Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PA1
MIn bc
PA2
MIn nam
B/S ...
UBND Tnh...
X25/Tel
UBND Tnh...
X25/Tel
CSE
cc my tnh trn mng c th trao i thng tin vi nhau, cn c mt b nh nhng phn mm cng lm vic theo mt chun no . Giao thc truyn . thng (protocol) l tp quy tc quy nh ph-ng thc truyn nhn thng tin gia gi cc my tnh trn mng. mng.
CSE
Cc mng my tnh hin i -c thit k bng cch phn chia cu trc mc cao nhm lm gim s phc tp khi thit k. Cc giao thc mng th-ng k. -c chia lm cc tng (layer), mi tng -c xy dng da trn dch v ca tng d-i n v cung cp dch v cho tng cao hn. hn.
5
CSE
CSE
Tng vt l
L tng thp nht ca m hnh tham chiu C chc nng truyn dng bit khng c cu trc qua -ng truyn vt l Truy nhp -ng truyn vt l nh cc ph-ng tin c, in, hm, th tc Lin quan n vn c t t-ng ng cc bit 0, 1 trn mi mi tr-ng CSE 11 truyn dn
Tng mng
Thc hin vic chn -ng v chuyn tip thng tin vi cng ngh chuyn mch thch hp Thc hin kim sot lung d liu, ct/hp d liu khi cn thit Lin quan ti cc vn o tr -ng truyn, quyt nh chn -ng, cp nht cc thng tin s dng cho vic CSE 13 chn -ng
Vic chn con -ng ti -u truyn cc gi tin i trn mng phi thc hin mt s cng vic sau: sau:
y Quyt nh chn -ng theo nhng tiu nh chun ti -u no . . y Cp nht thng tin chn -ng. -ng.
CSE
14
Chn -ng tp trung c tr-ng bi s tn ti ca mt s trung tm iu khin mng thc hin vic chn -ng sau gi cc bng chn -ng ti cc nt mng. mng. Cc nt mng u n gi thng tin ca chng ti cc trung tm theo mt khong thi gian hoc khi c mt s kin no . .
15
CSE
Chn -ng phn tn -c thc hin ti mi nt ca mng. Vic ny i hi s mng. trao i thng tin th-ng xuyn gia cc gi nt. nt.
CSE
16
Tng giao vn
Thc hin truyn d liu gia hai u d gi mt (end - to - end) Kim sot li, kim sot lung d liu d gia hai u mt gi Thc hin ghp knh (multiplexing), ct/hp d liu nu cn d
CSE
17
Tng phin
Cung cp ph-ng tin qun l truyn thng gia cc ng dng gi Thit lp, duy tr, ng b ho v hu tr b cc phin truyn thng gia cc ng gi dng
CSE
18
Tng ng dng
Cung cp cc ph-ng tin ng-i dng c th truy cp vo mi tr-ng OSI Cung cp cc dch v thng tin phn tn
CSE
20
. u nhng nm 1980, mt b giao thc mi -c -a ra lm giao thc chun cho mng ARPANET v cc mng ca DoD mang tn DARPA Internet protocol suit, th-ng -c gi l b giao thc TCP/IP hay cn gi tt l TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol).
24
CSE
CSE
Application Layer
RIP
Transport Layer
Internet Layer
ICMP
Ethernet
Token Ring
Token Bus
Fiber
FTP (File transfer Protocol): Giao thc truyn tp cho php ng-i dng ly hoc gi tp ti mt my khc. y Telnet: Ch-ng trnh m phng thit b u cui cho php ng-i dng login vo mt my ch t mt my tnh no trn mng. y SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol): Mt giao thc th- tn in t. y DNS (Domain Name server): Dch v tn min cho php nhn ra my tnh t mt tn min thay cho chui a ch Internet kh nh. CSE
y
28
CSE
SNMP (Simple Network Monitoring Protocol): Giao thc qun tr mng cung cp nhng cng c qun tr mng t xa. RIP (Routing Internet Protocol): Giao thc dn -ng ng. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol): Nghi thc thng bo li. UDP (User Datagram Protocol): Giao thc truyn khng kt ni cung cp dch v truyn khng tin cy nh-ng tit kim chi ph truyn.
29
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol): Giao thc h-ng kt ni cung cp dch v truyn thng tin t-ng. IP (Internet Protocol): Giao thc Internet chuyn giao cc gi tin qua cc my tnh n ch. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol): C ch chuyn a ch TCP/IP thnh a ch vt l ca cc thit b mng.
CSE
30
Cng ging nh- trong m hnh tham chiu OSI, d liu gi t tng Application i xung ngn xp, mi tng c nhng nh ngha ring v d liu m n s dng. Ti ni gi, mi tng coi gi tin ca tng trn gi xung l d liu ca n v thm vo gi tin cc thng tin iu khin ca mnh sau chuyn tip xung tng d-i. Ti ni nhn, qu trnh din ra ng-c li, mi tng li tch thng tin iu khin ca CSE mnh ra v chuyn d liu ln tng 31 trn.
Application
DATA
Transport
TCP Header
DATA
Internet
DATA
Network
CSE
Ethernet Header
DATA
Ethernet Trailer
32
Application Layer
Application Layer
Identical Message
Transport Layer Transport Layer
Identical Packet
Internet Layer Internet Layer
Identical Datagram
Network access Layer Network access Layer
Identical Frame
Physical Net
C ch a ch Internet
Mng Internet dng h thng a ch IP (32 bit) "nh v" cc my tnh lin kt vi n. H thng a ch ny -c thit k mm do qua mt s phn lp. C 5 lp a ch IP l : A, B, C, D, E. S khc nhau c bn gia cc lp a ch ny l kh nng t chc cc cu trc con CSE ca n. 34
C ch a ch Internet
Class A Class B Class C Class D Class E
CSE
0 10
35
a ch lp A, B
Lp A Cho php nh danh 126 mng vi ti a 16 triu host trn mi mng. Lp ny dng cho mng c s trm cc ln: 16.777.214
0 1 0 7 8 Netid 15 16 23 24 Hostid 31
CSE
36
a ch lp C, D, E
CSE
C ch a ch Internet
d dng cho vic s dng a ch IP, ng-i ta dng 4 s thp phn t-ng ng vi 4 nhm 8 bit v d 190.002.002. 190.002.002.001
a ch lp A c s thp phn u tin <128 a ch lp B c s thp phn u tin trong khong 128..191 128..191 a ch lp B c s thp phn u tin > 38 191
CSE
Mt n mng con (Subnet mask) l mt con s 32 bit bao gm n bit 1 (th-ng l cc bit cao nht) dng nh a ch mng con v m bit 0 dng nh a ch my trong mng con vi n+m=32
Network Number Network Number Host Number Subnet Number 1111 1111 Host Number 0000 0000
40
CSE
1111 1111
1111 1111
t a ch IP v Subnet mask
CSE
41
CSE
42
Internet Protocol - IP
Tng Internet cung cp mt h thng chuyn giao khng kt ni Khng kt ni bi mi gi tin -c truyn i trn mng mt cch c lp S kt hp d liu ca cc gi tin -c cung cp bi cc dch v lp trn Chnh vic d liu c th i ti ch trn nhiu -ng khc nhau to nn s mm do cho Internet CSE 43
Cu trc gi tin IP
VERS HLEN SERVICE TYPE FLAG PROTOCOL TOTAL LENGTH FRAGMENT OFFSET HEADER CHECK SUM IDENTIFICATION TIME TO LIVE
SOURCE IP ADDRESS DESTINATION IP ADDRESS IP OPTION (IF ANY) DATA *** DATA
CSE
PADDING
44
46
CSE
CSE
50
Nu mt s l-ng ln cc gi tin nh -c truyn, thng tin cho vic kt ni v sa li c th ln hn nhiu so vi thng tin cn truyn. truyn. Trong tr-ng hp ny, UDP l gii php hiu qu nht. nht. Nh Nhng ng dng kiu "Query-Response" cng "Queryrt ph hp vi UDP, cu tr li c th dng lm s xc nhn ca mt cu hi. Mt s ng dng hi. t n cung cp cng ngh ring chuyn CSE 51 giao thng tin tin cy
CSE
Knh truyn lnh tn ti sut phin lm vic Knh truyn d liu -c thit lp mi khi c d liu truyn v gii phng sau khi 53 s dng
S dng FTP
$ ftp sco5 Connected to sco5. 220220 sco5.cse.com.vn FTP server (Version 2.1WU(1)) ready. User (sco5.cse.com.vn:(none)):binhnn 331 Password required for binhnn. Password: 230 User binhnn logged in. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> get nettcp.c local: nettcp.c remote: nettcp.c 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening BINARY mode data connection for nettcp.c (46 bytes). 226 Transfer complete. 46 bytes received in 0 seconds (0.04 Kbytes/s) ftp> bye 221 Goodbye. $
Telnet
Telnet cho php ng-i s dng t trm lm vic ca mnh c th ng nhp (login) vo mt trm xa nh- l mt u cui (teminal) ni trc tip vi trm xa . . c t v Telnet c th tm thy trong RFC 854..861, 884, 885, 1091, 1097 v 854..861, 884, 885, 1091, 1116
CSE
56
Telnet
Client c t trm cui Users Terminal H iu hnh
Telnet Client
CSE
Telnet Server
vnuh fit
hau
CSE
58
59
H thng qun tr mng cn gi l m hnh Manager/Agent bao gm Tin trnh qun tr cung cp giao din tr gia ng-i qun tr mng vi cc thit b gi -c qun tr H b qun tr bao gm tin trnh Agent tr thc hin cc thao tc qun tr v cc i t-ng -c qun tr nh- my ch, hub, knh truyn CSE
60
- C s thng tin qun tr (Management Information Base MIB) -c l-u tr c h thng qun tr v h thng b qun tr cha cc thng tin cn thit cho vic qun tr
CSE
61
Manager Process
CSE
62
CSE
65
Web Browser
TT
Web Server
atewa
ther Server
T Server
CSE
68
Nh Nhng vn c bn ca mng
Kim sot li Kim sot lung d liu d nh a ch nh gi tin cy An ton thng tin trn mng Qun tr mng
CSE
69
CSE
70
CSE
71
UID
Bo v
Bc
truy vt cp Passwor d ho l
t-ng la
Mng ngoi
CSE
72
Bc t-ng la
Mt gii php an ton thng tin -c s dng rng ri nht hin nay trn Internet L mt tm chn gia mng ni b v gi mng bn ngoi Bao gm c phn cng v phn mm C nhiu loi bc t-ng la khc nhau C th xem chi tit trong ti liu Firewall ca CSE CSE
73
Ng-i bin son: Nguyn Hu Tun E-commerce and IT Department. Ministry of Trade
CSE
74
CSE
75