NGHIN CU GLYCYRRHIZIN T CY CAM THAO

A. SAPONIN

inh nghia: Saponin l mt nhm glycosid ln, gp rng ri trong thc vt, cng c trong mt s ng vt nh hi sm, c sao. Co mt s tinh cht sau: Tinh to bt nhiu khi lc vi nc. Tinh pha huyt. c vi c. Kch ng nim mc gy ht hi, mt, c tc dng long m, li tiu. C th to phc vi cholesterol hoc vi cc cht 3-bhydroxysteroid khc.

Tinh cht

Saponin a s c v ng tr mt s nh glycyrrhizin c trong cam tho bc, abrusosid trong cam tho dy, c v ngt. Saponin tan trong nc, alcol, rt t tan trong aceton, ether, hexan do ngi ta dng 3 dung mi ny ta saponin. Saponin c th b ta bi ch acetat, bari hydroxyd, ammoni sulfat. Saponin kh b thm tch, ngi ta da vo tnh cht ny tinh ch saponin trong qu trnh chit xut.

Cu truc hoa hoc:

Phn ng:

Phn ng ni vo OH C-3 ca aglycon. Cho n nay ngi ta bit khong 40 loi ng khc nhau nh D-glucose, L-ramnose, D-fucose Nhng ng ny c cc c tnh sau: d b thu phn, cho phn ng mu vi thuc th Kele-Kiliani, thuc th Xanthydrol. Mch ng c th l monosacarit hoc oligosacarit. Ngi ta nhn thy rng glucose bao gi cng pha cui mch.

Phn aglycon (genin)

Phn aglycon chia lam 2 loai va cung da vao o phn loai saponin. Saponin triterpenoid: Phn aglycon ca saponin triterpenoid c 30 cacbon, cu to bi 6 n v hemiterpen v chia lm 2 nhm

Phn aglycon
Saponin triterpenoid pentacyclic: phn aglycon ca nhm ny c cu trc gm 5 vng v phn ra thnh cc nhm nh: olean, ursan, lupan, hopan.

Phn aglycon
Saponintriterpenoid tetracyclic: phn aglycon c cu trc 4 vng v phn thnh 3 nhm chnh: dammanran, lanostan, cucurbitan.

Phn aglycon

Saponin steroid: Gm cc nhm chnh: spirostan, furostan, aminofurostan, piroalan, solanidan.

Cng dung

Saponin l hot cht chnh trong cc dc liu cha ho nh vin ch, ct cnh, cam tho, thin mn, mch mn... Mt s dc liu cha saponin c tc dng thng tiu nh rau m, t gii, thin mn, mch mn,... Saponin c mt trong mt s v thuc b nh nhn sm, tam tht v mt s cy thuc h nhn sm khc. Saponin lm tng s thm ca t bo; s c mt ca saponin s lm cho cc hot cht khc d ho tan v hp thu, v d trng hp digitonin trong l Digital.

B. NGHIN CU VA CHIT TACH GLYCYRRHIZIN T CY CAM THAO

Gii thiu v cy Cam tho

Tn khoa hc: Glycyrrhiza glabra thuc H u. M t: Cy nh mc nhiu nm, c mt h thng r v thn ngm rt pht trin. Thn yu, l kp lng chim l, l cht hnh trng. Hoa hnh bm mu tm nht; Qu loi u, c lng cng B phn dng:R hoc thn r phi hay sy kh.

Gii thiu v cy Cam tho

Thnh phn ha hc: R ca Cm tho cha glucid 4,710,97%, tinh bt 4,17-5,92%. Hot cht thuc nhm sapanosid l glycyrrhizin; thuc nhm flavonoid l liquiritin, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, isoliquiritigenin, neo-liquiritin, neoisoliquiritin, licurazid.

Glycyrrhizin

Glycyrrhizin l mt saponin thuc nhm olean, hm lng t 10-14% trong dc liu kh, ch c trong b phn di mt t, c v rt ngt. Glycyrrhizin tinh khit dng bt kt tinh trng d tan trong nc nng, cn long, khng tan trong ether v chloroform. Glycyrrhizin trong cy di dng mui Mg v Ca ca acid glycyrrhizic (cn gi l acid glycyrrhizinic).

Glycyrrhizin

Cu trc ha hc: Di tc dng ca acid v c, acid glycyrrhizic b y ra khi mui ca n. Khi thy phn bng acid th cho phn aglycon l acid glycyrrhetic v 2 phn t acid glucuronic. Acid glycyrrhetic c mt OH C3 (2 phn t acid glucuronic ni vo ), mt nhm carbonyl C11, mt ni i C-12-13 v C-30 l nhm carboxyl. Cng thc phn t: C42H62O16

Chit tach glycyrrhizin t cam thao

1.Nguyn tc: Glycyrrhizin dng bt kt tinh trng d tan trong nc nng, cn long, khng tan trong ether v chloroform. Vi vy ta co th dung mt trong 2 phng phap chit: + Chit bng cn: loai tap cht bng ete chit bng cn 90 , bc hi cn, hoa tan trong nc, tua axit glycyrrhizic trong nc bng H2SO4, ra tua bng nc a ri hoa tan lai trong cn 95 si, bc hi cn ta thu c san phm. + Chit bng nc:chit bt cam thao vi nc ri axit hoa kt tua, ra kt tua ri hoa tan trong amoniac, bc hi thu san phm. *Hoc ta kt hp 2 phng phap trn: chit vi metanol-nc theo ti l 4-1, loai metanol di ap sut giam.

1.Nguyn tc

Glycyrrhizin trong cy di dng mui Mg v Ca ca axit glycyrrhizic, di tc dng ca acid v c, acid glycyrrhizic b y ra khi mui ca n nn trong qua trinh chit phai co mt cua axit v c.

2.Quy trinh chit tach:

Nguyn liu: r va thn ngm ao ln ra sach t cat, ct bo r con, u ng lam cho mau tr nn vang, sau o thai mong, phi (sy) kh, tan bt. Bt phai co mau vang sang, mi thm, v ngt mi at yu cu. hn ch bt kh khn trong qu trnh ly trch nn c giai on loi tp s b.

2.Quy trinh chit tach:

Dung mi chit: cn 75 co mt HCl Phng phap chit: chit ngm kit va theo phng phap chit ngc dong at c hiu sut cao.

2.Quy trinh chit tach:

Ngm bt cam thao vi ete du hoc ete trong vi gi n mt ngy loai cht beo. Chit lin tc bng Soxhlet hoc hi lu vi cn 75 co mt HCl. Ba ra lai vi cn. Bc hi cn ap sut giam, hoa tan cn trong nc. Tua axit glycyrrhizic trong nc bng axit sufuric. Ly tm ly tua, ra tua bng nc a ri hoa tan lai trong cn 95 si Bc hi cn, thu c axit glycyrrhizic

SAN PHM

Glycyrrhizin trn th trng l mui ammoni glycyrrhizat thu c bng cch chit bt cam tho vi nc ri acid ho kt ta, ra ta ri li ho tan trong ammoniac, bc hi trong cc khay mt bng s thu c nhng vy mu en nht, bng, tan trong nc v rt ngt.