Oboza, Ma. Natividad M.

Velasco, Anthonette F.
Lisondra, Philip James
Stuart,
, Gelli
, Christine
 The religious rites and architecture is
manifested everywhere during the
Egyptian Period.

 The religious rites of the Egyptians were

traditional, virtually unchangeable, and
mysterious, and these traits are
reproduced in architecture, both of
tombs and temples.
 Egyptian temples approached by
impressive avenues of sphinxes
possessed in their massive pylons,
great courts, hypostyle halls, inner
sanctuaries, and dim, secret rooms, a
special character.

 Egyptian temples were each planned

as one homogenous whole, and the
component parts were all essential to
the complete design.
Temple of Horus
Edfu, Egypt.
 Egyptian monumental architecture,
which is essentially a columnar and
trabeated style, is expressed mainly in
pyramids and in temples.

 Egyptianarchitecture persistently
maintained its traditions, and when
there was a need for a change in
methods of constructions or in the
materials used, the traditional forms
were perpetuated in spite of novel
conditions.
Pyramids of Giza
 Mesopotamian architecture is evident
in its palaces and temples.

 The Ziggurat – built at successive

levels, with ramps leading from one
platform to another.
Ziggurat at Ur
 Greek architecture is most recognized in
their temples, a low building of post-and-
lintel construction. In this type of
construction, two upright pieces or posts
are surmounted by a horizontal piece,
the lintel, long enough to reach from one
to another. It is also commonly used at
the time because it was the simplest.
Temple of Apollo
Corinth, Greece.
Erechteion in Greece
The Olympieion in Athens.
 TheRoman’s adopted the columnar
and trabeated style of the Greeks and
also developed the arch and vault from
beginnings made by the Etruscans.

 The combined use of column, beam

and arch is the keynote of the Roman
style in the earliest stages.
 The use of concrete
also allowed Romans to
build massive and
strong buildings during
the nineteenth century.

 Another characteristics
of Roman Architecture
the flat round dome
that covers an entire
building, as in the
Panthenon.
Aqueduct of Segovia
The Colloseum
Italy
 ByzantineArchitecture is characterized
by a great central dome which has
always been a traditional feature in the
East.
The 6th-century church of Hagia Irene in Constantinople is a superb sample of
the early Byzantine architecture
 Thewestern architecture passed
through three stages of development:
The Early Christian, Romanesque, and
Gothic.

 Western style follow the general type

of the Roman Basilica, a long
rectangular building divided by pillars
into a central nave and aisles.
Interior of Santa Sabina in Rome.
Bamberg Cathedral
Jerónimos Monastery
Portugal
 InRenaissance architecture, the
cathedral or temple is not a typical
building anymore; secular architecture
comes to the fore, as in Roman times.

 The Renaissance designers got their

ideas from the Romans and Greeks, but
they used their ideas freely, according
to their tastes, in a way that is original.
St. Peter’s Basilica
French Renaissance: Château de Chambord (1519–39)
 It is characterized primarily as a period of
elaborate sculptural ornamentation.

 Columns and entablatures were

decorated with garlands of flowers and
fruits, shells, and waves. Often alcoves
were built into the wall to receive statues,
thus making a pattern of light and dark.
At St. Andrew's Church, Kraków, the paired towers are octagonal in plan and
have domes of the Baroque period.
 The 19th century is known as a period of
eclecticism. Eclecticism in architecture
implies freedom on the part of the
architect or client to choose among the
styles of the past that which seems to
him most appropriate.
 Revival of the past styles flourished in
this time. Most particularly

• Greek,
• Victorian,
• Baroque
• and Gothic.
St. Pancras Parish Church, London, 1819-21
Dean and Woodward: Natural History Museum, Oxford, 1855.
Visconti & Lefuel: 
New Louvre, 1852-57
Eiffel Tower
Paris, France
 Modern Architecture is an attempt to interpret
man’s purpose through his building in a style
free in relation to change and independent of
fix symmetries.

 Buildings were more stronger and massively

built because of the new materials used.
 New materials came to be utilized –
prestressed steel in tension, high-
pressure concrete, glass block, wood,
metal, chromium, plastics, copper,
cork, steel, gypsum, lumber, real and
artificial stone, all varieties of synthetic
and compressed materials, and the
versatile plywood.

 Buildings were more efficient and

scientifically calculated to avoid waste.
The Seagram Building, New York City