Solid as Described by the Inequalities

Lesson 5

At the end of the lesson you should be able to:

1. Plot points whose spherical coordinates are given.
2. Identify the surface whose equation is given.
3. Sketch the solid.

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 Plotting of Spherical Coordinates

The spherical coordinates ( ,  ,  ) of a point P in

space are defined as:
 - distance from P to origin . It is an equation of a
sphere about the origin with radius a
 - same as cylindrical coordinate
 - angle between the positive z-axis and the line
from P to origin

See Figure 1
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 z

( x, y , z )
P (r , , z )
(, , )
  Note :
y a spherical coordinate would
 r be easier to plot in the three
dimensional space if it will be
(x,y,0) changed to rectangular
x coordinates!
(r, , 0)

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Example 1:
Plot the spherical point (1, 0, 0).

x   sin  cos  1sin 0 cos 0  0 z

y   sin  sin  1sin 0 sin 0  0
1  (1,0,0)
z   cos   1cos 0  1

(,  ,  )  ( x , y , z ) y
( 1, 0 , 0 )  ( 0 , 0 ,1 ) 0

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Example 2:
 
Plot the spherical point (1 , , ) .
6 6
z
  3
x  1sin cos   0.433
6 6 4
  1

y  1sin sin   0.25 
6 6 4 6

 3 y
z  1 cos   0.866 0
6 2 
6
 
(1, , )  ( 0.433, 0.25 , 0.866) x
6 6

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 Example 3:
 
Plot the spherical point ( 2 , , ) .
3 4

x  2 sin cos 
 2
 0.707
z
4 3 2
  6
y  2 sin sin   1.22
4 3 2
 
z  2 cos  1.414
4 
  4 
(2 , , )  ( 0.707 ,1.22 ,1.414 ) 0
3 4 y
3
x

Where is the spherical point ( 3 , 0 ,  ) ?

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 Surface Identification
Remember this!
It is easier to identify the surface if the given equation
is expressed in rectangular form.

Example 1:
Identify the surface given   3.
2  x 2  y 2  z 2
  x2  y2  z 2  3
9  x 2  y 2  z 2 ( SPHERE )

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Example 2:
Given  cos   2 , identify the surface.
Recall that
z   cos  therefore,
z  2 ( A PLANE )

Example 3:
Given   2 cos  .

2  2 z
Answer: ( A SPHERE )
x  y  z  2z
2 2 2

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 Example 4:
Given  2 ( sin 2  cos 2   cos 2  ) . 4What is the surface?

Answer: A circular cylinder

Given  2
 6  8  0 . Identify the surface.

TRY!!!

Answer: A sphere

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 Solid with Given Inequalities

To sketch of a solid given some conditions you

should always recall traces. Let us try!
Example 1: z
r2  z  2  r2 2
x2  y2  z  2  x2  y2 2

0 y
2
2

Answer : A circular paraboloid x

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 Example 2:

Given 0 , r  z2
2 z

z  2 ( Plane)
Z=2
rz x2  y2  z
0 y
 x y  z
2 2 2
( Cone) 
z=2
x
The part of the cone which
is in the first octant. z=r

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 Example 3:

Given  2 , 0   
3
z
2  x 2  y 2  z 2
22  x 2  y 2  z 2 2

3

0 y

0 restricts the
3
solid of that section of x
this ball that lies above the
cone   
3
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 Do Nos.
35, 43 , 46, 47, 59, 60
On page 879

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