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O Indian Ocean is surrounded by
not less than 37 countries ± 1/3rd
of the World¶s population
O Indian Ocean is at the heart of the World
O Malacca Dilemma
O Indian Ocean ± New Great Game in Geo-Politics
O India¶s and China¶s aspirations for great-power status and
quest for energy security ± compelled them to redirect
their gazes from land to the seas
O China expands vertically and India Horizontally
   
    
O Oman ± example of how
Globalization is build at its best
O Pragmatic side of Africans and
Indians converting into Muslims
O Indian Ocean ± contributed a web
of trade routes ± Muslims, Arabs,
O Persians, Indians in present day Malaysia and
Indonesia.
O Oman ± land of five hundred ports
O Oman is everywhere
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O Curzon ± spoke every kind of natural frontier ± seas,
deserts, mountains, rivers and forests
O Animosity of the tribes in the desert kept Omani state
weak or nonexistent for long periods
O Unsettling aspect of Yemen ± diffusion of power rather
than concentrating
O Because of the higher insurance rates for shipping in
Persian Gulf ± more transport links are developed
between Dubai and Omani ports
O Notable change in the dressing and living style of young
generation ± going towards Westernization ±
Globalization in itself
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O Êasco De Gama ±travelled for
two decades around Africa to
reach India.
O Because of Êasco De Gama¶s travel ±
Portuguese came to dominate the most important sea routes.
O Êasco De Gama¶s voyage ± diminished the importance of
Mediterranean in favor of the much vaster Indian Ocean.
O Portuguese ± were able to establish themselves throughout
the quarter of the earth ± climatic, cultural and trading system
did unite the shores along the Indian Ocean.
O Lands of India ± Arab, Persian, Hindu and other traders turned
into a recognizable cultural system and unified traders.
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O 0he frontier of al-Hind, the Makran coast and the adjacent interior ± together known as
Baluchistan
O Government of Baluchistan ± whenever and wherever it wants to extract minerals, to
grab land and to build highways and bases.
O 0he talk of a geopolitical nerve center ± there were no generators, no electric drills,
just craftsmen making holes with manual drills with bow like devices.
O 0he Gulf states were the product of good government under ideal conditions which
Pakistan lacked.
O For Baluchs and Sindhis Independence from Great Britain created a harsh irony ±
they found themselves subject to Punjabi rule within the new state of Pakistan.
O Baluchistan and Sindh are complimentary regions where Baluchistan holds the natural
resources and Sindh the industrial base.
O Baluchistan overlapped three countries ± Pakistan, Iran and Afghanistan ± Baluch
would simply bomb the new roads and future pipelines leading out of there.
O Both the words ³India´ and ³Hindu´ have been derived from Sindhu, which in Persian
became Hind, and in Greek and Roman Ind.
O Despite the tradition of inter-ethnic violence, the Karachi city usually seemed peaceful.
 

 

O Mohan Das Karam Chand Gandhi ± Father of Nation
O India has undergone an uneasy shift in rampant capitalism, ethnic
and religious tensions.
O Guajarati¶s ± excellent sailors ±
Gulf of Cambay ± easternmost
point for trade in the western Indian
Ocean and westernmost point for
trade with the East Indies.
O During the age of British Imperialism ± Gujarati businessmen sold
cloth to Yemen and were paid in silver and lent to English merchants
to buy Yemeni Coffee
O Gujarat ± center point for East-West connectivity from Africa to
Indonesia

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O Mughal empire and its rule over the
Indian subcontinent
O 0he mughals were a land based empire
where as the British were a sea based
empire«..
O 0he Chinese analyst worry that the 244
islands that constitute Indian¶s Andaman-Nicobar
Archipelago can be used as a metal chain to lock shut
the western entrance of the straits of Malacca.
O Strategically located Afghanistan « importance to India
and Pakistan««
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O Located at sea level and prone to natural calamities
giving rise to extreme poverty, internal violence and
crime«.
O Giving rise to NGOs and corruption..
O Chittagong as the next port or hub for trade?
O With the growing natural gas discussion and
developments can Bangladesh prosper by charging
significant transit fees from both the countries«. India
and china«..
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O Center for Culture, and education and a very
strong British and other ethnic influence.
O Prosperous is silk, cotton and agriculture«
O 0extile industry hub for India««..
O Bangladesh and Burma have natural gas to
export to India and china.. and Calcutta will be the entry
point for Indian trade««
O How globalization and prosperity can be seen«
O Neo -Curzonism (is a tendency amongst Indian strategic
thinkers who anticipate continued economic growth in
their country)
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O Internal turmoil between 0amil¶s

and the political unrest giving
rise to crime and violence
O Chinese see this as a key to
the twenty-first century sea lines.
O Control over the over Indian Ocean by building a port
in the ocean on the coasts of Sri Lanka
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O Internal aggression and the fight for independence by
different regions (Karen State and Shan State) bordering
0hailand
O China building a port at Kyauk Phru (Ramree Island) on
the western borders of Burma for transportation of oil and
natural gas from Somalia (Ogaden Basin)
O India strategically planning to develop the Sittwe Port
western borders of Burma for transportation of natural
gas from Shew Gas fields..
O US policy just talking about religious values and waiting
for the regime to collapse which will put America in
excellent seat with the Burmese people.
INDONESIA¶S 0ROPICAL 0SUNAMI
O 240 million people live in a ring of fire: active volcanoes',
tectonic plates, continental
fault lines, massive deforestation
O 4th most populous country in
world with a populous Muslim
following
O Aftermath December 2004-Indian
Ocean 0sunami was like a floating
cemetery of dead bodies.
INDONESIA¶S 0ROPICAL 0SUNAMI Continued««

O 1st time soldiers seen dead bodies not on television

O 0his natural disaster, not war, matured the soldiers.
O 0he 0sunami is referenced to the biblical Noah's Ark,
making religion a creation of this natural disaster.
O 0hey accepted the 0sunami as the will of God unlike
Katrina in America.
O 0he environmental change created change allowing
Islamic people in Indonesia to be more self aware and
self conscious.
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O US, United Nations and World Bank step in with relief
causing inflation and putting fisherman
and farmers out of work.
O Democracy develops peacefully
compared to the violence ensued
in Iraq when Bush tried to make
it happen.
O Westernization is deemed a threat as women wearing
Jilhabs also wear tank tops with exposed bellies and tight
jeans, opposing traditional Islamic doctrine.
 YGContinues««
O 0he advent of television stations in India like Al Jezzera &
Persian Gulf based global media, helps to bring about a
clash of religious culture between Middle East Islam and
Indonesia Islam.
O Religion not black and white anymore generating buzz of
a necessity of having good relations with Jews and
Christians.
O Sizable amount of Chinese, Christians and Hindus
O Iraq & Syria seen as Islam's past while Indonesia is Islam
future.
    
O India & China meet where the Indian Oceans joins the
Western Pacific.
O Energy related tankers expected
to grow by 50% in 2020, making it
of great importance.
O Indonesia a major oil producer supplies
East Asia natural gas.
O Critical hub of politics with strategic location, ethnic
diversity, dominant Muslim religion and weak institutions
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O Straight of Malacca across from Singapore has tug boats,
fishing boats and supertankers vying for space.
O Large concentration of Chinese who are barred from
judiciary duties, the military and other professions
allowing them to dominate the business sector of the
world.
O Resisting China proving to be impossible to Indonesia.
O Fear of subtle influences from the outside.
O Indonesia needs to strengthen it's military to ward off
potential adversaries like China, Japan and India.
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O America loosing it's Naval advantage as Australia, Japan, India,
China and South Korea converge on the sea.
O China producing massive amounts of ships
as the US Navy Shrinks due to America's
economic recession.
O Believed that America will both compete and
cooperate with China in diplomatic and
economic relations.
O China's defense budget increases as America's shrinks.
O China two ocean navy in western Pacific and Indian ocean makes it
a great power to contend with if potential is realized.
 
$
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O China, Arab and Persian civilization on the Indian Ocean.
O China economy rising seen as alternative to western civilization as
China's demand for oil fuel Arabs economies.
O 0rade may play an important part in shift of power and unity amongst
China and Arab nations.
O Africa rising in trade as technology and money flows in from Middle
East and Asia; thus bringing it out of isolation.
O India competing with China for trade and doing business in African
states.
O A challenge of growth for Africa based on piracy as Somali pirates
threaten shipping.