Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ETAP
Transient Stability Analysis Star Device Coordination Analysis Short Circuit Analysis ANSI / IEEE
select a Power Grid (Utility) element by clicking on the Power Grid button.. Click anywhere in the OLV to place a Utility on your one-line diagram
connect the elements in the one-line by clicking and dragging element to the connection pin of another element. Notice that a node is automatically inserted when connecting the cable to the transformer.
Enter the values for the elements shown in the figure above referring to the Editing Element Properties leaflet.
voltage source at the fault location, which equals the prefault voltage at the location, replaces all external voltage sources and machine internal voltage sources.
Three different impedance networks are formed to calculate momentary, interrupting, and steady-state short circuit currents, and corresponding fault current duties for various protective devices. These networks are: cycle and 30 cycle network (steady-state network). ANSI/IEEE Standards recommend the use of separate R and X networks to calculate X/R values. An X/R ratio is obtained for each individual faulted bus and short circuit current. This X/R ratio is then used to determine the multiplying factor to account for the system DC offset.
Event page change the Total Simulation Time to 10 seconds You can start or switch off individual loads You can add an event by selecting the Event page Open Syn1 s editor Acceleration Time (Static Starting) fields
Go to Model page go to dynamic model and select any category other than none
Induction Motor Data Required data for motor starting calculations for induction motors includes: Induction Motor ID Rated kW/hp and kV Power factors and efficiencies at 100%, 75%, and 50% loading Loading Category ID and % Loading Equipment cable data Static Load Data Required data for motor starting calculation for static loads includes: Static Load ID Rated kVA/MVA and kV Power factors at 100%, 75%, and 50% loading Loading Category ID and % Loading Equipment cable data MOV Data Required data for motor starting calculation for MOV includes: MOV ID Rated kW/hp and kV Current, PF, and time for each operation stage Equipment cable data Capacitor Data Required data for motor starting calculation for capacitor includes: Capacitor ID Rated kV, kvar/bank and number of banks Loading category ID and % Loading Equipment cable data Lumped Load Data Required data for motor starting calculation for lumped load includes: Load ID Rated kV, MVA, power factor, and % for motor load Loading category ID and % Loading Additional Data for Starting Motors For Static Motor Starting studies, the additional data includes: Motor locked-rotor impedance and power factor Motor acceleration time at no load and full load Start and final percent loading and begin and end of load change time Starting device data when needed No load and full load accelerated time (for static motor starting)
Go to Display Options in the Load Flow Toolbar to change the format of the results.
Go to Alert View button in the load flow toolbar to view any overload problems. This will open a window containing a list of undersized equipment. Click on Report Manager in the Load Flow toolbar, and go to the Result page and select Load Flow Report to output a more detailed and organized representation of the results in different formats
Check the results for marginal or critical flags in the Alert View window. The criteria for which a condition is flagged can be changed in the Load Flow Study Case editor.
Open the LTC settings window by clicking on the LTC box and change the Regulated Bus ID to Bus1. Click OK for both the LTC window and the Transformer Editor window.
After running the Load Flow study, you can analyze the output data for different elements in a very compact and summarized way by using the Load Flow Results Analyzer. To do so, click on the Load Flow Result Analyzer button in the Load Flow toolbar. Select the different reports that you want to consider from the Study Reports field. If you want to compare output reports from other projects along with the current project, you can select All Project in Active Directory from the Project Report field. The other projects must be in the same directory as your current project.
Select the report type from the Report Type field. The example above shows results for Loads. After selecting Loads, select the Load Types and Load Info to display. Select the units to display the results in, and the different fields that you want to display. In addition, you can create your own alerts and enable them from the Alert field.
Bus Data
Branch data is entered into the Branch Editors, i.e., Transformer, Transmission Line, Cable, Reactor, and Impedance editors. Required data for load flow calculations for branches includes:
Branch Z, R, X, or X/R values and units, tolerance, and temperature, if applicable Cable and transmission line, length, and unit Transformer rated kV and kVA/MVA, tap, and LTC settings Impedance base kV and base kVA/MVA
Power Grid Data
Required data for load flow calculations for power grids includes:
Operating mode (Swing, Voltage Control, Mvar Control, or PF Control) Nominal kV %V and Angle for swing mode %V, MW loading, and Mvar limits (Qmax & Qmin) for Voltage Control mode MW and Mvar loading, and Mvar limits Mvar Control mode MW loading and PF, and Mvar limits for PF Control mode
Synchronous Generator Data
Required data for load flow calculations for synchronous generators includes:
Operating mode (Swing, Voltage Control, or Mvar Control) Rated kV %V and Angle for swing mode of operation %V, MW loading, and Mvar limits (Qmax and Qmin) for Voltage Control mode MW and Mvar loading, and Mvar limits Mvar Control mode MW loading and PF, and Mvar limits for PF Control mode
Note: The Mvar limits (Qmax and Qmin) can also be calculated from the capability curve. The required additional data for this calculation includes: All data on the Capability page Synchronous reactance (Xd) Inverter Data Required data for load flow calculations for inverters includes: Inverter ID DC and AC rating data AC output voltage regulating data Synchronous Motor Data Required data for load flow calculations for synchronous motors includes: Rated kW/hp and kV Power factors and efficiencies at 100%, 75%, and 50% loadings % Loading for desired Loading Category Equipment cable data Induction Motor Data Required data for load flow calculations for induction motors includes: Rated kW/hp and kV Power factors and efficiencies at 100%, 75%, and 50% loadings % Loading for desired Loading Category Equipment cable data Static Load Data Required data for load flow calculations for static loads includes: Static Load ID Rated kVA/MVA and kV Power factor % Loading for desired Loading Category Equipment cable data Capacitor Data Required data for load flow calculations for capacitors includes:
Conventional Load ID Rated kV, kVA/MVA, power factor, and % motor load % Loading for desired Loading Category Unbalanced Load ID Rated kV, kVA/MVA, power factor, % motor load, and % static load % Loading for desired Loading Category Exponential Load ID Rated kV, P0, Q0, a, and b % Loading for desired Loading Category Polynomial Load ID Rated kV, P0, Q0, p1, p2, q1, and q2 % Loading for desired Loading Category Comprehensive Load ID Rated kV, P0, Q0, a1, a2, b1, b2, p1, p2, p3, p4, q1, q2, q3, and q4 % Loading for desired Loading Category Charger and UPS Data Required data for load flow calculations for chargers and UPSincludes: Element ID Rated AC kV, MVA, and power factor, as well as DC rating data % Loading for desired Loading Category HV DC Link Data Required data for load flow calculations for HVDC links includes: Element ID All data on the Rating page is required for Load Flow calculations Inverter current margin (Im) SVC Data Required data for load flow calculations for SVCincludes: Element ID Rated kV Inductive Rating (Either QL, IL, or BL) Capacitive Rating (Either QC, IC, or BC) Max Inductive Rating (Either QL(Max), or IL(Max)) Max Capacitive Rating (Either Q , or I )
Comprehensive Load ID Rated kV, P0, Q0, a1, a2, b1, b2, p1, p2, p3, p4, q1, q2, q3, and q4 % Loading for desired Loading Category Charger and UPS Data Required data for load flow calculations for chargers and UPSincludes: Element ID Rated AC kV, MVA, and power factor, as well as DC rating data % Loading for desired Loading Category HV DC Link Data Required data for load flow calculations for HVDC links includes: Element ID All data on the Rating page is required for Load Flow calculations Inverter current margin (Im) SVC Data Required data for load flow calculations for SVCincludes: Element ID Rated kV Inductive Rating (Either QL, IL, or BL) Capacitive Rating (Either QC, IC, or BC) Max Inductive Rating (Either QL(Max), or IL(Max)) Max Capacitive Rating (Either QC(Min), or IC(Min)) Note: QC, QC(Min), and BL must be entered as a negative value Panel Data Required data for load flow calculations for panels includes: Element ID Rated kV and Amps Number of Branch Circuits Loading and %Loading Phasing, Number of Poles, and State Connection Type, i.e. Internal, External, Spare, etc. Other Data There are some study case related data, which must also be provided. This includes: Method (Newton-Raphson, Fast-Decoupled, or Accelerated Gauss-Seidel) Max Iteration Precision Acceleration Factor (when Accelerated Gauss-Seidel method is selected)