Oral health and nutrition

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 Introduction
 Development is a process which
commences at conception,and continues
through birth and entire life
 A good balanced diet is essential for
optimal growth,development and good
general health
 Biochemistry of growth and
development
 Increase in DNA,RNA and protein
synthesis
 Critical period during development
 Nutritional imbalances at critical periods
result in irreversible changes and damage
Effects of nutritional imbalances on
teeth
 Hypertrophic and hyperplastic growth
phases
 Protein matrix laid down which later
mineralised
 Imbalances during critical period lead to
irreversible changes in teeth
 Nutritional imbalances on oral
epithelium
 Gingival sulcus lined by non-keratinised
stratified squamous epithelium
 Renew itself in 3 to 7 days
 Nutritional stress period can impair
renewal of sulcular epithelium which leads
to periodontal diseases
 Carbohydrates and dental caries

 Acidogenic theory
 Sucrose administration during
mineralisation of molar teeth makes caries
susceptible
 Brown sugar is less cariogenic refined
sugar
 Sticky form double cariogenicity than non-
sticky granular form
 Oral clearance rate
Dental caries
 Fat and orodental health
 Present in enamel and dentin
 Anticariogenic effect
 A fat layer covering the plaque prevents entering
substrate
 Does not allow retension of food
 Growth of cariogenic bacteria is retarded
 High fat diet(more than 30%)-degenerative change
in gingiva
 Less than 2%-inflammation of periodontal ligament
 Protein and orodental health
 If mothers diet is deficient in protein,child’s teeth will be
- smaller in size
- more caries prone
- late eruption of 3rd molars
- rotated & crowded teeth
 Protein deficiency causes
 Adversely affects the activity of fibroblasts , osteoblasts and
cementoblasts
 Breakdown of cancellous bone
 Retardation of cementum deposition
 Enhance oral infections
 Development of craniofacial
complex

 Cleft lip & cleft palate –world’s most

common birth defects
 deprivation or excesses create abnormality
in the embryo can produce this congenital
anomaly
 Vitamins

Vit-A
 Maintaining the integrity &normal

funtioning of glandular &epithelial tissue

 Deficiency-oral cancer
Riboflavin-vit B2
 Cellular oxidation

 Deficiency –glossitis,cheilitis
Glossitis
Glossitis
Niacin
 For metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and

protein
 Normal functioning of skin, intestine and

nervous system
 Deficiency- pellagra, glossitis, stomatitis
Pellagra
Stomatitis
Stomatitis
Glossitis
Vitamin C
 Collagen formation

 Deficiency scurvy-swollen &bleeding gums

Scurvy
Vitamin D
 Intestinal absorption of Ca & Phosphorous

 Normal growth

 Deficiency-Rickets,Osteomalacia
 Minerals
 Calcium
 1200g-present in bones
 Functions
 Formation of bone &teeth
 Coagulation of blood
 Deficiency-increased dental caries
-osteoporosis of alveolar bone
 Phosphorus

 0.8%
 Sodium trimetaphospate & dicalcium
phosphate
 Replace carbonate and citrate of enamel
surface apatite makes tooth resistant to acid
solubility
 Phosphate rich diet-increase salivary
phosphate-reduce caries
 Deficiency-dental caries.
 Magnesium

 Male-350mg/day
 Female-300mg/day
 Deficiency-degenerative changes in
ameloblast & odontoblast
 Thickening of periodontal ligament
 Reduction in alveolar bone formation
 Gingival hyperplasia
 Oral pathology associated with
disturbed mineralization

Osteitis fibrosa cystica(von

recklinghausen’s disease)
 In hyperparathyroidism
 Tumour of jaw ,spreading and loosening of
teeth.
 Radiological examination-mottled appearance
of alveolar bone,missing lamina dura
&thickened periodontal ligament&thin bony
trabeculae.
 Paget’s disease(osteitis deformans)
 Replacement of normal bone by osteoid

tissue.
 Mandible enlarged showing ‘cotton wool’

appearance in radiograph
 Dietary recommendations

Infancy
 Rapidly growing period

 Req-100-125cal/kg

 Milk main food

 Provides all nutrients like protein ,calcium,phosphorus & vit-

D
Childhood
 2-5years

 Growth rate & apetite reduced

 Minerals,calcium,phosphorus & vit-D needed in greater

amount.
Adolescence
 Rapid growth &development

 Growth spurt begins in girls at 11yrs& boys at 15yrs

 Food requirement is highest.

 Fruit juices ,raw fruits ,vegetables,milk&cheese are

recommended
Adulthood
 Constant supply of all nutrients is required to maintain
&repair tissues.
 Food should be low in calorie but high in minerals
&vitamins.
Old age
 Calorie needs are reduced.
 Decreased physical activity &slowing down of metabolism.
 Protein rich food fruits & vegetables,bread&cereals are recommended.
Pregnancy & lactation
 1st trimester-weight gain-2kg
 2nd trimester-200g/week
 3rd trimester-400g/week
 Proteins,minerals ,vitamins,calcium,phosphorus,iron,folic acid are
recommended.
 Flouride injection help in healthy tooth development.
 Lactation
 Should take 1 &1/2L milk,fresh fruits &vegetables.
 Conclusion
Dietary management involves making
modifications in the diet and also changing the
frequency of feeding.A simple dietary change
can help cure or control a disease.
Promoting preventive measures in dealing
with nutritional problems or high risk groups in
the population.Thus we should always have a
strong emphasis on prevention.
Thank you