color from v2 ending at
v3 and color of the adjacent edges are distinct is true) {
Search for existing color at edges from v2 ending at
V3;
Compare the color with the existing color of adjacent
edges;
if (color == existing color of adjacent edges) {
Update color of the adjacent edges are distinct is
false }
Else {
Update color of the adjacent edges are distinct is true;
// color is distinct}
}
Proposed System
Expected
OUTPUTS
Expected
OUTPUTS

L
U
N
C
H
Conclusion

There are two main differences between existing


system and present system ,
1.Time complexity.
2.Efficiency.
Thank you for your
attention
?
e s
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Q
n y
A

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