Chuyn

Thit k o -ng mm 22tcn 211-06 211H tn : Nguyn Mnh Hng B mn : Giao thng th Khoa K thut h tng v MT th

h ni - 2007

Ch-ng 1. quy nh chung I.1 Phm vi p dng

- Tiu chun ny quy nh cc yu cu v thit k cu to v tnh ton c-ng o -ng mm trn -ng t cao tc, -ng t cp hng thit k khc nhau, trn cc -ng th, -ng t chuyn dng trong c tr-ng hp o -ng lm mi v tr-ng hp nng cp, ci to o -ng c vi nh ngha v o -ng mm - Ngoi o -ng trn phn xe chy, trong tiu chun ny cng quy nh cc yu cu thit k i vi kt cu o -ng trn phn l c gia c v kt cu o -ng trn cc -ng bn b tr dc cc -ng cao tc hoc dc cc -ng t cp I, cp II. II. - Lm c s tnh ton nh gi kh nng lm vic ca kt cu o -ng mm trn cc tuyn -ng hin hu nhm phc v cho vic t chc khai thc, sa cha, bo tr -ng b. ch tr b. - Khi thit k o -ng mm c th p dng cc tiu chun hoc quy trnh khc nu -c s chp thun ca ch u t- hoc cc c quan c thm tr quyn quyt nh. nh. - Khi p dng quy trnh ny ng thi phi tun th cc yu cu thit tr k nu trong iu 8 ca TCVN 4054 : 2005 v yu cu v vt liu trong cc tiu chun ngnh

I. 2 Cc thut ng
I.2.1 Kt cu o -ng mm - Cn gi l o -ng mm - gm c tng mt lm bng cc vt liu ht hoc cc vt liu ht c trn nha hay t-i nha -ng v tng mng lm bng cc loi vt liu khc nhau t trc tip trn khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng hoc trn lp y mng. mng. - Tng mt o -ng mm cp cao c th c nhiu lp gm lp to nhm, to phng hoc lp bo v, lp hao mn trn cng (y l cc lp khng tnh vo b dy chu lc ca kt cu ri n lp mt trn v lp mt d-i l cc lp chu lc quan trng tham gia vo vic hnh thnh c-ng ca kt cu o -ng mm. mm. - Tng mng cng th-ng gm lp mng trn v lp mng d-i (cc lp ny cng c th kim chc nng lp thot n-c). n-c). - Ty loi tng mt, tu cp hng -ng v l-ng xe thit k, kt cu o -ng c th cc tng lp nu trn nh-ng cng c th ch gm mt, hai lp m nhim nhiu chc nng. ng.

1.2.2 Khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng

Khu vc ny l phn thn nn -ng trong phm vi bng 80-100cm 80-100cm k t y kt cu o -ng tr xung. l phm vi nn -ng cng xung. vi kt cu o -ng chu tc dng ca ti trng bnh xe truyn xung. xung. -ng c nhiu xe nng chy nh- -ng cao tc, cp I, cp II v -ng chuyn dng th dng tr s ln. Trong TCVN 4054 : 2005 mc th ln. 7.1.2.1 khu vc ny -c xc nh chung l 80cm k t y o -ng 80cm tr xung. xung. Thut ng ny t-ng -ng vi t subgrade trong ting Anh chuyn ng ngnh. ngnh.

1.2.3 Kt cu nn o -ng
Kt cu nn o -ng hay kt cu tng th nn mt -ng gm kt cu o -ng trn v phn khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng d-i. d-i. Thit k tng th nn mt -ng c ngha l ngoi vic ch trng cc gii php thit k cu to kt cu o -ng cn phi ch trng n cc gii php nhm tng c-ng c-ng v n nh c-ng i vi khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng. -ng.

1.2.4 Lp y mng
Lp y mng c cc chc nng sau: sau: To mt lng -ng chu lc ng nht (ng u theo b rng), c sc chu ti tt; tt; Ngn chn m thm t trn xung nn t v t d-i ln tng Ng mng o -ng; -ng; To hiu ng e bo m cht l-ng m nn cc lp mng pha trn; trn; To iu kin cho xe my i li trong qu trnh thi cng o -ng tr khng gy h- hi nn t pha d-i (nht l khi thi tit xu). xu). Thut ng lp y mng t-ng -ng vi cc t capping layer hoc ng improved subgrade trong ting Anh. Anh.

1.2.5 Mng mm
L cc lp mng lm bng cc loi vt liu ht nh- cp phi dm; cp phi si cui, ct, t dnh; cp phi i; x ph thi cng nghip; dnh; i; nghip; dm; t hoc cc lp mng lm bng cc loi vt liu ht c gia c cc loi nha -ng. -ng.

1.2.6 Mng na cng

L cc lp mng lm bng vt liu ht c gia c cht lin kt v c (xi mng, vi, vi v tro bay ) bay

Tng m t

o - ng (ha y kt c u o - ng )

L p t o nh m (nu c ) L p m (Surfa c ing ) t

(Pa ve m e nt struc ture )

Tng m ng

L p m ng tr n (Ba se )

L p m ng d - i (Sub -b a se )

Khu vc t c d ng 80-100 c m

L p y m ng (C a p p ing la ye r)

Hnh 1-1: S cc tng, lp ca kt cu o -ng mm v kt cu 1nn - o -ng

(Sub g ra d e )

(Kt c u t th nn m - ng ) ng t

Kt c u nn o - ng

1.2.7 Vt liu ht Vt liu ht l mt tp hp cc ht ri c kch c t 0 n D (D l kch c ht ln nht) trong c-ng lin kt gia cc ht lun nh hn gi nhiu so vi c-ng bn thn mi ht v do c-ng chung ca mt lp vt liu ht -c c tr-ng bng sc chng ct tr-t ca lp. lp. Lp kt cu bng vt liu ht khng c tnh lin khi. khi. 1.2.8 Tng mt cp cao A1 L loi tng mt c lp mt trn bng b tng nha cht loi I trn nng (theo Quy trnh cng ngh thi cng v nghim thu mt -ng tr b tng nha, 22 TCN 249). 249) 1.2.9 Tng mt cp cao th yu A2 L loi tng mt c lp mt bng b tng nha cht loi II trn nng (theo Quy trnh cng ngh thi cng v nghim thu mt -ng b tr tng nha, 22 TCN 249) hoc b tng nha ngui trn c lng nha, 249) dm en trn c lng nha hoc bng lp thm nhp nha (theo "Tiu chun k thut thi cng v nghim thu mt -ng dm thm nhp nha", 22 TCN 270) hay lp lng nha (theo "Tiu chun k thut 270) thi cng v nghim thu mt -ng lng nha", 22 TCN 271). 271)

1.2.10 Tng mt cp thp B1 L loi tng mt c lp mt bng cp phi dm, dm n-c, cp phi t nhin vi iu kin l pha trn chng phi c lp bo v ri rc -c th-ng xuyn duy tu bo d-ng (th-ng xuyn ri ct b v qut u ph kn b mt lp) 1.2.11 Tng mt cp thp B2 L loi tng mt c lp mt bng t ci thin hay bng t, ti ch gia c hoc ph thi cng nghip gia c cht lin kt v c vi iu kin l pha trn chng phi c lp hao mn v lp bo v -c duy tu bo d-ng th-ng xuyn. xuyn. 1.2.12 S trc xe tiu chun tch lu trn mt ln xe trong sut thi hn thit k L tng s trc xe quy i v trc xe tiu chun 100 kN chy qua mt mt ct ngang trn mt ln xe ca on -ng thit k trong sut thi hn thit k kt cu o -ng. Cch xc nh thng s ny -ng. -c nu Khon A.2 Ph lc A.

1.2.13 L-ng giao thng gia tng bnh th-ng L l-ng giao thng gia tng hng nm trong mi tr-ng kinh t - x hi c t tr-c, khi ch-a thc hin cc d n lm mi hoc nng cp, ci to -ng v kt cu o -ng. -ng. 1.2.14 L-ng giao thng hp dn L l-ng giao thng c t tr-c nh-ng vn s dng cc ph-ng tin vn ti khc (-ng st, -ng thu ) hay vn i bng cc tuyn -ng thu t khc nh-ng sau khi lm -ng mi hoc sau khi nng cp, ci to kt cu o -ng c tr nn tt hn s chuyn sang s dng -ng mi. mi. 1.2.15 L-ng giao thng pht sinh L l-ng giao thng pht sinh thm nh s thun tin to ra do vic lm -ng mi (lm kt cu o -ng mi tt hn) v do -ng mi c tc dng thc y thm s pht trin kinh t - x hi trong vng. vng.

1.3 yu cu i vi kca v l gia c

1.3.1 Cc yu cu c bn Trong sut thi hn thit k, o -ng phi c c-ng v duy tr -c tr c-ng hn ch -c ti a cc tr-ng hp ph hoi ca xe c v ca cc yu t mi tr-ng t nhin (s thay i thi tit, kh hu; s xm hu; nhp ca cc ngun m ). C th l hn ch -c cc hin t-ng tch lu m bin dng dn n to vt hn bnh xe trn mt -ng, hn ch pht sinh hin t-ng nt n, hn ch bo mn v bong trc b mt, hn ch -c cc ngun m xm nhp vo cc lp kt cu v phn trn ca nn -ng trong phm vi khu vc tc dng, hoc phi m bo l-ng n-c xm nhp vo -c thot ra mt cch nhanh nht B mt kt cu o -ng mm phi m bo bng phng, nhm, d thot n-c mt v t gy bi p ng yu cu giao th ng an ton, m thun, kinh t, gim thiu tc dng xu n m i tr-ng hai bn -ng. -ng. Tu theo quy m giao th ng v tc xe chy cn thit, tu theo ngha v cp hng k thut ca -ng, kt cu o -ng thit k cn tho mn hai yu cu c bn nu trn nhng mc t-ng ng khc nhau. Cht nh nhau. l-ng b mt o -ng mm cng tt th chi ph vn doanh s cng gim th v thi hn nh k sa cha va trong qu trnh khai thc s -c tng ln. ch tr ln.

I.3.2 Thi hn thit k o -ng mm Thi hn ny -c xc nh tu thuc loi tng mt -c la chn cho kt cu I.3.3 Yu cu v bng phng o -ng phn xe chy cho t v o l gia c c cho xe th s i phi m bo b mt t -c bng phng yu cu thi im bt u -a -ng vo khai thc nh gi bng ch s o g gh quc t IRI bng phng cng -c nh gi bng th-c di 3m theo tiu chun ngnh 22 TCN 16 -79 Quy trnh xc nh bng phng mt tr -ng. -ng. o phn l gia c cho xe my hoc / v cho xe th s i cng phi t bng phng yu cu nh- i vi o -ng phn xe chy cho t lin k. k.

1.3.4 Yu cu v nhm nhm ca b mt kt cu o -ng l b tng nha phi t -c yu cu ti thiu quy nh thng qua ch tiu chiu su rc ct trung bnh tu thuc b tc chy xe yu cu v mc nguy him ca on -ng thit k. 1.3.5 V ln cho php ca kt cu o -ng Trong tr-ng hp kt cu o -ng trn on nn -ng qua vng t yu c kh nng pht sinh ln ln v ko di th phi bo m cc yu cu thit k n th v ln cho php nh- sau : 1. Sau khi thi cng xong kt cu o -ng, ln c kt cho php cn li trong thi hn thit k 15 nm tnh t khi -a kt cu o -ng vo khai thc n s dng ti tim -ng theo ng quy nh TK. i vi cc on -ng c loi tng mt l cp cao A1 nu Bng 1-3, nu 1ln cn li trong thi hn 15 nm k t khi lm xong o -ng v-t qu tr s quy n nh th mi cn phi c cc bin php x l t yu gim ln cn li th t yu cu i vi cc -ng c tc thit k t 40Km/h tr xung cng nh- cc -ng ch thit k kt cu o -ng mm cp cao A1 hoc cp thp th khng th cn cp n yu cu v ln c kt cn li khi thit k (iu ny cho ( php vn dng thit k kt cu o -ng theo nguyn tc phn k i vi cc -ng cp III tr xung nh- cp mc 2.1.5 nhm gim chi ph x l nn t yu).

1.4 Ni dung cng tc thit k o -ng mm Cng tc thit k o -ng mm gm cc ni dung ch yu sau: sau: - Thit k cu to kt cu nn o -ng: Ni dung chnh y l chn v b -ng: tr hp l cc lp vt liu ph hp vi chc nng v yu cu ca cc tng, lp o -ng nh- nu Ch-ng 2, chn cc gii php tng c-ng c-ng v s n nh c-ng ca khu vc tc dng (bao gm c cc gii php thot n-c nu cn, cho cc lp kt cu nn o -ng). -ng). Vic thit k cu to ny c ngha ht sc quan trng v thc t c nhiu yu cu nu trong Khon 1.3 khng th gii quyt bng bin php tnh ton, c bit l hn ch tc dng ph hoi b mt do xe c v do cc tc nhn mi tr-ng th ch c th gii quyt bng bin php cu to thch hp. th hp. - Tnh ton kim tra c-ng chung v c-ng trong mi lp kt cu o -ng xc nh b dy mi lp kt cu o -ng theo cc tiu chun gii hn cho php (-c quy nh v ch dn Ch-ng 3 trong tiu chun ny) - Tnh ton, thit k t l phi hp cc thnh phn ht v t l phi hp gia gi vt liu ht khong vi cht lin kt cho mi loi vt liu s dng ri kim nghim cc c tr-ng c hc ca cc vt liu -a ra yu cu c th i vi vt liu s dng cho mi lp kt cu. Ch rng khng nhng phi -a cu. nh ra -c t l phi hp cc thnh phn vt liu nhm t mc tiu thit k m cn phi -a ra -c t l phi hp cc thnh phn vt liu trong ch th v trong sn xut i tr khi tin hnh thit k k thut v thit k bn v thi cng. cng. - Ti cc on -ng c b tr siu cao u6%, trm thu ph, im dng xe th cn thit k tng c-ng c-ng kt cu o -ng. th -ng.

1.5 Ni dung v yu cu i vi c.tc .tra thu thp sltk 1.5.1 Ni dung iu tra thit k o -ng mm t -c cc yu cu nu Khon 1.3, t- vn thit k tr-c ht phi t chc iu tra, kho st, th nghim, thu thp v xc nh cc s liu v quy m giao thng, v loi t v cc c tr-ng c l ca nn t, v cc yu t tc ng mi tr-ng c nh h-ng n cc c tr-ng c hc ca nn t v cc lp kt cu o -ng, v kh nng cung cp vt liu v cc c tr-ng ca vt liu c th s dng lm cc lp o -ng, v iu kin thi cng, gi vt liu xy dng o -ng v iu kin duy tu, sa cha, khai thc -ng trn tuyn thit k. ch k. i vi d n ci to, tng c-ng o -ng c th ngoi cc ni dung nu trn th cn phi t chc o c xc nh b dy v vt liu cc lp kt cu c, quan trc nh gi c-ng ca kt cu nn o -ng c v nh gi cc ch tiu khai thc khc ca o -ng c 1.5.2 iu tra d bo l-u l-ng giao thng 1.5.3 Yu cu i vi vic iu tra kh nng tc ng ca cc ngun gy m 1.5.4 Yu cu i vi vic iu tra loi t nn v cc c tr-ng c l ca t nn 1.5.5 Yu cu v vic iu tra v th nghim vt liu lm cc lp o -ng: -ng:

Ch-ng II : Thit k cu to KCa

2.1 Nguyn tc thit k 2.1.2 Phi tun theo nguyn tc thit k tng th nn o -ng, tc l trong mi tr-ng hp phi ch trng cc bin php nng cao c-ng v s n nh c-ng ca khu vc tc dng to iu kin cho nn t tham gia chu lc cng vi o -ng n mc ti a, t gim -c b dy o -ng v h gi thnh xy dng. ng thi, cn phi s dng cc bin php dng. tng hp khc nhau (bin php s dng vt liu v t hp cc thnh phn vt liu, bin php thot n-c cho cc lp c kh nng b n-c xm nhp ) hn ch cc tc dng ca m v nhit n c-ng v bn ca mi tng, lp trong kt cu o -ng v c bit l bin php hn ch cc hin t-ng ph hoi b mt i vi lp mt trn cng do xe chy gy ra. ra. 2.1.2 Phi chn v b tr ng cc tng, lp vt liu trong kt cu o -ng sao cho ph hp vi chc nng ca mi tng, lp v bo m c kt cu p ng -c nhng yu cu c bn theo mc 1.3.1 ng thi ph hp vi kh nh nng cung ng vt liu, kh nng thi c ng v kh nng khai thc duy tu, sa ch cha, bo tr sau ny. tr ny. Phi s dng ti a cc vt liu v ph thi c ng nghip ti ch (s dng trc tip hoc c gia c chng bng cht kt dnh v c hoc hu c). c). Ngoi ra, phi ch trng vn dng cc kinh nghim v xy dng v khai thc o -ng trong iu kin c th ca a ph-ng -ng i qua. qua.

2.1.3 Cn xut t 2 n 3 ph-ng n cu to kt cu o -ng. Khi -ng. xut cc ph-ng n thit k cn phi ch trng n yu cu bo v mi tr-ng, yu cu bo m an ton giao thng v c yu cu v bo v sc kho, bo m an ton cho ng-i thi cng. cng. 2.1.4 Cn xt n ph-ng n phn k u t- trong thit k cu to kt cu o -ng. Trn c s ph-ng n cho quy hoch t-ng lai cn d tnh -ng. bin php tng c-ng b dy tng kh nng phc v ca o -ng ph hp vi yu cu xe chy tng dn theo thi gian. Ring i vi o -ng cao gian. tc v -ng cp I hoc cp II th khng nn xt n ph-ng n phn th k xy dng o -ng. -ng. 2.1.5 i vi cc on -ng c tng mt l loi cp cao A1 nh-ng qua vng t yu c kh nng pht sinh ln ln v ko di th c th thit k th kt cu nn o -ng theo nguyn tc phn k xy dng trn c s m bo cho tng mt cp cao A1 trn khng b h- hi do ln. Lc ln. thit k vn phi da vo l-ng giao thng cui thi hn thit k thit k kt cu v b dy nh-ng khi thi cng c th gim bt b dy tng mt t-ng ng vi thi gian phn k, i sau khi nn -ng i vo n nh mi ri tip lp mt b tng nha cp cao A1 hoc cc lp to phng, to nhm trn cng. cng.

2.2 Cu to tng mt v cc yu cu thit k

2.2.1 Chc nng v phn loi tng mt: mt: 1. Tng mt ca kt cu o -ng l b phn phi chu ng trc tip tc dng ph hoi ca xe c (c bit l d-i tc dng ph hoi b mt) v ca cc yu t bt li v thi tit, kh hu. Yu cu thit k cu to hu. tng mt l vt liu v b dy cc lp trong tng mt phi bo m chu ng -c cc tc dng ph hoi trc tip nu trn ng thi phi bo m -c cc yu cu s dng khai thc -ng v bng phng v nhm. Vt liu lm cc lp tng mt phi c tnh n nh nhit, n nhm. nh n-c v khng thm n-c (hoc hn ch thm n-c). n-c). 2. Tu theo mc m bo -c cc yu cu nu trn l cao hay thp, tng mt kt cu o -ng mm -c phn thnh 4 loi cp cao A1, cp cao A2, cp thp B1 v cp thp B2 vi nh ngha v mi loi nu cc mc 1.2.8, 1.2.9, 1.2.10 v 1.2.11. 11. 2.2.2 Chn loi tng mt: mt: Khi thit k cu to kt cu o -ng mm, tr-c ht phi cn c vo cp hng -ng, thi hn thit k v tham kho s trc xe tiu chun tch lu trn mt ln xe trong sut thi hn thit k chn loi tng mt thit k. Nu ch u t- khng c cc yu cu c bit g khc k. th c th tham kho Bng 2-1 chn loi tng mt thit k th

2.2.3 B tr lp to nhm trn tng mt cp cao A1 Trn tng mt cp cao A1 phi b tr lp to nhm kim chc nng lp hao mn to phng dy 1,5 3,0 cm bng b tng nha c nhm cao (theo 22 TCN 345 - 06) hoc lp to nhm bng hn hp nha thot 06) n-c dy 3 4cm trong cc tr-ng hp sau y: y: -ng cao tc (cc loi v cc cp); cp); -ng cp I, cp II v cp III ng bng (l cc -ng -c thit k vi tc thit k bng hoc ln hn 80Km/h); 80Km/h); Ghi ch: Lp hn hp thot n-c th-ng lm bng hn hp vt liu ht ch: cng trn vi nha bi tum polime c rng 15 -20%. Hin n-c ta 20% ch-a c tiu chun nn khi s dng cn th nghim tr-c. Lp ny -c tr-c. tnh vo b dy chu lc ca kt cu. cu. Trn tng mt cp cao A1 cc on -ng c bit nguy him c tc thit k t 60 Km/h tr ln cng nn xem xt vic b tr thm lp to nhm nu trn (nh- trn cc on dc di c dc ln hn 5% hoc cc on nn p cao qua vc su )

2.2.4 B tr lp hao mn,to nhm,to phng i vi tng mt cp cao A2 m nhn cc chc nng trn th-ng s dng lp lng nha (1, 2 hoc 3 lp theo 22 TCN 271) ri trn lp mt bng b tng nha h, dm 271) en, b tng nha ngui, lp thm nhp nha v c trn cc mt -ng nha c. Ring vi tng mt thm nhp nha th lp lng nha khng thi c. th cng thnh lp ring (xem 22 TCN 270). 270) 2.2.5 B tr lp hao mn hoc lp bo v trn mt -ng cp thp: thp: Trn cc loi tng mt cp thp B1 Bng 2-1 phi b tr lp hao mn bng cp phi ht nh hoc lp bo v ri rc; i vi cc -ng quan rc; trng hn c th b tr c lp hao mn v lp bo v. Trn mt -ng v. cp phi thin nhin th-ng ri lp hao mn; trn mt -ng dm n-c mn; v cp phi dm th-ng ri lp bo v ri rc. Cc lp ny phi -c duy rc. tu bng cch b sung vt liu th-ng xuyn, san gt ph kn b mt tng mt hn ch tc dng ph hoi ca xe c i vi tng mt v to phng cho mt -ng; -ng; Lp hao mn th-ng dy t 2 4cm -c lm bng cp phi ht nh c thnh phn ht nh- loi C, D, E trong 22 TCN 304 nh-ng nn c ch s do t 15-21. C th trn u ct v si to ra cp phi ht loi ny; 15-21. ny; Lp bo v th-ng dy 0,5-1,0cm bng ct th, ct ln mi, mt vi c ht ln nht l 4,75mm; 75mm; i vi mt -ng cp thp B2 khi c iu kin cng nn ri v duy tr tr lp bo v ri rc. rc.

2.2.6 B tr cc lp trong tng mt cp cao A1 y l cc lp ch yu cng vi tng mng v khu vc tc dng ca nn t to ra c-ng chung ca kt cu nn o -ng. Trong tr-ng hp -ng. tng mt cp cao A1, cc lp ny u phi bng cc hn hp vt liu ht c s dng nha -ng v lp trn cng phi bng b tng nha cht loi I trn nng. Cc lp pha d-i c th lm bng b tng nha nng. loi II, b tng nha rng, dm en, b tng nha ngui (trn nha lng hoc nh t-ng nha) v c thm nhp nha. nha. Tr-ng hp -ng cao tc, -ng cp I, cp II hoc -ng cp III c quy m giao thng ln th tng mt cp cao A1 c th b tr thnh 3 th lp hoc 2 lp. lp. Tr-ng hp b tr thnh 3 lp th c th b tr lp b tng nha cht th loi I ht nh trn cng vi b dy t 3,0 - 4,0cm ri n 4,0 6,0cm b tng nha ht trung v 5,0 6,0cm b tng nha ht ln. Hoc cng ln. c th b tr trn cng l lp b tng nha cht loi I ht trung dy 4,0 5,0cm ri n 2 lp b tng nha ht ln dy 5,0 6,0cm v 6,0 8,0cm d-i. d-i.

Tr-ng hp b tr thnh 2 lp th c th b tr trn cng l lp b tng th nha cht loi I ht nh dy 3,0 4,0cm ri n 4,0 -5,0cm b tng nha ht trung hoc trn cng l 4,0 5,0cm b tng nha cht loi I ht trung ri n 6,0-8,0 cm b tng nha ht ln. ln. (Cc lp d-i c th dng b tng nha rng hoc loi II, nht l i vi lp d-i cng). cng). Tr-ng hp -ng cp III c quy m giao thng va phi v -ng cp IV ng bng th c th b tr tng mt gm 2 lp hoc ch gm th 1 lp b tng nha cht loi I ht nh hoc ht trung. D b tr thnh 2 trung. lp hoc 1 lp th tng b dy tng mt nha (l tng b dy cc th lp mt c s dng nha) trong tr-ng hp ny khng -c d-i 6cm v cng khng nn qu 8 cm. Nu b tr thnh 2 lp th trong tr-ng hp cm. th ny lp d-i khng nht thit phi bng b tng nha nng m c th bng cc loi cp im 1 nu trn nh-ng lp trn th phi bng th b tng nha cht loi I ht nh hoc ht trung theo 22 TCN 249. 249. Nu dng lp thm nhp nha lm lp mt d-i th khng cn t-i lp th nha chn mt pha trn. trn.

2.2.7 B tr tng mt cp cao A2 Loi tng mt ny phi c lp hao mn, to nhm, to phng nh- cp mc 2.2.4 trn v pha d-i gm 1 lp vt liu trong cc loi lit k Bng 2-1 vi b dy lp mt ny phi ln hn b dy ti thiu nu mc 2.4.2 v th-ng trong khong d-i y: y: Lp mt bng b tng nha rng, dm en, b tng nha ngui th-ng b tr b dy 4,0 -8,0cm; cm; Lp mt thm nhp nha b dy phi tun theo 22 TCN 270; 270; Lp mt bng cc loi vt liu ht khng gia c hoc c gia c cht lin kt v c th-ng c b dy t 15,0-18,0cm; 15, 18, cm; 2.2.8 B tr tng mt cp thp B1, B2 Tng mt cp thp th-ng ch lm mt lp vi b dy ln hn b dy ti thiu cp mc 2.4.2 v nh hn 15cm (khng k lp hao 15cm mn hoc lp bo v ri rc theo mc 2.2.5) D lm tng mt loi ny bng vt liu g u nn loi b cc ht c kch c ln hn 50mm v trong mi tr-ng hp c ht ln hn 4,75mm 50mm 75mm u nn chim t l trn 65%. 65%

2.2.9 B dy ti thiu ca tng mt cp cao A1 Khi t trn lp mng trn bng cp phi dm th tng b dy cc th lp ca tng mt cp cao A1 cp mc 2.2.6 cng vi b dy lp to nhm cp mc 2.2.3 (nu c) phi ln hn tr s quy nh Khng nn b tr b dy tng mt ch bng mt lp b tng nha dy d-i 7cm; cm; Nu cc lp ca tng mt nha cp cao A1 -c t trc tip trn lp mng trn bng vt liu ht gia c nha c b dy t nht l 10cm th 10cm th b dy ti thiu ca tng mt -c gim n tr s quy nh Nu cc lp ca tng mt nha cp cao A1 -c t trc tip trn lp mng na cng th hn ch hin t-ng nt phn nh, tng b dy th ti thiu ca tng mt c s dng nha phi bng b dy lp mng na cng v ti thiu bng 14 18cm khi -ng thit k l -ng cao 18cm tc theo TCVN 5729 hoc -ng cp I, cp II theo TCVN 4054 v phi bng 10 12 cm khi -ng thit k l -ng cp III, cp IV theo TCVN 4054. Tr-ng hp tng mt c s dng nha bi tum polime 4054. hoc hn hp nha c t l nha -ng ti -u ln (u6 %) th b dy th ti thiu c th ly tr s nh hoc tr s trung bnh trong phm vi nu trn

2.2.10 Lp nha dnh bm Phi thit k t-i lp nha dnh bm cc lp b tng nha v b tng nha vi cc loi mt -ng nha khc trong tr-ng hp cc lp nu trn khng thi cng lin nhau v thi gian v trong tr-ng hp ri b tng nha trn cc lp mt -ng c. c. 2.2.11 Lp nha thm bm Phi thit k t-i lp nha thm bm khi b tr cc lp mt nha trn mng bng t, gia c v mng bng cp phi dm, cp phi thin nhin, dm n-c. n-c.

2.3 Thit k cu to tng mng

2.3.1 Nguyn tc b tr cu to tng mng: mng: Chc nng ca tng mng l truyn p lc ca bnh xe tc dng trn mt -ng xung n nn t sao cho tr s p lc truyn n nn t nh nn t chu ng -c c v ng sut v bin dng, ng thi tng mng phi cng gim ng sut ko un ti y tng mt cp cao bng b tng nha pha trn n. Do vy vic b n. tr cu to tng mng nn tun theo cc nguyn tc sau: sau: Nn gm nhiu lp, lp trn bng cc vt liu c c-ng v kh nng chng bin dng cao hn cc lp d-i ph hp vi trng thi phn b ng sut v h gi thnh xy dng. T s m un n hi ca lp trn so dng. vi lp d-i lin n nn d-i 3 ln (tr tr-ng hp lp mng d-i l loi mng na cng) v t s m uyn n hi ca lp mng d-i vi m uyn n hi ca nn t nn trong phm vi 2,5 10 ln. S lp cng khng nn ln. qu nhiu trnh phc tp cho thi cng v ko di thi gian khai trin dy chuyn cng ngh thi cng. cng. C ht ln nht ca vt liu lm cc lp mng pha trn nn chn loi nh hn so vi c ht ln nht ca lp d-i. Vt liu ht dng lm lp mng trn d-i. cn c tr s CBR u80 v dng lm lp mng d-i cn c CBRu30. 30. Kt cu tng mng (v vt liu v v b dy) nn thay i trn tng on tu thuc iu kin nn t v tnh hnh vt liu ti ch sn c. c. Trong mi tr-ng hp u nn tn dng vt liu ti ch (gm c cc ph thi cng nghip) lm lp mng d-i. d-i.

2.3.2 Chn loi tng mng Cn da vo cc nguyn tc nu trn chn v b tr cc lp mng trn, mng d-i tu thuc loi tng mt nh- ch dn Bng 2-3 cng vi cc ch d-i y: y: i vi -ng cao tc, -ng cp I, II v cc -ng c 4 ln xe tr ln th th cn s dng cc lp mng na cng tng mc ng u v c-ng trn b rng phn xe chy, chng hn nh- b tr lp mng d-i bng ct hoc t gia c cc cht lin kt v c v b tr lp mng trn bng cp phi (si cui) gia c xi mng. ng. nhng on -ng c th b nh h-ng ca m mao dn t n-c nh ngm pha d-i th lp mng d-i nn s dng vt liu t gia c cht th lin kt v c hoc hu c vi b dy ti thiu l 15cm. 15cm. Nu lp mng c thm chc nng thm thot n-c ra khi kt cu o -ng th la chn vt liu sao cho rng ca n sau khi m nn th cht bng khong 15 20%, cp phi ht khng -c cha c ht e 20% 0,074m v h s thm phi ln hn 3m/ngy m. 074m m. Trong tr-ng hp c bit kh khn (thiu cc ph-ng tin gia cng kh hoc thiu ph-ng tin xe my thi cng) th c th s dng lp mng th bng ba xp c chm chn cht cho cc loi mt -ng cp thp B1, B2. ba c kch c ln nht l 18 24cm 24cm Phi thit k mt lp lng nha trn mng cp phi dm hoc dm n-c chng thm n-c xung nn v chng xe c thi cng i li ph hoi mng trong tr-ng hp lm mng tr-c mt thi gian tr-c khi thi cng tip cc lp trn. trn.

2.3.3 B rng cc lp mng B rng lp mng trn phi rng hn b rng ca tng mt mi bn 20cm; 20cm; B rng lp mng d-i nn rng hn b rng lp mng trn mi bn 15cm; 15cm; B rng ca lp mng kim chc nng thm thot n-c t kt cu o -ng ra nn ri ht ton b b rng nn -ng v phi c bin php chng hhi hoc xi l hai bn mp st taluy nn -ng, nu khng th phi th thit k b tr rnh x-ng c hoc ng thot n-c ra, ho thm, rnh thm. thm.

2.4 B dy cu to cc lp trong kt cu o -ng 2.4.1 Nguyn tc thit k b dy B dy tng mt v cc lp mng ca kt cu o -ng phi -c xc nh thng qua kim ton cc trng thi gii hn v c-ng nh- cp Ch-ng 3 nh-ng tr-c ht b dy ca chng phi theo ng cc yu cu v cu to nu trong cc mc ca Khon 2.2 v 2.3 nu trn. trn. Ngoi ra, bo m iu kin lm vic tt v m bo thi cng thun li, b dy cc lp kt cu thit k khng -c nh hn b dy ti thiu quy nh mc 2.4.2 ng thi thch hp vi vic phn chia lp sao cho khng v-t qu b dy ln nht m nn c hiu qu (xem mc 2.4.3) v khng phi chia thnh nhiu lp thi cng. cng. B dy ti thiu v b dy th-ng s dng cho mi lp kt cu B dy ti thiu -c xc nh bng 1,5 ln c ht ln nht c trong lp kt cu v khng -c v-t qu tr s Bng 2-4. 2.4.2 B dy m nn c hiu qu ln nht: i vi b tng nha l 8cm v dm trn nha l 10cm; i vi cc d loi vt liu c gia c cht lin kt l khng qu 15cm v i vi cc vt liu ht khng gia c cht lin kt l khng qu 18cm.

Yu cu thit k i vi khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng Nn t trong phm vi khu vc tc dng khng b qu m ( m khng -c ln hn 0,6 gii hn nho ca t) trong mi lc, mi iu kin bin ng mi tr-ng, cng tc l khng chu nh h-ng ca cc ngun m bn ngoi (n-c m-a, n-c ngm, n-c ng hai bn -ng (c vi tr-ng hp nn p, nn khng o khng p v nn o); o); V sc chu ti: ti: 30cm trn cng ca khu vc tc dng phi m bo sc chu ti CBR 30cm ti thiu bng 8 i vi -ng cao tc, -ng cp I, II v bng 6 i vi -ng cc cp khc; khc; 50cm tip theo phi m bo sc chu ti CBR ti thiu bng 5 i 50cm vi -ng cao tc, cp I, II v bng 4 i vi -ng cc cp khc; khc; Mi mu th CBR ch c tr-ng cho 1 lp t c b dy 20cm. Do 20cm. vy i vi tr-ng hp nn o hoc nn khng o khng p th th phi ly mu tng lp 20cm th nghim kim tra ch tiu ny kt 20cm hp vi vic th nghim cht quyt nh c cn o thay th hoc m nn li khng (vic kim tra c th dng cc ph-ng php th nghim xc nh CBR hin tr-ng hoc ph-ng php t-ng -ng khc); khc); Ghi ch: CBR xc nh theo iu kin mu t cht m nn ch: thit k v -c ngm bo ho n-c 4 ngy m. m.

 V loi t: t: Khng dng cc loi t ln mui v ln thch cao (qu 5%), t bn, t than bn, t ph sa (loi t ly bi sng khng phi ct mn) v t mn (qu 10% thnh phn hu c) trong khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng; 10% -ng; Khng -c dng t st nng c tr-ng n (xc nh theo 22 TCN 332) 332) v-t qu 4% trong khu vc tc dng; dng; Khi p bng ct th cn phi c bin php p bao pha nh nn th hn ch n-c m-a, n-c mt xm nhp vo phn nn ct (ngay trong v c sau qu trnh thi cng) v to thun li cho s i li ca xe my thi tr cng lp mng d-i ca o -ng (xem thm iu 7.4.4 ca TCVN 4054); 4054) Khi s dng vt liu p bng , bng t ln si sn th kch c ht th (hn) ln nht cho php l 10cm i vi phm vi p nm trong khu vc 10cm tc dng k t y o -ng; tuy nhin, kch c ht ln nht ny khng -c -ng; v-t qu 2/3 chiu dy m nn c hiu qu ln nht (tu thuc cng c m nn s s dng); dng); Khng -c dng cc loi phong ho v d phong ho c h s k ho mm u0,75 ( st ) v kh ng nn dng t bi p trong phm vi khu vc tc dng. dng. V cht m nn: nn: t trong phm vi khu vc tc dng phi m nn t yu cu ti thiu nh- Bng 2-5. Nu c iu kin th nn thit k t cht cao hn th ( cht Ku1,0)

2.5.2 Thit k b tr lp y mng Phm vi p dng: dng: Trong tr-ng hp v cc l do kinh t k thut khc nhau dn n kh m bo -c 4 yu cu i vi khu vc tc dng nu mc 2.5.2 th ng-i thit k nn xt n gii php b tr lp y mng; th mng; Phi b tr lp y mng thay th cho 30cm phn t trn cng ca 30cm nn -ng -ng cao tc, -ng cp I, -ng cp II v -ng cp III c 4 ln xe tr ln, nu bn thn phn t trn cng ca nn -ng khng t -c cc yu cu nu trn v cng nn b tr lp y mng i vi cc loi cp -ng nu trn c khi phn t trong khu vc tc dng t cc yu cu mc 2.5.1. Cc -ng t cp IV n VI cc khu vc khan him t p bao nn ct -c php ri lp mng -ng trc tip trn ct nh-ng phi c bit ch trong qu trnh thi cng v bng phng v s xo trn tr lp ct trn b mt. mt. Phi thit k lp y mng khi nn p bng ct, bng t st tr-ng n v khi -ng qua vng m-a nhiu hoc chu tc ng ca nhiu ngun m khc nhau. nhau.

 Cu to lp y mng Vi cc chc nng cp mc 1.2.4, lp y mng -c cu to bng t hoc vt liu thch hp. Nu bng t th phi l t c cp hp. th phi tt v khng -c bng ct cc loi. Nn dng cp phi thin nhin loi. ph hp vi 22 TCN 304 - 03, t gia c vi hoc xi mng vi t l thp 03, hoc va phi. phi. S dng loi vt liu g th sau khi thi cng vn phi bo m t cc th yu cu sau: sau: B dy ti thiu l 30cm; 30cm; Nu lp y mng bng t hoc cp phi th cht m nn th phi t cht K =1 1,02 (so vi m nn tiu chun theo 22 TCN 333 - 06); 06) Vt liu lm lp y mng phi c m uyn n hi cht v m thi cng Eu50 MPa hoc t s CBR ngm bo ho 4 ngy m u 12%; 12% B rng lp y mng t nht phi rng hn b rng tng mng mi bn 15cm nh-ng nn lm bng c b rng nn -ng. 15cm -ng.

Thit k thot n-c cho k.cu A v l -ng Yu cu thit k Ngn chn ti a kh nng xm nhp ca mi ngun m vo cc lp kt Ng cu o -ng v khu vc tc dng ca nn -ng. Trong tr-ng hp khng -ng. c kh nng ngn chn (nh- l tr-ng hp mt -ng h cp thp ) th ng th phi c gii php thot n-c xm nhp ra khi kt cu nn o -ng. -ng. i vi -ng cao tc, -ng cp I, cp II v c -ng c 4 ln xe tr ln th cng phi ch trng bin php thot n-c nhanh khi phn xe chy v th l -ng, kh ng n-c ng li trn mt -ng va lm gim nhm va to iu kin n-c xm nhp xung pha d-i ng thi kh ng n-c thot ngang gy xi l mp l -ng hoc taluy nn -ng. -ng. Thot n-c b mt o -ng hn ch mc n-c m-a thm qua tng mt o -ng, b mt o -ng, l -ng v b mt di phn cch c lp ph phi c dc ngang ti thiu

2.6.3 Thot n-c mt o -ng trn -ng cp cao c nhiu ln xe v c di phn cch gia gi i vi -ng cao tc, -ng cp I v cp II c b tr di phn cch gia gi th ti cc on c siu cao phi thit k thu n-c m-a cnh di phn th cch. cch. Nu di phn cch l loi khng c lp ph, dng lm th b tr th rnh thot n-c (loi h hoc c np) ch lm nht ca di phn cch (rnh ch cn rng 20 30cm, su 20 30cm). Nu di phn cch l 30cm, 30cm). loi c lp ph v c b va hoc di phn cch cng bng b tng cao hn mt -ng th st b va phi b tr ging thu v ng dn n-c th -ng knh 20 40cm dn n-c n cc cng trnh thot n-c ra 40cm tr khi phm vi nn -ng, dc ca -ng ng thot n-c ti thiu l 0,3%. Ti ch ng dc ni tip vi cng thot n-c ngang phi b tr ging ni tip (ging thm). thm). Cng c th b tr rnh thu n-c c np rng khong 50cm st vi b b 50cm va ca di phn cch gia dn n-c mt -ng n cc ca thot gi n-c ngang ra khi nn -ng. -ng.

Tr-ng hp di phn cch khng c lp ph, dng li c b va th trn th on thng hoc on cong u phi b tr thu n-c thm qua t di phn cch v dn n-c thot ra ngoi phm vi nn -ng. C th b -ng. tr lp vt liu khng thm n-c d-i cao y o -ng trong phm vi c b rng di phn cch v trn t ng thot n-c c -ng knh 6 8cm xung quanh bc vi lc. Lp khng thm n-c c th bng t st lc. m nn cht hoc t trn bitum. ng thot n-c c th bng ng bitum. nha cng. cng. Trn cc -ng cao tc, -ng cp I v cp II c nhiu ln xe, l-ng n-c m-a trn phn xe chy ln th nhng on -ng p cao, mi taluy th nh -ng phi -c gia c chng xi hoc c th thit k b chn bng b tng, b tng nha hoc xy c chiu cao 12cm dc theo mp 12cm ngoi ca phn l gia c ngn chn khng cho n-c chy trc tip ng xung taluy -ng; n-c m-a t mt -ng s chy dc theo b chn v -ng; tp trung v dc n-c t trn taluy -ng thot ra khi phm vi nn -ng. -ng. B chn phi c tit din hnh thang vi mt pha trong phn xe chy c dc nghing 450 ra pha ngoi v mt pha ngoi st l t gn nh- thng ng. Nu dng b tng nha p b chn th nn dng ng. th b tng nha ht nh c rng 2 4% v l-ng nha nn tng thm 0,5 1% so vi l-ng bitum ti -u thit k cho mt -ng. -ng. Khi di phn cch gia rng d-i 3,0m th nn -c ph kn mt gi th chng n-c mt thm xung (xem thm mc 4.4.3 TCVN 4054 : 2005). 2005)

2.6.5 Tnh ton thit k h thng thot n-c mt H thng thot n-c mt cho kt cu o -ng (nh- cc cng trnh cn tr b tr nu mc 2.6.3 ) phi -c tnh ton p ng -c l-u l-ng xc nh theo tn sut 4% nh- yu cu i vi rnh bin (theo TCVN 4054 : 2005) 2005). Ring tr-ng hp -ng trong th th cn tun th cc yu cu th v chu k m-a tnh ton trong cc tiu chun hin hnh. hnh. Trn cc on -ng cong, cc on k tip vi cc ch ra, vo ca -ng cao tc, -ng cp I, cp II v -ng th phi thit k quy hoch mt ng b mt phn xe chy v l -ng b tr ng v tr cc ging thu cng nh- cc ch thot n-c ngang ra khi phm vi nn -ng (cn th hin trn mt bn v ring h thng cc c ng trnh thot n-c tr mt o -ng). -ng).

Ch-ng 3 : tnh c-ng v b dy kca

3.1.1 Yu cu tnh ton Sau khi cn c vo cc quy nh v ch dn Ch-ng 2 -a ra cc ph-ng n cu to kt cu nn o -ng th yu cu ca vic tnh ton th l kim tra xem cc ph-ng n, cu to c c-ng khng, ng thi tnh ton xc nh loi b dy cn thit ca mi lp kt cu v c th phi iu chnh li b dy ca mi lp theo kt qu tnh ton. ton. Kt cu nn o -ng mm -c xem l c-ng nu nh- trong sut thi hn thit k quy nh mc 1.3.2 d-i tc dng ca t nng nht v ca ton b dng xe trong bt k lp no (k c nn t) cng khng pht sinh bin dng do, tnh lin tc ca cc lp lin khi khng b ph v v vng n hi ca kt cu khng v-t qu tr s cho php. php.

3.1.2 Cc tiu chun c-ng Theo yu cu nu trn, ni dung tnh ton chnh l tnh ton kim tra 3 tiu chun c-ng d-i y: y: 1. Kim ton ng sut ct trong nn t v cc lp vt liu chu ct tr-t km so vi tr s gii hn cho php m bo trong chng khng xy ra bin dng do (hoc hn ch s pht sinh bin dng do); do); 2. Kim ton ng sut ko un pht sinh y cc lp vt liu lin khi nhm hn ch s pht sinh nt dn n ph hoi cc lp ; ; 3. Kim ton vng n hi thng qua kh nng chng bin dng biu th bng tr s m un n hi Ech ca c kt cu nn o -ng so vi tr s m un n hi yu cu Eyc. Tiu chun ny nhm m Eyc. bo hn ch -c s pht trin ca hin t-ng mi trong vt liu cc lp kt cu d-i tc dng trng phc ca xe c, do bo m duy tr -c tr kh nng phc v ca c kt cu n ht thi hn thit k. k.

3.1.3 C s ca ph-ng php tnh ton: ton: C s ca ph-ng php tnh ton theo 3 tiu chun gii hn nu trn l li gii ca bi ton h bn khng gian n hi nhiu lp c iu kin tip xc gia cc lp l hon ton lin tc d-i tc dng ca ti gi trng bnh xe (-c m hnh ho l ti trng phn b u hnh trn t-ng -ng vi din tch tip xc ca bnh xe trn mt -ng), ng thi kt hp vi kinh nghim s dng v khai thc -ng trong nhiu nm -a ra cc quy nh v cc tiu chun gii hn cho php. php. 3.1.4 V yu cu tnh ton theo 3 iu kin gii hn i vi kt cu o -ng cp cao A1 v A2 u phi tnh ton kim tra theo 3 tiu chun c-ng nu 3.1.2. V th t tnh ton, nn bt u tnh theo tiu chun vng n hi, sau kim ton theo iu kin cn bng tr-t v kh nng chu ko un. un. i vi o -ng cp thp B1 v B2 khng yu cu kim tra theo tiu chun chu ko un v iu kin tr-t. Khi tnh ton kt cu o tr-t. -ng chu ti trng rt nng (ti trng trc trn 120 kN -ng cng nghip hoc -ng chuyn dng) th cn tnh tr-c theo iu th kin chu ct tr-t v iu kin chu ko un, sau quy i tt c cc trc xe chy trn -ng v xe tiu chun 120 kN tnh theo vng n hi. hi. Khi tnh ton kt cu o l c gia c th phi tnh theo cc tiu th chun nh- i vi kt cu o -ng ca phn xe chy lin k. k.

3.1.5 Cc thng s tnh ton c-ng v b dy o -ng mm Cn phi xc nh -c cc thng s tnh ton d-i y t-ng ng vi thi k bt li nht v ch thu nhit (tc l thi k nn t v c-ng vt liu ca cc lp o -ng yu nht): nht): - Ti trng trc tnh ton v s trc xe tnh ton (cch xc nh xem Khon 3.2); Tr s tnh ton ca m un n hi Eo, lc dnh C v gc ni ma st N t-ng -ng vi m tnh ton bt li nht ca nn t. t. Tr s tnh ton ca m un n hi E, lc dnh C v gc ni ma st N ca cc loi vt liu lm o -ng; -ng; Xt n cc iu kin nhit m, ma h l thi k bt li v m-a nhiu v nhit tng mt cao. Do vy khi tnh ton c-ng theo tiu cao. chun ln n hi, ch tiu ca b tng nha v cc loi hn hp nha -c ly t-ng ng vi nhit tnh ton l 30C. Tuy nhin, tnh 30C ton theo tiu chun chu ko un th tnh trng bt li nht i vi b th tng nha v hn hp dm nha li l ma lnh (lc cc vt liu ny c cng ln), do vy lc ny li phi ly tr s m un n hi tnh ton ca chng t-ng -ng vi nhit 10 15C. Khi tnh ton theo 15C iu kin cn bng tr-t th nhit tnh ton ca b tng nha v cc th loi hn hp nha nm pha d-i vn ly bng 30C, ring vi lp nm trn 30C, cng ly bng 60C. 60C

3.2 Ti trng trc tnh ton 3.2.1 Ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun: chun: Khi tnh ton c-ng ca kt cu nn o -ng theo 3 tiu chun nu mc 3.1.2, ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun -c quy nh l trc n ca t c trng l-ng 100 kN i vi tt c cc loi o -ng mm trn -ng cao tc, trn -ng t cc cp thuc mng l-i chung v c trn cc -ng th t cp khu vc tr xung. Ring i vi kt xung. cu o -ng trn cc -ng trc chnh th v mt s -ng cao tc hoc -ng t thuc mng l-i chung c iu kin xe chy cp mc 3.2.2 d-i y th ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun -c th quy nh l trc n trng l-ng 120 kN. kN. 3.2.2 Quy i s ti trng trc xe khc v s ti trng trc tnh ton tiu chun (hoc quy i v ti trng tnh ton ca xe nng nht) Mc tiu quy i y l quy i s ln thng qua ca cc loi ti trng trc i v s ln thng qua ca ti trng trc tnh ton trn c s t-ng -ng v tc dng ph hoi i vi kt cu o -ng

3.4 Tnh ton c-ng kt cu nn o -ng v kt cu o l c gia c theo tiu chun vng n hi cho php Theo tiu chun ny kt cu -c xem l c-ng khi tr s m un n hi chung ca c kt cu nn o -ng (hoc ca kt cu o l c gia c) Ech ln hn hoc bng tr s m un n hi yu cu Eyc nhn thm vi mt h s d tr c-ng v vng K -c xc nh tu theo tr tin cy mong mun Ech u K . Eyc ; C th chn tin cy thit k i vi cc loi -ng v cp hng -ng nh- Bng 3-3 theo nguyn tc -ng c tc thit k cng cao, thi hn thit k cng di th chn tin cy cng cao nh-ng khng -c nh th hn tr s nh nht Bng 3-3. Ngoi ra, ch u t- c th cn c vo yu cu s dng t la chn tin cy mun c cho cng trnh. trnh. Tr s m un n hi yu cu -c xc nh theo Bng 3-4 tu thuc s trc xe tnh ton Ntt xc nh theo biu thc (3.4) v tu thuc loi tng mt ca kt cu o -ng thit k. k. Tr s m un n hi yu cu xc nh -c theo Bng 3-4 khng -c nh hn tr s ti thiu quy nh

3.5 Tnh ton c-ng kt cu nn o -ng v kt cu o l c gia c theo tiu chun chu ct tr-t trong nn t v cc lp vt liu km dnh kt. kt. K.cu nn o -ng c tng mt loi A1, A2, B1 -c xem l c-ng khi tho mn biu thc sau :

Tax + Tav e

Ctt tr K cd

Trong : : Tax : ng sut ct hot ng ln nht do ti trng bnh xe tnh ton gy ra trong nn t hoc trong lp vt liu km dnh (MPa); (MPa); Tav : ng sut ct hot ng do trng l-ng bn thn cc lp vt liu nm trn n gy ra cng ti im ang xt (MPa). (MPa). K l h s c-ng v chu ct tr-t -c chn tu thuc tin cy thit k

3.6 Tnh ton c-ng kt cu nn o -ng v kt cu o l c gia c theo tiu chun chu ko un trong cc lp vt liu lin khi Theo tiu chun ny, kt cu -c xem l c-ng khi tho mn iu kin d-i y :

Wku e

ku Rtt

ku cd

Trong : : Wku : ng sut chu ko un ln nht pht sinh y lp vt liu lin khi d-i tc dng ca ti trng bnh xe (xc nh theo mc 3.6.2); Rku : c-ng chu ko un tnh ton ca vt liu lin khi (xc nh theo mc 3.6.3); Kku : h s c-ng v chu ko un -c chn tu thuc tin cy thit k ging nh- vi tr s Bng 3-7. Vic chn tin cy thit k cng theo ch dn Bng 3-3. Ch phi tnh ton kim tra iu kin (3.9) i vi cc lp b tng nha, hn hp trn nha, cc lp t, ct gia c, gia c cht lin kt v c s dng trong kt cu o -ng cp cao A1 v A2 (xem mc 3.1.4).