NETWOKING DEVICES

- RUPALI PARDESHI
 Computer networking devices are units
that mediate data in computer network
 Network equipment, intermediate
systems (IS) or interworking unit
(IWU).
Function of networking devices
 Separating (connecting)networks or
expanding network
e.g. repeater, hubs,
bringes,router,brouter,swiches
,gateways etc.
 Remote access

e.g. 56k modem & ADSL modems.

Networking devices are follows :-
 Repeaters
 Routers
 Switches
 Bridges
 Hubs
Limitations and features
 Cannot link unlike segments.
 Cannot join segments with different access
methods (e.g. CSMA/c d &token passing).
 Do not isolate & filter packets .
 Can connect different types of media.
 The mot eco way of expanding networks.
REPEATERS & HUBS
 Repeaters &hubs works at the osi
physical layer to regenerate the networks
signal & resend them to other segments.
 Primitive hubs can be viewed as a
multiport repeater.
 It regenerate data& broadcasts them to
all port.
Advantages & disadvantage of
REPEATER
Advantages:-
 Repeater can regenerate the desire information

 They can reduced the noise effect.

 They can extend

Disadvantages:-
 A repeater can not connect two LAN.

 It only connect to segment of LAN.

Repeater & hub
ROUTERS
 Layers 2 switches can not take
advantage of multiple paths.
 Router works at the OSI Layer 3
(network layer).
 They use the ”logical address” of
packets and routing tables to determine
the best path for data delivery.
How routers works?
 As packets are passed from router data link
layer source and destination addresses are
stripped off and hen recreated.
 Enables a router to route a packet form a
tcp/ip ethernet n\w s to tcp/ ip token ring
network.
 Only packets with known network address
will the passed- hence reduce traffic.
 Routes can listen to a network and identify
busiest path.
 TYPES OF ROUTER
STATIC ROUTER DYNAMIC ROUTER

1. Manual configuration of 1. Manual configuration of

routes. the first routes ,
automatic discovery of
2 .Always use the same new routes.
route. 2. Can select the best route.
3 .More secure. 3. Need manual
configuration to improve
security.
Static router& dynamic router
SWITCHES
 Switches operate at the data link layer(layer2)
of the OSI model.
 Can interpret address information.
 Switches resemble bridges and can be
considered as multiport bridges.
 By having multiport can better use limited
bandwidth and prove more cost-effective
than bridges.
 Switches divide the a networks into several
isolated channels.
Switches & bridges
ADVANTAGES OF SWITCHES
 Reduce the possibility of collision .
 Collision only occurs when two devices try to
get occurs to one channel.
 Each channel has its own network capacity
suitable for real-time application (e g video
conferencing).
 Since isolate, hence secure
 data will only go to the destination but not
others.
BRIDGES
 bridges connect network segment.
 They are used to increase the maximum
possible size of the network.
 The bridges read the physical location of the
source and destination computer from
address.
 A bridges selectively determines the
appropriate segment to which it should pass
the signals.
GATEWAY
 Gateway comprise of software dedicated
 Network or combination of both.
 A gateway is a device that can interpret & translate
the different protocol that are used on two distinct
network, gateway operates in on 7 layer of osi
 Networks model.
 A gateway can actually converted the data so that it
works with an application on a computer on the
other side of the gateway.
THANK YOU