Trigonometric

Ratios
Malvika Kaushik

X–B
Roll no. 25
 What Is Trigonometry ?
 It is that branch of mathematics that
deals with the measurement of angles
and the problems allied with angles.
 The word “Trigonometry” is derived
from Greek words ‘tri’ (meaning
three), ‘gon’ (meaning sides) and
‘metron’ (meaning measure).
 It is used to find Distances and Heights
of objects in real life.
 WHAT IS TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS ?
A TRIGON OM ETRIC RATIO is a rat io
of t he lengt hs of t wo sides in a right
t riangle.
 We define the ratios in trigonometry as
“TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS”.

Trigonom et ric rat ios are also known as

“ T-RATIOS” .
 HOW TO USE
TRIGONOMETRY ?
A
 Take the right-angled
triangle ABC. Hy
p ot
en
 Notice that A and C are us

Base
e
acute angles and B is
right angle.
 Acute angles are taken B C
Perpendicular
under consideration
for finding T-ratios.

 FIRST, LABEL THE SIDES
 Let’stake angle A
under A
consideration.
Hy
 p ot
en
 Each side is given a us

Base
e
label in relation
to angle ‘A’.
There is the B C
hypotenuse, Perpendicular

perpendicular
and base side.
SO, NOW THE
TRIGONOMETRY
 As previously A

mentioned, the
Hy
trigonometric po
te
nu
functions: sine, cosine se
,tangent , cosecant ,

Base
secant and cotangent
C
are ratios of the sides B
Perpendicular
in relation to angle
‘A’.

 THE RATIOS ARE AS
FOLLOWS
Sine A
Also written as sin A


A
Cosine A
Also written as cos A

Tangent A
Also written as tan A

Cosecant A
Also written as cosec A

B C


Secant A
Also written as sec A

Cotangent A
Also written as cot A
 FIRSTLY, Sin A

The rat io sine is A

short ened t o “ sin” . Hy

p ot
en
per us
sin A =
e

Base
hyp
B C
Perpendicular
Possible values of sine A
are bet ween 0 and 1.
 SECONDLY, Cos A
The rat io cosine is A
short ened t o “ cos” . Hy
p ot
en
us
base e

Base
cos A =
hyp
B C
Perpendicular
As wit h sine A, possible
values of cosine A are
bet ween 0 and 1.
 THIRDLY, Tan A
The rat io t angent is A
short ened t o “ t an” . Hy
p ot
en
us
per e

Base
tan A =
base
B C
Perpendicular
Any value for t angent A
is possible, bot h
posit ive and negat ive.
 FORTHLY, Cot A
A

Hy
The ratio cotangent is p ot
en
shortened to “cot”. us
e

Base
base B C

cot A =
Perpendicular

per
FIFTHLY, Sec A
A

Hy
The ratio secant is p ot
en
shortened to “sec”. us
e

Base
C
hyp B
Perpendicular

sec A =
base
AND FINALLY Cosec A
A

Hy
The ratio cosecant is p ot
en
shortened to “cosec”. us
e

Base
hyp B
Perpendicular
C

cos ecA =
per
 HOW TO REMEMBER THEM?
 Here is a very simple way of learning them!


 (Pandit Badri Prasad)

 P B P = sin cos
tan
 H H B cosec sec
cot
 (Har Har Bhole)
 sin A = P/H cos A = B/H tan A = P/B
 cot A = B/P sec A = H/B cosec A =
  Cosec A = 1
 Sin A
RECI
PROC
AL
RELA
TION

FEW
POIN  Sec A = 1
TS
ON
 Cos A
 Tan A = sin A
TRIG TIENT
QUO
  cos A
ONO RELA 


MET ON
TION
 Cot A = cos A
T-
RIC RATIO
S

 Cot A = sin
1 A
RATI 
OS  Tan A

 Tan A x Cot A = 1
 FOR EXAMPLE :
per 8 4
sin A = = =
hyp 10 5
C
base 6 =3
cos A = =
hyp 10 5
per 8 4
tan A = = = (H) (P)
base 6 3
base 10 8
cot A = 6 3
per = =
8 4
hyp 10 5
sec A = = = A 6 (B)
B
base 6 3
hyp 10 5
cos ecA = = =
per 8 4
 EXAMPLE 1 :
 Finding the Value of Trigonometric
Ratio


 sin A, cos A, tan A, cosec A, sec A and

cot A.
 A
17
8

C B
15
 SOLUTION :

Sin A =
P 15 H 17

= cos ecA = =
H 17 P 15
B 8 H 17
Cos A = = sec A = =
H 17 B 8
P 15 B 8
Tan A = = cot A = =
B 8 P 15
 EXAMPLE 2:
 Find the values of all the trigonometric ratios of  .

Pythagoras Theorem:
?
4 (3)² + (4)² = c²
θ 5=c

3
 SOLUTION :
P 4 B 3
sin θ = = cotθ = =
H 5 P 5
B 3 H 5
cosθ = = secθ = =
P 5 B 3

P 4 H 5
tanθ = = cosecθ = =
B 3 P 4
 EXAMPLE 3:
 If tan A=4/3 then calculate sinA.cosA

SOLUTION
: A

P BC 4
TanA = = =
B AB 3 3k
Therefore BC=4k,AB=3k, where k is any
positive number.
Now, by using Pythagoras theorem we have B C
4k
AC2 = AB2 + BC2
=(3K)2 +(4K)2
=9K2 + 16K2
AC2 =25K2
AC=5K
 SOLUTION :
P BC 4k 4
sin A = = = = A
B AC 5k 5
B AB 3k 3
cos A = = = = 3k 5K

H AC 5k 5
B C
4k
4 3 12
sin A. cos A = × =
5 5 25
Answer= 12/25
 COMMON ERROR :
ALERT!!!!!
Students tend to make simple mistakes by
mislabeling the perpendicular and base

To overcom e t his m ist ake first det erm ine t he

Hypot enuse.

The side opposit e t o acut e angle under

Considerat ion is t he perpendicular.
“There is perhaps nothing which so
occupies the
middle position of mathematics as
trigonometry”