Shanimon k

MCA B5
No 48
ER&DCI IT
 Evolution of Mobile
Systems

2G 2.5G 3G EDGE
Evolution
GSM 3GPP
GPRS EDGE
(TDMA) Core
PDC Network
UMTS
(TDMA) HSPDA
HSDPA
(WCDMA)
iDEN
(TDMA)
IS-136 CDMA2000
(TDMA) 1x EV/DVCDMA2000
cdmaOne
IS-95A IS-95B CDMA2000 1x EV-DO
(TDMA) (TDMA)
1xRTT CDMA2000
1x EV-DV
Global System for Mobile
Communications (GSM)
World GSM Subscribers

GSM It is used by over 2 billion

82% people across more than 212
countries
 Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)

• It started in the early 1980s

• It is the most popular standard for mobile phones in

the world.

• The key advantage of GSM systems to consumers

has been higher digital voice quality and low cost
alternatives to making calls,
• GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile
phones connect to it by searching for cells in the
immediate vicinity.

• GSM networks operate in four different frequency

range
• 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands.
• 850 MHz and 1900 MHz bands
• 935–960 MHz
• 890–915 MHz,
 GSM Network structure

MSC HLR
BSC AUC
EIR

Base Transceiver Station

 Base Station Subsystem(BSS)

• BSS is the section of a traditional cellular telephone network

which is responsible for handling traffic and signaling between a
mobile phone and the NSS.
• Base Transceiver Station(BTS), contains the equipment for
transmitting and receiving of radio signals (transceivers),
antennas, and equipment for encrypting and decrypting
communications with the Base Station Controller .

• The BSC handles allocation of radio channels, receives

measurements from the mobile phones, controls handovers from
BTS to BTS.
• Packet Control Unit (PCU) performs some of the processing
tasks of the BSC, but for packet data.
 Network Switching Subsystem(NSS)

• NSS, is the component of a GSM system that carries out

switching functions and manages the communications between
mobile phones and the PSTN. The NSS, also referred to as the
GSM core network.

• MSC is a sophisticated telephone exchange which provides

circuit-switched calling, mobility management, and GSM services
to the mobile phones roaming within the area that it serves.
• The 'Home Location Register' (HLR) is a central database that
contains details of each mobile phone subscriber that is
authorized to use the GSM core network.

• The 'Authentication Centre' ( AUC) is a function to authenticate

each SIM card that attempts to connect to the GSM core network.

• The EIR (Equipment Identity Register) keeps a list of mobile

phones (identified by their IMEI) which are to be banned from the
network or monitored.
 GPRS Core Network

• It is the centralized part of the GPRS system and also provides

support for WCDMA based 3G networks. The GPRS core network
is an integrated part of the GSM core network.

• A Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN) acts as an interface

between the GPRS backbone network and the external packet
data networks. It converts the GPRS packets coming from the
SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol and sends them
out on the corresponding packet data network

• Serving GPRS Support Node(SGSN) :Detunnel GTP packets

from the GGSN (downlink),Tunnel IP packets toward the GGSN
(uplink) ,Carry out mobility management as Standby mode mobile
moves from Routing Area to Routing Area, Billing user data
 Subscriber Identity Module

• One of the key features of GSM is the Subscriber

Identity Module (SIM), commonly known as a SIM
card.
• The SIM is a detachable smart card containing the
user's subscription information and phonebook.
This allows the user to retain his or her information
after switching handsets
 About GPRS

• GPRS is a Mobile Data Service available to users

of Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM) and IS-136 mobile phones.

• It is an expansion of GSM and a main step to 3G

• 2G cellular systems combined with GPRS is often

described as "2.5G“

• GPRS is packet-switched, which means that

multiple users share the same transmission
channel, only transmitting when they have data to
send
 Contd…

• The multiple access methods used in GSM with

GPRS are based on frequency division duplex
(FDD) and FDMA.

• During a session, a user is assigned to one pair of

up-link and down-link frequency channels.

• This is combined with packet mode communication,

which makes it possible for several users to share
the same frequency channel.
 GPRS can be used for services such as

• Wireless Application Protocol (WAP) access

• Short Message Service (SMS),
• Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS),
• GPRS will enable Internet applications, from web
browsing to chat, location based applications, e-
commerce etc over the mobile network.
• Other new applications for GPRS, include file
transfer and the ability to remotely access and
control/monitor house appliances and machines.
 About EDGE

• Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) or Enhanced GPRS

(EGPRS)

• It is a digital mobile phone technology that allows it to increase data

transmission rate and improve data transmission reliability.

• Although technically a 3G network technology it is generally classified as

the unofficial standard 2.75G, due to its slower network speed. EDGE
has been introduced into GSM networks around the world since 2003,
initially in North America.

• It can be used both packet-switched and circuit-switched voice and

data services. High-speed data applications such as video services and
other multimedia benefit from EGPRS' increased data capacity.
 About EDGE

• EDGE is an expansion of the GSM/GPRS protocol to support

higher data rates. EDGE is add-on to GPRS

• This is accomplished by utilizing 8-PSK (8-Phase Shift Keying)

modulation technique and modulation coding schemes at the
physical layer.

• Offer data rates of 384kbps, theoretically up to 473.6kbps

• Uses Link adaptation algorithm for packet based radio system.

• Modulation Bit rate – 810kbps
• Radio data rate per time slot – 69.2kbps
• User data rate per time slot – 59.2kbps
• User data rate (8 time slots) – 473.6kbps
 Why evolve EDGE?

• Economic forces – less costly than upgrading to UMTS

• Easy to offer global service to subscribers – 82% of world

market is GSM which is already equipped for easy roaming
and billing

• Higher data rates and system capacity

• Broadband-like speeds achievable

• Much less expensive mobiles

Services
EDGE In GSM Network

EDGE Capable TRX,

GSM compatible

Gb Gn
Laptop GGSN
BTS SGSN

MSC
A-bis BSC A

BSC
MSC

More capacity in interfaces

EDGE capable terminal BTS to support higher data image
GSM compatible 8BTS
-PSK coverage
GSM coverage
BTS -Base Transceiver Station
BSC - Base Station Controller
SGSN - Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN - Gateway GPRS Support Node
MSC - Mobile Switching Center
Impact of EDGE on existing GSM/GPRS networks

• EDGE requires no hardware or software changes to be made in

GSM core networks, base stations must be modified.

• EDGE compatible transceiver units must be installed

• Software upgrade to the BS and BSC

• The base station subsystem (BSS) hardware(new transceiver in

each cell) needs to be upgraded to support EDGE

• New mobile terminal hardware and software is also required to

decode/encode the new modulation and coding schemes and
carry the higher user data
 Phase-shift keying

• It is a digital modulation scheme that transmit data by changing,

or modulating.
• Any digital modulation scheme uses a finite number of distinct
signals to represent digital data.

• PSK uses a finite number of phases, each assigned a unique

pattern of binary bits. Usually, each phase encodes an equal
number of bits.

• Each pattern of bits forms the symbol that is represented by the

particular phase. The demodulator, which is designed specifically
for the symbol-set used by the modulator, determines the phase
of the received signal and maps it back to the symbol it
represents, thus recovering the original data.
Comparison

473.3
Technical differences between GPRS and EDGE

• EDGE is a subsystem within the GSM standard, GPRS has

introduced packet-switched data into GSM networks.

• Basically, EDGE only introduces a new modulation

technique and new channel coding that can be used to
transmit both packet-switched and circuit-switched voice and
data services.

• EDGE is an add-on to GPRS and cannot work alone. And is

therefore much easier to introduce than GPRS. GPRS has a
greater impact on the GSM system than EDGE has.
Technical differences between GPRS and EDGE

• EDGE offers significantly higher throughput and capacity.

This decreases the number of radio resources required to
support the same traffic, thus freeing up capacity for more
data or voice services.

• EDGE can transmit three times as many bits as GPRS

during the same period of time. This is the main reason
for the higher EDGE bit rates.
 Technical differences between GPRS and EGPRS

• With EDGE, the same time slot can support more users.

• GPRS and EDGE have different protocols and different

behavior on the base station system side.

• On the core network side, GPRS and EDGE share the

same packet-handling protocols and, therefore, behave in
the same way.

• GPRS and EDGE share the same symbol rate, the

modulation bit rate differs.
 EDGE Advantages

• Time to market
• Designed for existing spectrum: 800/900/1800/1900
MHz
• Low risk technology evolution from GSM/GPRS

• GSM global scale & scope

• Chipsets, handsets, infrastructure and applications
• Lower capital investment, better vendor selection
• Global roaming

• Short-term benefits: Capacity and performance

• Easy implementation on a GSM/GPRS network
• Cost effective
• Increase the capacity and triples the data rate of GPRS
• Enabling new multimedia services
 Global EDGE Status

China:
Europe:
Political
G WCDMA
commitments
US+Canada: technology
to every
EDGE roll- commitment.
technology.
outs on the Strong need No rush to
way for delaying 3G. No public
E roll-outs on UMTS roll-outs EDGE
the way and Growing commitments
EDGE interest Market follows global yet
Latin towards EDGE, trends. “Ongoing
America: but no public technology standard
Will commitments war”. Also public
eventually yet. commitments to EDGE
follow US.
eventually
follow US.
EDGE Operators In Asia
 Conclusion

• EDGE transmit both packet-switched and circuit-

switched voice and data services.
• High speed Data rates
• EDGE Evolution continues in Release 7 of the
3GPP standard providing doubled performance e.g.
to complement High-Speed Packet Access
(HSPA).

• Voice over IP is planned for EDGE R’2000

standards
THANK
YOU