DR.

PANKAJ MADAN (SENIOR LECTURER)

E-COMMERCE
THE ART AND SCIENCE OF SELLING PRODUCTS AND/OR SERVICES OVER THE INTERNET.


WHAT DO I NEED TO START AN EECOMMERCE SITE?



First of all, you obviously need a product or service to sell. Then you need a Web site. This can either be an existing Website to which you can add E-Commerce capabilities, or you can build Ethe site from scratch. Next you need some way of accepting ononline payments. This normally means credit cards, although there are other options for very small or low-volume sites. Lastly, but lowmost importantly, you need to have a strategy for marketing your site and attracting customers. This is far harder than you might think

Pearls of joy

6-PRIMARY SPHERICAS IF ANY 1 OF THESE R MISSING THEN THE O/P ACHIEVED IS LESS THAN THAT CAN BE ACHIEVED

Introduction


Layers cooperate to provide seamless transition between todays computing resources and those of tomorrow by integrating information access. Architecture should focus on synthesizing the diverse resources already in place in corporation to facilitate the integration of data and software for better application. Framework is intended to define andcreate tools that integrate the information found in todays closed system and allow development of e-commerce. e-

Generic Framework Of E-commerce

Two pillars supporting the framework  Application  Infrastructure 1st pillar :-public policy, legal privacy issues. :2nd pillar:-technical standards for epillar:ecommerce,multimedia &network protocols

Four Levels Of E-commerce:E-commerce:Information superhighway- very superhighwayfoundation - provide means for travel Multimedia contents & network publishing creation of products & its presentation Messaging & distribution of information. Common business services facilitates buying & selling of product. It includes aspects like:like:security/authenticationsecurity/authentication-payment/catalogs

E-commerce Consumer Application

    

Consumer needs include entertainment on demand, video n demand, games on demand, and news on demand; electronic retailing via catalogs and home shopping networks Interactive distance education Collaboration through desktop video conferencing; medical consultants and many more. The current trends in the radio and television talk shows can be seen in the online news groups. Sight, sound, and motion combine to make television a powerful means of marketing as already proved by the success of home shopping network.

A TRAVEL GUIDE PORTAL

E-Commerce Layers
Application Services Customer to business Business to business Intra Organizational Order processing Payment Schemes Clearinghouse Interactive catalog Directory Support funct Software Agents Secure hypertext transfer protocol EDI RPC SGML,HTML OLE,Open doc PCS,W ireless-POTS ireless-

Brokerage and data management Interface Layer

Secure Messaging

Middleware Services Network infrastructure

Application Services


Consumer-toConsumer-to-Business Transaction -(We call this transaction market place transaction) Business-toBusiness-to-Business Transaction -(We call this transaction market link transaction) Intra Organizational Transaction  (We call this transaction market Driven transaction)

Informational Brokerage & Management

a) Dealing with information on internet b) Addresses the issue of adding value to information that is retrieved (Ex-Foreign exchange trading) (Exc) Brokerage function is the support for data management and traditional transaction services

Interface and support Services



Will provide interface for electronic commerce application such as interactive catalogs and support directory services function necessary for information search and access Directories operate behind the scenes and attempt to organize the enormous amount of information and transaction generated .

Secure Messaging & Structured Document Interchange Services



Messaging is the software that sits between the network infrastructure and the clients or electronic commerce application ,masking the pecularities o.f environment.


Also defined as framework for the total implementation of portable application. Messaging is that it is not associated with any particular protocol.

Middle Ware Services



Middleware is the ultimate mediater between diverse software programs that enables them to talk to one another. Middle ware is the computing shift from application centric to data centric.

Anatomy of E-Commerce EWe will revisit various parts of the infrastructure. In the following fig. we will examine E- commerce application Multimedia content Multimedia storage servers. Information delivery systems. Network service providers.- serve as access points. providers.-

Multimedia Content:Content:Considered as both fuel& traffic for E-Commerce applications- it mimics the natural Eapplicationsway how people communicate.

Multimedia storage servers E-Commerce applications:Eapplications:These are large information warehouses capable of handling various contet.e.g.:contet.e.g.:- books ,newspapers, catalogs, movies , games etc. They serve upon request , can handle large scale distribution, guarantee security & compute reliability.

E-Commerce & Media Convergence

 

Alliances & merging of companies has made e-marketplace a reality. eMedia convergence:- conversion of text, voice, data, image, graphics & full convergence:motion video into digital content.

Technological advances driven by phenomenon of convergence:convergence:1) convergence of context :_conversion of all information digital information 2) Convergence of transmission. 3) Convergence of information access devices e.g.:-internal fax machine, modem e.g.:&video monitor.

Market condition driving the convergence:convergence:1) Availability of low cost, high performance, component technology

e.g.:e.g.:- semiconductors, storage &display devices 2) Entrepreneurs:- ready to spend on new enabling technology Entrepreneurs:application applicationboth product & services. 3) Aggressive regularity actions that introduce competition in the monopoly market.

Market forces influencing the I-Way IDemand & requirements of market participants Users that eventually support the I way:way:   

Users setting up on-line servers . onEnd users & businessmen paying for information products/services. Information service providers who provide information of goods & services. Value added providers including 3rd party brokers who add value by packaging or building on services provided by others.

Strategic alliances & the I-way infrastructure I

To ensure construction of a broadly useful I-way,strategic planning Ishould take into account the needs of the communication, entertainment, & information sector. Alliances reduce risk, spread costs, & allow firms to acquire costly expertise in different areas instantly.

Components of I-way IThree components make up the IIWay:Way:

Consumer access equipment. Local or Access roads, or on ramps. Global information distribution network.

Network Access Equipment

Local On-Ramps On-

Global information Distribution networks

TelecomTelecom-based infrastructure Consumer/bu siness premises equipment

Cable TV-based TVinfrastructure Backbone communication and satellite networks

Wireless infrastructure Commercial on-line oninfrastructure

NETWORK ACCESS EQUIPMENT



SET TOP BOXES: A

key hardware platform for I-way Iaccess will be cable converter boxes, also known as set-top setboxes, and converter boxes and converters/disc ramblers

IP SET-TOP BOXES: SETBOXES:

IP set-top box devices have setalmost limitless applications, which are why the operating system platforms they are based on need to be scalable and flexible.

LOCAL ON-RAMPS ON

TelecomTelecom-Based Infrastructure:-it is based on analog voice frequency Infrastructure:systems and digital T-carrier systems. Today much of the infrastructure is Tbased on fibers.

Cable TV-Based Infrastructure:-it is based on broadband coaxial TVInfrastructure:network which uses a series of amplifiers and coaxial cables through out the distribution network.

Wireless Infrastructure:- it is based on cellular microwave and specialized

mobile radio data networks. The two components of wireless infrastructure are : SMR (Specialized Mobile Radio) MDN (Mobile Data Networks)

Commercial On-Line service : They provide customers with Onboth the e-commerce application as well as the Ramps to access ethe I-way. The benefit of computer based on-line approach is Ionthat services are packaged better and appear less complex then other infrastructure options.

NETWORK SWITCHES, ROUTERS AND HUBS



SWITCH: A network switch is a

computer networking device that connects LAN segments. segments.

Routers

ROUTERS: A router is connected

to at least two networks, commonly two LANs or WANs or a LAN and its ISPs network. Routers are located at gateways, the places gateways, where two or more networks connect.

HUB: Hubs are commonly used LAN. to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. ports.

GLOBAL INFORMATION DISTRIBUTION NETWORK

The initiative for National Information Infrastructure (NII) and thereafter for the Global Information Infrastructure (GII)

LongLong-Distance Networks: Long-Distance connectivity is Longavailable via cable (fiber or co-axial) owned by long-distance or colonginterexchange carriers (IXCs). Fiber optics are capable of providing a higher bandwidth the satellites, but it is also immune to electromagnetic interference

Satellite Networks: Satellite networks do have some

advantages over the terrestrial networks. They are accessible from any spot on the globe; can provide broadband digital services, including voice, data, and video, to many points without the cost of acquiring right-of-way and wire installation; and can add receiving right-ofand transmitting sites without significant additional costs.

Global Information Distribution

The GID system is a service that maintains a consistent network-wide database. All of the switches networkcontribute to the database and all of the switches extract information from it. The GID system ensures that every switch has an up-to-date copy of all the up-toinformation in the database. The GID system is represented by a process on every NP in the network. Each GID process serves several clients that produce and consume information. A GID process issues an update whenever a client contributes new information. The GID also has mechanisms for quickly initializing a GID database when a new switch enters the network.

   

Global Information Distribution

The GID system is a service that maintains a consistent network-wide database. All of the switches networkcontribute to the database and all of the switches extract information from it. The GID system ensures that every switch has an up-to-date copy of all the up-toinformation in the database. The GID system is represented by a process on every NP in the network. Each GID process serves several clients that produce and consume information. A GID process issues an update whenever a client contributes new information. The GID also has mechanisms for quickly initializing a GID database when a new switch enters the network.

   

What does Global Information distribution can do?

People and companies are jumping onto the Internet faster than any other communication medium because they realize a successful Web site can:
1. Create a leading-edge image. leading2. Enhance customer communications and service 3. Increase visibility and market expansion 4. Execute online sales and service transactions 6. Lower communication costs (long distance phone calls, faxes, and overnight deliveries)

Who's Online?


Tens of thousands of companies - millions of individuals (45 million individuals is the latest figure I have seen)! People are accessing the Internet, hungry for information about every subject imaginable

How Does the GID Fit In?

1. As an advertising and public relations medium 2. As a direct sales medium 3. As an internal communications medium 4. As a customer service and technical service delivery medium

As a Direct Service Delivery Medium

1. Suitable where the customer does not have to be present in person to be served (counseline.com psychological services) 2. Expandable to worldwide market potential 3. Naturally applicable for informotion services mediurn

Where Can the GID Leads You?



. State-of-the-art communications for a state-ofState-of-thestate-ofthethe-art company 2 International communications for an international company new selling channelchannelnational and international in scope 3. Added efficiency of ordering process lets sales reps concentrate on relationships and personal service, not ordering details 4. Usability by reps to place orders from the field for automated processing

6. Maximization of benefits and conquering of HQ/subsidiary organization limitations 7. Time and space constraints eliminated-plenty eliminatedof room for all products and sales messages 8. Reduced reliance on expensive catalog paper, printing, and distribution costs 9. Full compatibility with existing investment in electronic art

PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES SHAPING THE I-WAY IThe government plays a crucial role in defining the I Way There are seven Major issues:issues:

Cost Subsidies. Allocation of scare resources Regulation Universal access Information privacy policy Social & religious barriers

Public Policy & Global Connectivity



The various policy implications:implications:Access to local infrastructure Global subsides Cost & pricing of universal access transmission capacity Adoption of technology standards

What is INTERNET
  

Internet is information distribution system spanning several continents. Internet is not a network ,but it is a combination of networks. Interconnected computers include stand alone computers ,LANs ,MANs,WANs. On the basis of language spoken by host computers Internet can be divided into two classifications: (a) Academic Internet (b) Business Internet

When you connect to the Internet, your computer becomes part of a network

SIX STAGES OF GROWTH :

Evolution of purpose over the years:years:____________________________________________________________ Type and scope of network Examples ____________________________________________________________  Experimental networking ARPANET  Discipline-specific research DisciplineCSNET, MILNET, HEPnet, MFEnet  General research networking Early NSFNET, BITNET  Privatization and commercialization Present NSFNET  Restricted public data networks National Research and Education  For research and education Network (NREN) and HPCC  National information infrastructure Information superhighway (I_WAY) __________________________________________________________________

NSFNET
NSF ( national science foundation):foundation):1)

2)

3)

NSF can built its own network ,based on APRANETs IP technology Mid level networks act like co-operates that distribute data from conational backbone to campuses. Initially connected five super computing centers with 5 kbps,telephone leased lines Due to rapid growth in traffic , the old network was replaced with faster telephone lines called T1 lines with capacity 1.544 Mbps in turn by T3

with 45 Mbps.

State & Campus Network

1)

2)

Campus networks include universities and college campuses research laboratories; private companies and educational sites . State networks is to provide local connectivity and access to wide area services for campus networks.

Movement of information on the internet:internet:NSFNET is need for variety of application e.g.-mail provide a way e.g.of sending person to person messages almost instantaneously .

National research and educational network

1)

NSFNET has evolved into the national research and education network (NREW).

2)NREW activities can be broadly split into two classification ; a) Establishment and development of new network architecture for very high bandwidth networks (vBNS) b) research to yield insight into the design and development of gigabit network technolgy.

New architecture for NSFNET backbone

1) 2)

The previous NSFNET backbone architecture contained thirteen core nodal station They have been replaced by three priority network access point (NAPs ) connected by bandwidth network running at 155 Mbps replacing 45 Mbps.

The concept of the paperless e-book became a reality in the late 1990s with the marketing of several devices. These machines allow users to download texts from the Internet and read them on a portable, handheld display. The RCA REB1100 model e-book shown here is about the size of a paperback. It lasts 20 to 40 hours between battery charges, holds a minimum of 8,000 pages of text, and includes an internal modem for downloading books.

QUERIES ?