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B IAS IS

AMOE
By:
Sytrose
Morales
Tabaco
definition
Etiologic agent
Developmental
stage
Pathogenesis

Clinical
Clinical
manifestations
features

Nursing. Mgt. n d
prevention e
he
T
Amoebiasis is a protozoal infection of
human beings initially involves the
colon, but may spread to soft tissues,
most commonly to the liver or lungs,
by contiguity or hematogenous of
lymphatic dissemination.
Entamoeba Histolytica
Prevalent in unsanitary areas
Common in warm climate
Acquired by swallowing
Cyst survives a few days outside of the body
Cyst passes to the large intestine and hatch into
the trophozoites. It passes to the mesenteric veins,
to the portal vein, to the liver, thereby forming
amoebic liver abscess.
Two Developmental Stages
1. Trophozoites/vegetative form
 These are facultative parasites that may invade the tissues
or may be found in the parasitized tissues and liquid colonic
contents.
2. Cyst
 It is passed out with formed or semi-formed stools and are
resistant to environmental conditions.
 This is considered as the infective stage in the life cycle of E.
histolytica.
Ingestion of Bacteria
Multiplication in mucosa
Endotoxin production affecting the lining of
the small intestines, colon, and capillary
Necrosis of the mucosal layer
Ulceration
Gangrene
TOXEMIA
Clinical Manifestations
1. Acute Amoebic Dysentery
 Slight attack of diarrhea, altered with periods of
constipation and often accompanied by tenesmus
 Diarrhea, watery and foul-smelling stool often
containing blood-streaked mucus
 Colic and gaseous distention of the lower abdomen
 Nausea, flatulence, abdominal distention and
tenderness in the right iliac region over the colon
2. Chronic Amoebic Dysentery
 Attack of dysentery that lasts for several days, usually succeeded by
constipation
 Tenesmus accompanied by the desire to defecate
 Anorexia, wt. loss, and weakness
 Liver may be enlarged
 The stool at first is semi fluid but soon becomes watery, bloody and mucoid
 Vague abdominal distress, flatulence, constipation or irregularity of bowel.
 Mild toxemia, constant fatigue, and lassitude
 Abdomen loses its elasticity when picked-up between fingers
 On sigmoidoscopy, scattered ulceration with yellowish and erythematous
border
 Gangrenous type (fatal cases) is characterized by the appearance of large
sloughs of intestinal tissues in the stool accompanied by hemorrhage
3. Extraintestinal forms
Hepatic
a. pain at the URQ with tenderness of the liver
b. Jaundice
c. Intermittent fever
d. Loss of weight or anorexia
e. Abscess may break through the lungs, patients coughs
anchovy-sauce sputum
Clinical Features
1. Onset is gradual
2. Diarrhea increases and stool besomes
bloody and mucoid
3. Abscesses in the skin
4. In extreme cases – liver abscesses if the
infection goes to the bloodstream
Nursing Management
1. Observe isolation and enteric precaution
2. Provide health education and instruct the patient
to:
a. Boil water for drinking or use purifies water;
b. Avoid washing food from open drum or pail;
c. Cover left-over food;
d. Wash hands after defecation or before eating; and
e. Avoid ground vegetables (lettuce, carrots, and the
like)
Prevention Methods
1. Sanitary disposal of feces
2. Protect, chlorinate and purify drinking water
3. Observe scrupulous cleanliness in food
preparation and food handling
4. Detection and treatment of carriers
5. Fly control

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