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DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

APPLICATIONS IN MEDICAL

D.Mahalakshmi II.M.SC.(ECS)

MEDICAL IMAGING

is the technique and process used to create images of the human body.  Imaging of organs and tissues can be performed for medical reasons, such procedures are not usually referred to as medical imaging.  It is generally equated as radiology.
 Medical imaging

TYPES OF RADIOGRAPHY
Projection Radiography commonly known as x-rays determine the type and extent of a fracture. With the use of radio-opaque contrast media, such as barium, they can also be used to visualize the structure of the stomach and intestines - this can help diagnose ulcers or certain types of colon cancer. Fluoroscopy - produces real-time images of internal structures of the body. But employs a constant input of x-rays

Advantages of Digital Radiology


 No

Darkroom  No Chemical Processing  Lower Cost Per Image  Instant Viewing of Images  Less Radiation to Patient  Image Processing and Analysis  Transmission of Images for Consultation

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)


uses powerful magnets to polarize and excite hydrogen, producing a detectable signal which is spatially encoded, resulting in images of the body. 3 Electro Magnetic fields: static magnetic field to polarize the hydrogen nuclei, called the static field; a weaker time-(1KHZ) gradient field(s); weak radio-frequency (RF) field.

Cont
Like CT, MRI traditionally creates a two dimensional image of a thin "slice" of the body. Modern MRI instruments are capable of producing images in the form of 3D blocks.

Brain MRI
No health hazards

NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Nuclear medicine encompasses both diagnostic imaging and treatment of disease, Scintigraphy ("scint") is a form of diagnostic test wherein radioisotopes are taken internally, Then, gamma camera capture and form twodimensional images from the radiation emitted by the radiopharmaceuticals. Diagnosis of tuberculosis

Tomography
Tomography is the method of imaging a single plane. Linear tomography: This is the most basic form of tomography. The X-ray tube moved from point "A" to point "B" above the patient, while the cassette holder moves simultaneously under the patient from point "B" to point "A. Computed Tomography or Computed Axial Tomography is a latest generation which traditionally produces a 2D image.

Ultrasound
 Medical

ultrasonography uses high frequency broadband sound waves in the megahertz range that are reflected by tissue to varying degrees to produce (up to 3D) images. This is commonly associated with imaging the fetus in pregnant women.

CREATION OF 3 DIMENSIONAL
Recently, techniques have been developed to enable CT, MRI and ultrasound scanning software to produce 3D images for the physician. To produce 3D images, many scans are made, then combined by computers to produce a 3D model. In diagnosing of gall stone.

OTHER TECHNIQUES
Diffuse optical tomography Elastography Electrical impedance tomography Optoacoustic imaging Ophthalmology A-scan B-scan Corneal topography Optical coherence tomography Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy

Compression of medical images


 Medical

imaging techniques produce very large amounts of data, especially from CT, MRI.

 As

a result, storage and communications of electronic image data are prohibitive without the use of compression. JPEG 2000 is the state-of-the-art image compression

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