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IEEE 802.

11 Technologies

Amer Hassan, Architect amerh@microsoft.com

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

The Vision Dream Network


Pervasive Collaborative Computing

Faster and More Pervasive

More Secure

More Deployable and Manageable

Ease At Home

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Video

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Wireless Standards
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
IEEE 802.15.4 (Zigbee Alliance)

Sensors RAN

RFID (AutoID Center)

IEEE 802.22

WAN

IEEE 802.20 IEEE 802.16e IEEE 802.16d WiMAX IEEE 802.11 Wi-Fi Alliance IEEE 802.15.3 UWB, Bluetooth Wi-Media, BTSIG, MBOA
Windows Networking and Device Technologies

3GPP (GPRS/UMTS) 3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000) GSMA, OMA ETSI HiperMAN & HIPERACCESS ETSI-BRAN HiperLAN2

MAN LAN PAN

ETSI HiperPAN
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Growing 802.11 Standards


1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

.11s, .11v, .11T,.11 r, .11p

11u 11ma 11n 11k 11j 11i 11h 11g 11f 11e 11d

11c 11b 11a 802.11


Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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Wi-Fi Industry Status


Increased interest in cellular/Wi-Fi handsets. Choice split between .11a or .11g Price gap for .11g and .11a/g is decreasing rapidly; .11b only devices on steep decline Voice over Wi-Fi becoming reality with technical enhancements - WMM, .11i, .11k, .11r Security solutions acceptable (WPA2, PEAPv2); security deployment issues being addressed Hotspot roaming agreements identified as critical to carriers & ISPs Standardization started for 802.11n with 2 strong proposals
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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What is the situation?


Have not Deployed Wi-Fi
Unable to justify ROI of a new infrastructure

Have Deployed Wi-Fi


Justified ROI Saves on infrastructure & real estate Improves productivity in manufacture plants Allows flexible employee work practices Compensates for limits of current technology Regulates access via VPN, looking for WPA2 Deployed secure technology EAP-TLS, .1X

Concerned 802.11 security is not adequate

Concerned 802.11 standards unstable Deployed what meets current needs (11a, 11b, 11g) Planning to upgrade to .11a then .11 n Concerned about managing another network & provisioning users Agrees management & diagnostic tools lacking Deployments are tightly controlled Not a show stopper compared to ROI

Waiting for the benefits to outweigh the risks

Looking forward to making strategic investments VoIP & video streaming New customer services & products
January 27, 2005
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Potential Wi-Fi Scenarios


Technology LAN for Enterprise LAN for Home Home multiple A/V distribution Backhauling and last mile Wide Area Mobility Cable/device Replacement Mesh Networking Sensor Networking Inventory Control Auto PC Proprietary soln Enterp/Ho Neighbor- Home Mesh me/N hood Mesh Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Wi-Fi

WiMAX -

UWB -

Bluetooth (audio streaming)

3GPP/2 -

RFID -

Zigbee -

January 27, 2005


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802.11 n and all that jazz

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

What do Home users want?


Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the home High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality audio and video Throughput!

HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2) HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2) Next generation Media Center will support 2 concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4 concurrent streaming For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture, and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is easily consumed

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

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Wireless outsold wired home networking gear for the first time in 2004
(in millions)
16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 2003 2004 2005 7.3 5.4 2.6 2.8 4.6 6.9 9 11.3 12.3 13.6 9.3 10.7 13.2 12.5 14.3

US Home Networking Purchases

2.7

2.5

1.7 2006
Wireless

1.2 2007

0.9 2008

0.7 2009

Wired Only

Total Purchase

Windows NetworkingJupiterResearch Home Networking Model, 8/04 (US Only) Source: and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

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What do service providers need?


Highest possible consumer satisfaction consumers will blame the Service Provider QoS is primary requirement video and high throughput (mobile) data sessions Management capability to the devices Secure mobility support: Handoff & Mesh High rate for outdoor to indoor 150m operation
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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What would make IT Pro excited?


High return on investment High level of security Ease of deployment Manageability of clients and APs Diagnosis Highly available networking

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

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General applications set forth by the Wi-Fi Alliance


Applications and target markets Application Audio/Video 1 Audio/Video 2 Audio/Video 3 Interactive 1 Interactive 2 Examples HDTV and DV viewing for commercial & domestics use SDTV viewing for commercial and domestic use Video conferencing with VoIP Interactive gaming, Internet Browsing, Email VoIP, Internet gaming Transmission characteristics Type Constant (low jitter) Constant (low jitter) Constant (low jitter) Variable Constant with intervals Rate 27 Mbps 6 Mbps 2 Mbos 2 Mbps .2 MB/s Duration/ volume Hours Hours < 1 hr 1 hr 1 min 1 hr

Bulk transfer

Flash downloads file transfer, media Variable transfer

30 Mbps

10 MB 10 GB

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

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IEEE 802.11 Initiative: start of .11n


Develop next generation Wi-Fi capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP) Modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) are allowed with baseline 802.11 & its amendments to support high throughput Evaluation metrics: throughput, range, network capacity, (peak and average power consumption), spectral flexibility, backward compatibility, and coexistence (3 channel models)

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

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Channel models
Environment Residential Setting Intra-room, Room to room, Indoor to outdoor, Large multi-family dwelling Enclosed office, meeting room, classroom, bus, train Cubes, offices, multistory office space Hotspots: airport, library, Convention Center, factory, hospital

Small/medium office Large office Large space: indoor/outdoor

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

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Functional requirements of .11n


Requirement HT rate supported in 20MHz channel Description at least one mode of operation supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20 MHz channel Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a) Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11a in 2.4 GHz, some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal should be backwards compatible with .11g
January 27, 2005
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Works in the 5 GHz bands

.11a backwards compatibility

.11g backwards compatibility

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Functional requirements of .11n (cont)


Requirement .11e QoS support Description The proposal must permit implementation of the 802.11e options within a .11n STA The highest throughput mode of the proposal should achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU

Spectral Efficiency

Control of support for legacy STA A .11n AP can be configured to from .11n AP reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA

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January 27, 2005

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Link Level Throughput & Range


Throughput 80 Infotainment

Business

Services
25

20

150

Range

throughput required in typical hotspot settings

Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential

20 AmerH January 20, 2005

.11 n proposals
32 proposals, 4 complete (Sept 04, Nov 04)
TGn Sync WWISE Motorola/Mitsubishi Qualcom

Down select and merger (Jan 05)


TGn Sync WWISE

Further down select (March 05)


Qualcom and Mitsubishi merged with TGn Sync
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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Roadmap
Activity started in Q4 02 Par/5 Criteria: March 03 Functional Requirements: Nov 03 Usage Models: May 04 Comparison Criteria: May 04 Proposals: Sept 04 convergence, plug fests, beta, Ratification: Sept 06 Wi-Fi Certification: Sept 06
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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IEEE 802.11n basics: 2 main proposals (TGn SYNC & WWISE)


Key Points Members TGn SYNC WWISE

Agere, Atheros Broadcom, TI, Cisco, Intel, Mitsubishi Airgo Networks, Philips, Sony Conexant, Buffalo, Toshiba, Qualcom, Ralink, ETRI, HNS, Nortel, Samsung, Realtek, STM, Marvel, Panasonic, TrellisWare, Winbond Tohoku Univ, Nokia, Electronics Infocom Research, Sanyo 200+ Mbps/40 MHz accommodate both EDCA and HCCA 0 to 64KB PSDUs 100+ Mbps/20 MHz accommodate both EDCA and HCCA 0 to 64KB PSDUs

UDP data rate MAC basic technology Packet sizes

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

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Throughput enhancement
Features
Bandwidth

TGn Sync

WWISE

(M) 20MHz mode (M) 20 MHz mode (M) 40MHz, whenever regulatory (O) 40 MHz mode domain permits this extension (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode (M) R= , 2/3, , 7/8 (M) Convolutional code (M) 2 spatial streams @ 20MHz mode (M) R= , 2/3, , 5/6 (M) Convolutional code

MIMO-OFDM-SDM Higher code rate (R) Regular coding scheme

Advanced Coding scheme (O) Space Time Block Code (N)

LDPC

(O) LDPC (O)

(M) Mandatory

(O) Optional

(N) Not available


January 27, 2005
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Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Both proposals do some form of aggregation


Legacy Burst
PSDU1 PSDU2 PSDU3

S CF

S CF

UDP M dao y a P l

UDP M dao y a P l

Perform aggregation

SIFS

SIFS

Preamble + PLCP Header

A-PSDU

Windows Networking and Device Technologies Microsoft Confidential

Preamble + PLCP headers + SIFS will be saved Some overhead will be induced to identify each MPDU 25
AmerH January 20, 2005

UDP M dao y a P l

ebme P l ar P CL P r edaeh

UDP M r edae H

ebme P l ar P CL P r edaeh

UDP M r edae H

ebme P l ar P CL P r edaeh

UDP M r edae H

S CF

Aggregation
TGn Sync New control frames New data frame New mgt frame M(P)SDU Aggregation A-MSDU aggregation Y Y Y Y N WWiSE N N Y Y Y

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

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Wish list!
Coexistence through Spectrum sharing
Use of DFS, TPC, LBT,

Turbo coding
Low gate count (200K), but IPR High gate count (800K), but no IPR

Space-time block coding (Alamouti)


Provides great performance

Flexible architecture for closed loop


Keep it simple!
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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Windows Wireless Strategy: Summary


Technology
WPAN: 802.15 (UWB), Bluetooth

CY04-CY06 Investments
BT PAN module UWB Strategic exploration

Challenges
Few BT PAN products No IP over UWB spec WW regulations for UWB

WLAN: 802.11

Security WPS Extensibility Diagnostics Group Policy

Fragmented user experience Poor penetration in enterprise Multiple auth protocols Several .11n proposals 802.16e roadmap

WiMAX:
802.16

Strategic exploration Extensibility

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Call to action drive best user experience!


Usability: demand interoperability, and improved UIs for wireless technologies Security: demand Standards based security with 802.1X, PEAP & PEAP-SIM, and WPA1&2 Availability & coexistence: share spectrum with minimum interference
amerh@microsoft.com
Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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Backup slides: Wi-Fi Alliance and Certification

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Wi-Fi Alliance Mission Statement


Certify the interoperability of products and services based on IEEE 802.11 technology Grow the global market for Wi-Fi CERTIFIED products and services across all market segments, platforms, and applications

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

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New Certificate & Logo

Certificate inside packaging (optional)


Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Logo on product packaging (mandatory) Helps retailers and consumers January 27, 2005

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Wi-Fi Alliance Roadmap


IEEE Standard Releases
802.11j
2004

802.11e
Q2 Q3

802.11k
Q4

2005 Q1

2006

Baseline Security QoS Applications

802.11h+d Extended EAP WMM Scheduled Access

Simple Config WMM Power Save

CE Public Access WCC CE Phase1 Phase2

Voice/Wi-Fi
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Certification Program Releases

Windows Networking and Device Technologies

January 27, 2005

Worldwide Wi-Fi Semiconductor Revenues by Application, 2003 - 2008 ($M)


3500 Chip Inventory 3000 Access Points/Gateways/Bridges Mobile PC Desktop PC 2000 Consumer Devices Mobile Devices Printers/MFPs 1000 Aftermarket USB 500 Aftermarket PCI Aftermarket NIC 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

2500

1500

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor


Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.

January 27, 2005

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Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Revenues by Standard, 2003 - 2008 ($M)


3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Dual Band (802.11a+b+g) 802.11a 802.11g 802.11b

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor


Windows Networking and Device Technologies

Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.


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WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard*


WLAN Chipset Pricing by Standard
30 25 20 15 10 5 0 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Dual Band (802.11a+b+g) 802.11b 802.11g 802.11a

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
*Chart is estimate based on data in IDC Brief Windows Networking and Device Technologies January 27, 2005
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2008 WLAN Semiconductor Revenues in Consumer Devices by Application (n = $611 M)

10.0% 11.5%

1.3%

Gaming Consoles/Handhelds Digital TV DVD Players

12.1% 65.1%

Digital Cameras/Camcorders Compressed Audio Players

Source: IDC brief: Worldwide WLAN Semiconductor Forecast and Analysis, 2004 2008.
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