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CHNG TRNH LUAT KINH TE CAO HOC KINH TE

TS. LE VAN HNG


KHOA LUAT KINH TE AI HOC KINH TE TP. HO CH MINH Emai: lehunglkt@ueh.edu.vn

NHNG CHUYEN E Chuyen e 1: Luat kinh te VN trong boi canh hoi nhap. Chuyen e 2: Nha kinh doanh trong moi trng canh tranh va hoi nhap. Chuyen e 3: Doanh nghiep va tai san doanh nghiep. Chuyen e 4: Tai phan trong kinh doanh.

CHUYEN E 1: LUAT KINH TE GII THIEU


nh ngha Luat Kinh te: Quan niem Luat Kinh te cua thi ky ke hoach hoa tap trung, bao cap nhng van e phap ly at ra khi chuyen sang kinh te th trng. Luat Kinh te trong kinh te th trng nh hng XHCN nhng nguyen tac phap ly cua nen kinh te th trng: nguyen tac t do kinh doanh; nguyen tac t do canh tranh; nguyen tac bnh ang Cac khai niem: Luat Kinh Te Luat Kinh Doanh Luat Thng Mai. S tng thch vi luat phap quoc te ve thng mai.

LUAT KINH TE GII THIEU (tt)


S ra i cua Luat Thng Mai cac nc phng tay: tnh tap tuc va tnh quoc te. S du nhap Luat Thng Mai vao Viet Nam: thi ky phong kien va anh hng cua thng mai Trung hoa thi ky Phap thuoc va 3 ao luat ve thng mai LTM cua che o Sai Gon 1972 thi ky bao cap va thi ky oi mi. Cac nguon cua Luat Kinh Te : + Hien Phap 1992 (2001) + Cac ao luat trc tiep ieu chnh hoat ong kinh doanh + Cac ao luat co lien quan + Cac van ban di luat Quan he th bac gia cac nguon luat: nguyen tac tnh hp hien, hp phap va tnh thong nhat cua he thong van ban phap luat.

LUAT KINH TE GII THIEU (tt)


ieu c quoc te ve thng mai: moi quan he gia cac ieu c quoc te vi luat quoc gia Van e xung ot phap luat trong t phap quoc te noi chung va trong thng mai noi rieng. Tap quan quoc te ve thng mai. An le Mot so noi dung can quan tam trong CISG 1980; US-VN BTA va nhng van e cua nha kinh doanh VN. Mi tr ng php l sau WTO.

VIET NAM GIA NHAP WTO


Quoc Hoi thong qua Ngh quyet 71 phe chuan NT gia nhap WTO ngay 29/11/2006; Ngay 11/12/2006 VN thong bao cho WTO Ngay 11/01/2007 VN chnh thc tr thanh thanh vien WTO va cac cam ket bat au co hieu lc. Lu y: VN c xem la nen kinh te ang chuyen oi nen c hng mot thi gian chuyen oi e thc hien cac cam ket lien quan en thue TTB, tr cap phi nong nghiep, quyen kinh doanh;

NGH QUY T 71
Ngh Quy t s 71/2006/QH 11 ngy 29/11/2006 c a Qu c H i ph chu n Ngh nh th gia nh p Hi p nh thnh l p T ch c Th ng m i th gi i ( WTO) c a n c C ng Ho XHCN Vi t Nam. Ngh quy t c p n nguyn t c c b n: Trong tr ng h p php lu t Vi t Nam khng ph h p v i quy nh c a WTO th p d ng quy nh c a WTO.

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


p d ng tr c ti p cc cam k t WTO; Cc cam k t khc c a Vi t Nam v i WTO c quy nh r, chi ti t c ng c xem xt p d ng tr c ti p. Theo Ngh Quy t 71/2006/QH11 m t s n i dung sau c p d ng tr c ti p:

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n 1 Lu t doanh nghi p (2005) Cc i u 51, 52, 103, 104 Cam k t WTO o n 503 v o n 504 trong Bo co c a Ban cng tc N i dung p d ng Cty TNHH, cty CP c quy n quy nh trong i u l cng ty: 1. S i di n c n thi t t ch c cu c h p v hnh th c thng qua quy t nh c a H TV, H C ; 2. Cc v n thu c th m quy n quy t nh c a H TV, H C 3. T l a s phi u c n thi t (k c t l a s 51%) thng qua cc quy t nh c a H TV, H C .

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n 2 Lu t lu t s (2006) i u 69 kho n 1 Cam k t WTO Cam k t v d ch v php l trong Bi u cam k t v th ng m i d ch v N i dung p d ng T ch c hnh ngh lu t s n c ngoi hnh ngh t i Vi t Nam d i cc hnh th c sau y: a) Chi nhnh c a t ch c hnh ngh lu t s n c ngoi (sau y g i l chi nhnh); b) Cng ty lu t TNHH m t tr m ph n tr m v n n c ngoi, cng ty lu t TNHH d i hnh th c lin doanh, cng ty lu t h p danh gi a t ch c hnh ngh lu t s n c ngoi v cng ty lu t h p danh Vi t Nam (sau y g i chung l cng ty lu t n c ngoi).

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n i u 70 Cam k t WTO (nt) N i dung p d ng Chi nhnh, cng ty lu t n c ngoi hnh ngh c th c hi n t v n php lu t v cc t i VN d ch v php l khc, khng c c lu t s n c ngoi v lu t s VN trong t ch c hnh ngh c a mnh tham gia t t ng v i t cch l ng i i di n, ng i bo ch a, ng i b o v quy n v l i ch h p php c a ng s tr c To n VN ho c th c hi n cc d ch v v gi y t php l v cng ch ng lin quan t i php lu t VN, c c lu t s VN trong t ch c hnh ngh c a mnh t v n php lu t VN.

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n i u 72 kho n 1 Cam k t WTO (nt) N i dung p d ng Cng ty lu t TNHH 100% v n n c ngoi l t ch c hnh ngh lu t s do m t ho c nhi u t ch c hnh ngh lu t s n c ngoi thnh l p t i VN. Cng ty lu t TNHH d i hnh th c lin doanh l t ch c hnh ngh lu t s lin doanh gi a t ch c hnh ngh lu t s n c ngoi v t ch c hnh ngh lu t s VN. Cng ty lu t h p danh l t ch c hnh ngh lu t s h p danh gi a t ch c hnh ngh lu t s n c ngoi v cng ty lu t h p danh VN.

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n i u 76 Cam k t WTO (nt) N i dung p d ng ct Lu t s n c ngoi hnh ngh t i VN v n php lu t n c ngoi v php lu t qu c t , c th c hi n cc d ch v php l khc lin quan n php lu t n c ngoi, c t v n php lu t VN trong tr ng h p c b ng c nhn lu t c a VN v p ng y cc yu c u t ng t nh i v i m t lu t s VN, khng c tham gia t t ng v i t cch l ng i i di n, ng i bo ch a, ng i b o v quy n v l i ch h p php c a ng s tr c To n Vi t Nam.

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n 3 Lu t ban hnh v nb n QPPL 1996 v Lu t S ,BS 3k2 Cam k t WTO Cc cam k t v minh b ch ho trong Bo co c a Ban cng tc. o n 509 v o n 519 N i dung p d ng - Trong qu trnh xy d ng v n b n quy ph m php lu t, c quan, t ch c h u quan t o i u ki n cc c quan, t ch c, c nhn tham gia gp ki n vo d th o v n b n quy ph m php lu t; t ch c l y ki n c a cc i t ng ch u s tc ng tr c ti p c a v n b n. - C quan ch tr so n th o ph i ng d th o v n b n quy ph m php lu t trn Trang tin i n t c a Chnh ph v dnh th i gian khng t h n 60 ngy cc c quan, t ch c, c nhn gp vo d th o.

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n Kho n 1 i u 10 Cam k t WTO Cc o n 507, 508, 509, 519 trong Bo co c a Ban cng tc. N i dung p d ng V n b n quy ph m php lu t c a c quan nh n c trung ng ph i c ng Cng bo, ng th i ng trn Trang tin i n t c a Chnh ph v c th c a tin trn cc ph ng ti n thng tin i chng, tr tr ng h p v n b n c n i dung thu c b m t nh n c.

NGH QUY T 71(tt)


TT Tn v n b n Cam k t WTO N i dung p d ng 1. C quan ban hnh v n b n QPPL ph i quy nh r th i i m c hi u l c c a v n b n ngay t i v n b n . 2. Vi c quy nh th i i m c hi u l c c a v n b n QPPL ph i b o m h p l nh m t o i u ki n cho vi c chu n b thi hnh v n b n c a cc c quan, t ch c, i t ng ch u s tc ng tr c ti p c a v n b n. 3. Th i i m c hi u l c c a v n b n QPPL do c quan nh n c trung ng ban hnh khng c s m h n 15 ngy k t ngy ng Cng bo, tr tr ng h p kh n c p. i u 75 Cc o n 507, Lu t 508, 509, 519 ban hnh VB QPPL ..

NHNG VAN E AT RA VE MAT PLUAT SAU WTO CO BAO NHIEU VAN BAN LUAT CO LIEN QUAN EN WTO? Co 325 van ban gom 43 luat; 31 phap lenh; 102 Ngh nh; 08 quyet nh cua TTg; 01 ch th cua TTg; 66 thong t; 71 quyet nh cua bo trng; 01 cong van cua bo, nganh; 02 van ban cua TANDTC. Cac VBQPPL cap trung ng c kien ngh sa oi, bo sung cho phu hp vi cam ket WTO trong thi gian ti la 44: gom 16 luat; 01 phap lenh; 18 ngh nh; 01 quyet nh cua TTg; 08 van ban cap bo. So van ban kien ngh ban hanh la 42 ( 8 luat; 3 phap lenh; 14 ngh nh; 17 van ban cap bo). Ngoai ra con cac van ban can c ban hanh e thc thi quyen li cua thanh vien trong quan he thng mai quoc te vi cac nc.

CAU TRUC KHUNG PHAP LUAT KINH TE

He thong cac QPham luat thc nh ieu chnh trc tiep cac quan he kinh te:
       

Phap luat ve cac loai hnh doanh nghiep; Phap luat ve th trng von; Phap luat ve hp ong; Phap luat ve s hu tr tue; Phap luat ve giao dch co bao am va pha san; Phap luat ve cac am bao xa hoi va bao ve moi trng; Phap luat ve ieu chnh cac hoat ong kinh te v mo; Phap luat ve giai quyet tranh chap;

CAU TRUC KHUNG PHAP LUAT KINH TE(tt) Cac nh che, thiet che co cau truc va chc nang rieng hnh thanh do chnh s oi hoi cua nen kinh te th trng:
  

Cac thiet che phat sinh t nhu cau phat trien cua quan he kinh te th trng; Cac thiet che hanh chnh - t phap; Cac thiet che ve he thong thong tin phap luat.

Nhng nguyen tac phap ly, nhng nh hng can ban:


 

Xuat phat t nhng quy luat von co cua nen kinh te th trng nh: t do kinh doanh, canh tranh, Xuat phat t vai tro quan ly cua nha nc trong nen kinh te th trng ( chc nang ieu chnh nhng sai lech cua th trng).

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH TRONG MOI TRNG CANH TRANH VA HOI NHAP Luat Thng Mai Viet Nam: Thng nhan gom ca nhan, phap nhan, to hp tac, ho gia nh co ang ky kinh doanh hoat ong thng mai mot cac oc lap, thng xuyen(LTM 1997) Th-ng nhn bao gm t chc kinh t -c thnh lp hp php, c nhn hot ng th-ng mi mt cch c lp, th-ng xuyn v c ng k kinh doanh.( LTM 2005)

HOAT ONG THNG MAI Hoat ong thng mai la hoat ong nham muc ch sinh li, bao gom mua ban hang hoa, cung ng dch vu, au t, xuc tien thng mai va cac hoat ong nham muc ch sinh li khac.(LTM 2005) Hoat ong thng mai la viec thc hien mot hay nhieu hanh vi thng mai cua ca nhan, to chc kinh doanh bao gom mua ban HH, cung ng dch vu; phan phoi; ai dien, ai ly TM; ky gi; thue, cho thue; thue mua; xay dng; t van; ky thuat; li-xang; au t; tai chnh, ngan hang; bao hiem; tham do, khai thac; van chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach bang ng hang khong, ng bien, ng sat, ng bo va cac hanh vi thng mai khac theo quy nh cua phap luat ( P.lenh TTTM2003).

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH (tt)


So sanh vi thuat ng kinh doanh trong Luat Doanh Nghiep(2005): Kinh doanh la viec thc hien mot, mot so hoac tat ca cac cong oan cua qua trnh au t, t san xuat en tieu thu san pham hoac cung ng dch vu tren th trng nham muc ch sinh li ( . 4 LDN 2005). Lien he: Quan niem ve thng mai trong BTA: + Thng mai hang hoa; + Thng mai s hu tr tue; + Thng mai dch vu; + Thng mai au t.

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH(tt)


Thng nhan ca nhan( the nhan): + T nhien nhan + Nang lc phap luat: Thi iem phat sinh va cham dt; noi dung nang lc phap luat( ho ten- ni c tru- tnh trang nhan than); + Nang lc hanh vi: tuoi va nang lc nhan thc * Ngi cha co nang lc hanh vi, ngi mat nang lc hanh vi, ngi han che nang lc hanh vi. Nang lc phap luat va nang lc hanh vi kinh doanh cac trng hp loai tr: ngi vo nang, ngi b cam quyen, ngi bat kha kiem nhiem.

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH(tt)


Thng nhan phap nhan ( chu the nhan tao ): + Khai niem ve phap nhan khe c lap hoi + Phap nhan theo BLDS Viet Nam - la mot to chc: - c thnh l p h p php; - Co c cau to chc chat che; - Co tai san oc lap vi ca nhan, to chc khac va t chu trach nhiem bang tai san o; - Nhan danh mnh tham gia cac quan he phap luat mot cach oc lap. Cac loai phap nhan: C quan nha nc, n v vu trang; to chc chnh tr, to chc chnh tr xa hoi; to chc kinh te; to chc xa hoi, to chc xa hoi nghe nghiep; quy xa hoi, quy t thien, . . .

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH(tt)


THNG NHAN PHAP NHAN: + Phai co nhieu ngi tham gia; + Ngi tham gia phai gop von ( phan von gop s tach bach gia tai san cua thanh vien va tai san cua phap nhan viec chuyen s hu tai san gop von cho phap nhan); + Muc ch kinh doanh. * Vai tro cua khe c lap hoi Ban ieu Le. * Viec hnh thanh va cham dt t cach phap nhan.

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH (tt)


NANG LC PHAP LUAT CUA PHAP NHAN: + Ten goi ( cac quy nh ve ten doanh nghiep trong Luat DN); + Tru s giao dch ( chi nhanh va van phong ai dien); + Quoc tch cua phap nhan ( khac vi the nhan, phap nhan khong co quyen huyet thong ch co quyen ni sinh, do vay thng quoc tch cua phap nhan c xac nh theo ni ang ky hoat ong; tuy nhien cung co nhng quan iem khac );

Quoc tch cua doanh nghiep la quoc tch cua nc, vung lanh tho ni doanh nghiep thanh lap, ang ky kinh doanhLDN 2005-.4k.20.
+ San nghiep cua phap nhan( tnh oc lap ve tai san); + Quyen va ngha vu cua phap nhan ( nhng khac biet so vi the nhan); + C che ra quyet nh cua phap nhan va van e ngi ai dien cua phap nhan.

TAI SAN CUA PHAP NHAN( DOANH NGHIEP)

Tien ong VN, ngoai te chuyen oi, vang, Nha xng, may moc, thiet b, nguyen- nhien vat lieu, Quyen s dung at Cong nghe, ban quyen SHCN, b quyet KT Cac quyen ve tai san khac nh gia tai san Von phap nh

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH(tt)


HO GIA NH CHU THE AC THU( . 105 BLDS 2005):
La to chc bao gom cac thanh vien co tai san chung e hoat ong kinh te chung trong quan he s dung at, trong san xuat nong, lam, ng nghiep va trong mot so lnh vc san xuat kinh doanh khac. Tai san chung: do thanh vien cung nhau tao lap nen, c tang cho chung, tai san c cac thanh vien thoa thuan la tai san chung. Ho gia nh chu trach nhiem dan s bang tai san chung cua ho. Neu tai san chung cua ho khong u e thc hien ngha vu chung cua ho th cac thanh vien phai lien i chu trach nhiem bang tai san rieng cua mnh.

CHUYEN E 2: NHA KINH DOANH(tt)


TO HP TAC CHU THE AC THU( . 111 BLDS 2005):
La to chc cua t ba ca nhan tr len, hnh thanh tren c s hp ong hp tac co chng thc cua UBND cap xa; cac thanh vien cung gop tai san, cong sc e thc hien nhng cong viec nhat nh, cung hng li va cung chu trach nhiem. Tai san cua to hp tac: do to vien ong gop, cung tao lap, c tang, cho chung, To hp tac chu trach nhiem dan s bang tai san chung cua to. Neu tai san chung cua to khong u e thc hien ngha vu chung cua to th cac to vien phai chu trach nhiem lien i theo phan tng ng vi phan von gop bang tai san rieng cua mnh.

HO KINH DOANH Ngh nh 88/2006/N -CP(29/08/2006): H kinh doanh do m t c nhn l cng dn Vi t Nam ho c m t nhm ng i ho c m t h gia nh lm ch , ch c ng k kinh doanh t i m t a i m, s d ng khng qu m i lao ng, khng c con d u v ch u trch nhi m b ng ton b ti s n c a mnh i v i ho t ng kinh doanh.

NHA KINH DOANH QUYEN & NGHIA VU


Quyen t do KD va nguyen tac: Luat khong cam th c phep. Cac quyen va ngha vu cua nha kinh doanh trong luat doanh nghiep T do canh tranh va canh tranh khong lanh manh.

NHNG AC IEM CUA NHA NC PHAP QUYEN 1. Tinh than thng ton luat phap:  S thong tr cua phap luat tren nhng lnh vc chu yeu cua i song xa hoi; Cong phap Phap luat cang phat trien th yeu to  LUAT cong phap thu hep lai va phai tang T phap cng luat t phap. Ton trong tnh th bac cua phap luat vai tro cua Hien Phap - C che e bao ve Hien Phap.

NHNG AC IEM CUA NHA NC PHAP QUYEN(tt) 2. S phan biet nha nc va xa hoi dan s phi nha nc hoa mot so lnh vc xa hoi:
  

Chuyen chc nang cua nha nc t cai tr sang dch vu va cung cap dch vu; Xa hoi hoa mot so lnh vc thuoc quyen lc cong; Nha nc phap quyen phat trien theo xu the ngay cang thu hep lnh vc can thiep cua nha nc ong thi tang cng hieu lc cua no.

3. Quan he quyen lc c to chc theo nguyen tac dan chu e am bao quyen lc nha nc thuoc ve nhan dan:
 

Cac quoc gia t ban: phan quyen va oi trong Cac quoc gia XHCN: quyen lc nha nc thuoc ve nhan dan phan cong va phan nhiem.

NHNG AC IEM CUA NHA NC PHAP QUYEN(tt) 4. Ton trong quyen con ngi nguyen tac ch ao hoat ong cua nha nc va xa hoi:  Nha nc cua dan, do dan va v dan;  Quyen con ngi : oi vi nha nc: Ch c lam nhng g ma luat cho phep oi vi cong dan: Nhng g luat khong cam th c phep.  Quyen con ngi va la ong lc va la muc tieu cua nha nc phap quyen.

KHAI NIEM CANH TRANH

Cnh tranh -c hiu l mt qu trnh, trong cc thnh vin tham gia th tr-ng bo m th tr-ng tiu th phi tranh ua -a ra nhng iu kin tt hn so vi nhng i th ca mnh (v khi l-ng, cht l-ng, gi c, hnh thc, mu m v nhng iu kin th-ng mi khc) iu kin c bn cnh tranh c th din ra l cc bn cung v bn cu:
  

C cc kh nng la chn v thay th Kh ng b hn ch cnh tranh theo kh nng ca mnh -c php t do tham gia th tr-ng.

LUAT CANH TRANH 2004 Hnh vi hn ch cnh tranh Hnh vi cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh

LUAT CANH TRANH 2004

Hnh vi hn ch cnh tranh l hnh vi ca doanh nghip lm gim, sai lch, cn tr cnh tranh trn th tr-ng, bao gm hnh vi tho thun hn ch cnh tranh, lm dng v tr thng lnh th tr-ng, lm dng v tr c quyn v tp trung kinh t.
Tho thun hn ch cnh tranh, Lm dng v tr thng lnh th tr-ng, lm dng v tr c quyn, Tp trung kinh t.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt)


Cc tho thun hn ch cnh tranh (d.8) bao gm:  1. Tho thun n nh gi hng ho, dch v mt cch trc tip hoc gin tip;  2. Tho thun phn chia th tr-ng tiu th, ngun cung cp hng ho, cung ng dch v;  3. Tho thun hn ch hoc kim sot s l-ng, khi l-ng sn xut, mua, bn hng ho, dch v;  4. Tho thun hn ch pht trin k thut, c ng ngh, hn ch u t-;  5. Tho thun p t cho doanh nghip khc iu kin k kt hp ng mua, bn hng ho, dch v hoc buc doanh nghip khc chp nhn cc ngha v kh ng lin quan trc tip n i t-ng ca hp ng;  6. Tho thun ngn cn, km hm, kh ng cho doanh nghip khc tham gia th tr-ng hoc pht trin kinh doanh;  7. Tho thun loi b khi th tr-ng nhng doanh nghip kh ng phi l cc bn ca tho thun;  8. Th ng ng mt hoc cc bn ca tho thun thng thu trong vic cung cp hng ho, cung ng dch v.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt)


Cc tho thun hn ch cnh tranh (HCCT)b cm:  1. Cm cc tha thun HCCT quy nh ti : 6, 7 v 8.  2. Cm cc tho thun HCCT ti : 1, 2, 3, 4 v 5 khi cc bn tham gia tho thun c th phn kt hp trn th tr-ng lin quan t 30% tr ln. Tr-ng hp min tr:  Tho thun HCCT quy nh (1-> 5) -c min tr c thi hn nu p ng mt trong cc iu kin sau nhm h gi thnh, c li cho ng-i tiu dng:  a) Hp l ho c cu t chc, m hnh KD, nng cao hiu qu KD;  b) Thc y tin b k thut, c ng ngh, nng cao cht l-ng HH, dch v;  c) Thc y vic p dng thng nht cc tiu chun cht l-ng, nh mc k thut ca chng loi sn phm;  d) Thng nht cc iu kin KD, giao hng, thanh ton nh-ng kh ng lin quan n gi v cc yu t ca gi;  ) Tng c-ng sc cnh tranh ca doanh nghip nh v va;  e) Tng c-ng sc cnh tranh ca DN VN trn th tr-ng q t.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt) 1. 1 DN -c coi l c v tr thng lnh th tr-ng nu c th phn t 30% tr ln trn th tr-ng lin quan hoc c kh nng gy hn ch cnh tranh mt cch ng k. 2. Nhm doanh nghip -c coi l c v tr thng lnh th tr-ng nu cng hnh ng nhm gy hn ch cnh tranh v thuc mt trong cc tr-ng hp sau y:  a) Hai doanh nghip c tng th phn t 50% tr ln trn th tr-ng lin quan;  b) Ba doanh nghip c tng th phn t 65% tr ln trn th tr-ng lin quan;  c) Bn doanh nghip c tng th phn t 75% tr ln trn th tr-ng lin quan. DN -c coi l c v tr c quyn nu kh ng c doanh nghip no cnh tranh v hng ho, dch v m doanh nghip kinh doanh trn th tr-ng lin quan.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt)


Cc hnh vi lm dng v tr thng lnh th tr-ng b cm(d.13):  1. Bn HH, cung ng dch v d-i gi thnh ton b nhm loi b i th cnh tranh;  2. p t gi mua, gi bn HH, dch v bt hp l hoc n nh gi bn li ti thiu gy thit hi cho khch hng;  3. Hn ch SX, phn phi HH, dch v, gii hn th tr-ng, cn tr s pht trin k thut, c ng ngh gy thit hi cho khch hng;  4. p t iu kin th-ng mi khc nhau trong giao dch nh- nhau nhm to bt bnh ng trong cnh tranh;  5. p t iu kin cho DN khc k kt hp ng mua, bn HH, dch v hoc buc DN khc chp nhn cc ngha v kh ng lin quan trc tip n i t-ng ca hp ng;  6. Ngn cn vic tham gia th tr-ng ca nhng i th cnh tranh mi Cc hnh vi lm dng v tr c quyn b cm:  1. Cc hnh vi quy nh ti iu 13 ;  2. p t cc iu kin bt li cho khch hng;  3. Li dng v tr c quyn n ph-ng thay i hoc hu b hp ng giao kt m kh ng c l do chnh ng.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt)

Tp trung kinh t l hnh vi ca doanh nghip bao gm (iu 16):


    

1. Sp nhp doanh nghip; 2. Hp nht doanh nghip; 3. Mua li doanh nghip; 4. Lin doanh gia cc doanh nghip; 5. Cc hnh vi tp trung kinh t khc theo quy nh ca php lut.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt) Tr-ng hp tp trung kinh t b cm (iu 18) Cm tp trung kinh t nu th phn kt hp ca cc doanh nghip tham gia tp trung kinh t chim trn 50% trn th tr-ng lin quan, tr tr-ng hp quy nh ti iu 19 hoc tr-ng hp doanh nghip sau khi thc hin tp trung kinh t vn thuc loi doanh nghip nh v va theo quy nh ca php lut. Tr-ng hp min tr i vi TT KT b cm (iu 19) Tp trung kinh t b cm c th -c xem xt min tr trong cc tr-ng hp sau y:  1. Mt hoc nhiu bn tham gia tp trung kinh t ang trong nguy c b gii th hoc lm vo tnh trng PS;  2. Vic tp trung KT c tc dng m rng XK hoc gp phn pht trin KT-XH, tin b k thut, c ng ngh.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt) Hnh vi cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh l hnh vi cnh tranh ca doanh nghip trong qu trnh kinh doanh tri vi cc chun mc thng th-ng v o c kinh doanh, gy thit hi hoc c th gy thit hi n li ch ca Nh n-c, quyn v li ch hp php ca doanh nghip khc hoc ng-i tiu dng.

LUAT CANH TRANH(tt) Hnh vi cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh (iu 39):  1. Ch dn gy nhm ln;  2. Xm phm b mt kinh doanh;  3. Ep buc trong kinh doanh;  4. Gim pha doanh nghip khc;  5. Gy ri hot ng kinh doanh ca DN khc;  6. Qung co nhm cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh;  7. Khuyn mi nhm cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh;  8. Phn bit i x ca hip hi;  9. Bn hng a cp bt chnh;  10. Cc hnh vi CT kh ng lnh mnh khc theo tiu ch xc nh ti LCT do CP quy nh.

TO TUNG CANH TRANH-CT KHONG LANH MANH


HO S KHIEU NAI CUC QLCT-> DAU HIEU VPPL

CUC QLCT
nh ch tra ieu tra s bo ieu tra chnh thc Ket luan ieu tra Q X LY THI HANH
Khieu nai Bo trng BTM Q x ly Khieu kien ra toa Phan quyet cua TA

Chuyen x ly HS

TO TUNG CANH TRANH-VU VIEC HAN CHE CANH TRANH


HO S KHIEU NAI CUC QLCT nh ch tra ieu tra s bo ieu tra chnh thc Bao cao ieu tra H CANH TRANH .ch g.quyet v/v CT H X LY V/v C. TRANH
Khieu nai

CUC QLCT-> DAU HIEU VPPL

Chuyen x ly HS

.tra bo sung

ieu tran Q. nh x ly THI HANH

H C. TRANH Q GQ Khieu nai Khieu kien ra toa Phan quyet cua TA

Cc hnh thc x pht vi phm php lut v cnh tranh v cc bin php khc phc hu qu (iu 117)
a) Cnh co; b) Pht tin. C th b mt hoc cc hnh thc x pht b sung sau y:
 

a) Thu hi GCN/DKKD, t-c quyn s dng GP, CC hnh ngh; b) Tch thu tang vt, ph-ng tin -c s dng vi phm PL v CT. a) C cu li doanh nghip lm dng v tr thng lnh th tr-ng; b) Chia, tch DN sp nhp, hp nht; buc bn li phn DN mua; c) Ci chnh c ng khai; d) Loi b nhng iu khon vi phm PL ra khi hp ng hoc giao dich KD; ) Cc bin php cn thit khc khc phc tc ng hn ch cnh tranh ca hnh vi vi phm.

C th b p dng mt hoc cc bin php khc phc hu qu sau( d.117 k.3):


    

T chc, c nhn c hnh vi vi phm php lut v cnh tranh gy thit hi n li ch ca Nh n-c, quyn v li ch hp php ca t chc, c nhn khc th phi bi th-ng thit hi theo quy nh ca php lut.

Mc pht tin i vi hnh vi vi phm php lut v cnh tranh (iu 118) 1. i vi hnh vi vi phm quy nh v tha thun hn ch cnh tranh, lm dng v tr thng lnh th tr-ng, lm dng v tr c quyn hoc tp trung kinh t, c quan c thm quyn x pht c th pht tin ti a n 10% tng doanh thu ca t chc, c nhn vi phm trong nm ti chnh tr-c nm thc hin hnh vi vi phm. 2. i vi hnh vi vi phm quy nh v cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh v cc hnh vi khc vi phm quy nh ca Lut ny kh ng thuc tr-ng hp quy nh ti khon 1 iu ny, c quan c thm quyn x pht tin hnh pht tin theo quy nh ca php lut v x l vi phm hnh chnh hoc theo quy nh ca php lut c lin quan. 3. Chnh ph quy nh c th mc pht tin i vi hnh vi vi phm quy nh ca Lut ny.

Thm quyn x pht, x l vi phm php lut v cnh tranh


1. Hi ng x l v vic CT, Hi ng CT c cc quyn hn sau y:  a) Pht cnh co;  b) Pht tin (10%) theo quy nh ti k.1 .118 ca Lut CT  c) Tch thu tang vt, ph-ng tin -c s dng vi phm PL CT;  d) p dng cc bin php quy nh ti cc im c, d v k. 3 .117 LCT;  ) Yu cu c quan nh n-c c thm quyn thu hi GCN/DKKD, t-c quyn s dng giy php, chng ch hnh ngh;  e) Yu cu c quan nh n-c c thm quyn p dng cc bin php quy nh ti im a v im b khon 3 iu 117 ca Lut ny. 2. C quan qun l CT c quyn p dng cc bin php quy nh ti im a k.1, im b k. 2, im c k. 3 iu 117 v k. 2 iu 118 LCT. 3. Cc c quan khc c thm quyn x pht i vi hnh vi vi phm quy nh v cnh tranh kh ng lnh mnh lin quan n

CHUYEN E 3: DOANH NGHIEP & TAI SAN DOANH NGHIEP


Khai niem va nhng ac iem phap ly cua doanh nghiep: Doanh nghiep la to chc kinh te co ten rieng, co tai san, co tru s giao dch on nh, c ang ky kinh doanh theo quy nh cua phap luat nham muc ch thc hien cac hoat ong kinh doanh. ( .4 Luat Doanh Nghiep 2005).

NHNG AC IEM CUA DOANH NGHIEP:


Doanh nghiep la chu the KD oc lap( ten, tai san, tru s, s dung lao ong,hach toan KD oc lap, t chu KD, t chu trach nhiem,) Doanh nghiep c xac lap t cach phap ly bi c quan nha nc co tham quyen ( the nhan hoac phap nhan kinh te c cap GCN ang ky kinh doanh ) Muc ch thanh lap va hoat ong cua doanh nghiep la tm kiem li nhuan

C CHE HAU KIEM NHA NUOC

N.T.DUNG HOI NGHE OI THU D.NGHIEP

C.LUAN CHU N NOI BO

LUAT DN U, NHC IEM


u iem:  Tao moi trng KD thong thoang  Gia tang toc o au t trong nc, so lng DN tang nhanh.  Thc thi quyen t do kinh doanh, t chu cua DN qua viec cai tien thu tuc KKD. Nhc iem:  Tnh ong bo trong thc thi PL con han che- LDN b gam nham bi cac luat chuyen nganh.  Con mot so vng mac sau KKD( thu tuc thue, hoa n, XNK).  Chnh sach oi vi DN con thieu nhat quan, gay kho cho DN. C che hau kiem con han che.  Ban than DN cha hieu het y ngha cua cac quy nh trong LDN do vay thc thi cha tch cc.

NHNG TIEU CH ANH GIA LDN 2005

Co hay khong viec giam chi ph gia nhap th trng( chi ph thanh lap DN) do thu tuc ro rang, chi tiet ?; Bao ve s hu cua thanh vien/co ong tot hn cha ? Giup cac nhom C oi x bnh ang vi nhau cha? Ngi quan tr DN co trach nhiem hn khong? Tnh hnh tai chnh, tnh hnh kinh doanh lieu co minh bach hn trc?

TNH CHAT PHA HAN TRACH NHIEM ( Piercing the corporate veil)
ieu 30K2&3: nh gia tai san gop von ieu 39; Thc hien gop von ieu 56: Ngha vu cua HTV, G/TG ieu 59k2: Cac hp ong phai c Hoi ong thanh vien chap thuan ieu 62: Thu hoi phan von gop a hoan tra hoac li nhuan a chia ieu 76k3: Trach nhiem cua ngi ai dien cong ty TNHH mot thanh vien.

TAI SAN DOANH NGHIEP San nghiep thng mai la toan bo tai san thuoc quyen s hu va quyen s dung hp phap cua thng nhan, phuc vu cho hoat ong thng mai nh tru s, ca hang, kho tang, trang thiet b, hang hoa, ten thng mai, bien hieu, nhan hieu hang hoa, mang li tieu thu hang hoa va cung ng dch vu, Cac yeu to tai san doanh nghiep:
  

Bat ong san ong san hu hnh Tai san vo hnh.

TONG QUAT VE QUYEN S HU Cac nguyen tac c ban cua QSH:


 

 

Chu s hu co quyen chiem hu, s dung, nh oat tai san cua mnh theo quy nh cua phap luat; Khong ai co the b han che, tc oat trai phap luat quyen s hu oi vi tai san cua mnh. Moi ngi co ngha vu ton trong QSH tai san hp phap cua ngi khac. Chu s hu co quyen t bao ve, ngan can bat ky hanh vi xam pham s hu cua mnh. Khi QSH b xam pham, chu s hu co quyen truy tm, oi lai tai san b ngi khac chiem hu, s dung, nh oat khong co can c PL; QSH phai c xac lap hay cham dt theo nhng can c do BLDS quy nh; Chu s hu thc hien moi hanh vi theo y ch cua mnh oi vi tai san, nhng khong c lam thiet hai va anh hng en li ch cua nha nc, li ch cong cong, li ch hp phap cua ngi khac; Chu s hu co the uy quyen cho ngi khac chiem hu, s dung, nh oat tai san cua mnh theo quy nh cua phap luat.

NOI DUNG CUA QUYEN S HU Quyen chiem hu: Chu s hu gi lay tai san, chi phoi kiem soat tai san, quan ly tai san,.. Quyen s dung: Quyen khai thac tai san phuc vu nhu cau sinh hoat hoac kinh doanh,.. Quyen nh oat: Quyet nh so phan thc te hay so phan phap ly cua tai san. Chu s hu co the t mnh hoac uy quyen cho ngi khac thc hien quyen nh oat oi vi tai san.

CAC HNH THC S HU( theo BLDS 1995) S hu toan dan S hu cua to chc chnh tr, to chc chnh tr xa hoi S hu tap the S hu t nhan S hu cua to chc xa hoi, to chc xa hoi nghe nghiep S hu hon hp S hu chung

CAC HNH THC S HU( theo BLDS 2005) S hu nha nc(.200) S hu tap the(.208) S hu t nhan(.211) S hu chung(.217) S hu cua to chc chnh tr, to chc chnh tr xa hoi(.227) S hu cua to chc chnh tr xa hoi nghe nghiep, to chc xa hoi, to chc xa hoi nghe nghiep(.230)

QUY N S

H U TR TU

Hm l ng tr tu trong s n ph m t ng ln cng lc v i hm l ng v t ch t trong s n ph m gi m xu ng; M t container my TD c gi tr l n h n m t container xe my v cng l n h n m t container s n lt. B o v SHTT l m t yu c u quan tr ng i v i DN, nh t l trong khng gian php lu t th ng m i ton c u. S h u ti s n h u hnh v ti s n tr tu c g khc nhau?

Cc c i m c a ti s n tr tu :  Tnh v hnh  Tnh cng ( khng tuy t i thu c v ring t m t ch th nh TS h hnh vai tr i v i s pht tri n XH)  Tnh phi sinh ( khng c n ki t m pht tri n qua qu trnh s d ng sng t o)  Tnh t ng i ( khng th b o h m t cch tuy t i nh TS h u hnh)  Tnh gi i h n v th i gian ( b o h c th i h n)

IT

NG SHTT

B n quy n & quy n lin quan

S h u cng nghi p

S H U TR TU
Gi ng cy tr ng m i

QUYEN S HU TR TUE Quyen s hu tr tue la quyen cua to chc, ca nhan oi vi tai san tr tue, bao gom quyen tac gia va quyen lien quan en quyen tac gia, quyen s hu cong nghiep va quyen oi vi giong cay trong. Quyen tac gia la quyen cua to chc, ca nhan oi vi tac pham do mnh sang tao ra hoac s hu. Quyen lien quan en quyen tac gia (sau ay goi la quyen lien quan) la quyen cua to chc, ca nhan oi vi cuoc bieu dien, ban ghi am, ghi hnh, chng trnh phat song, tn hieu ve tinh

Quy n tc gi l quy n c a t ch c, c nhn i v i tc ph m do mnh sng t o ra ho c s h u.( .4 Lu t SHTT) Tc ph m l s n ph m sng t o trong l nh v c v n h c, ngh thu t v khoa h c th hi n b ng b t k ph ng ti n hay hnh th c no.

C I M QUY N TC GI
  

C tnh nguyn g c B o h hnh th c th hi n, khng b o h t ng. Quy n tc gi pht sinh k t khi tc ph m c sng t o v th hi n d i m t hnh th c v t ch t nh t nh.

IT

NG QUY N TC GI

Cc lo i hnh tc ph m c b o h QTG ( .14 LSHTT & . 9 > .20 N 100-2006) a) Tc ph m v n h c, khoa h c, sch gio khoa, gio trnh v tc ph m khc c th hi n d i d ng ch vi t ho c k t khc; b) Bi gi ng, bi pht bi u v bi ni khc; c) Tc ph m bo ch; d) Tc ph m m nh c ( b n nh c, l i bi ht,) ) Tc ph m sn kh u; e) Tc ph m i n nh v tc ph m c t o ra theo ph ng php t ng t (sau y g i chung l tc ph m i n nh)nh : phim nh a, phim video, phim truy n hnh, g) Tc ph m t o hnh, m thu t ng d ng ( tranh, t ng,..) h) Tc ph m nhi p nh;

Cc lo i hnh tc ph m

c b o h QTG ( .14 LSHTT) tt

i) Tc ph m ki n trc( thi t k ki n trc, cng trnh xy d ng,) k) B n h a , s , b n , b n v lin quan n a hnh, cng trnh khoa h c; l) Tc ph m v n h c, ngh thu t dn gian; m) Ch ng trnh my tnh, s u t p d li u. L u : Tc ph m phi sinh ( l tc ph m d ch t ngn ng ny sang ngn ng khc, tc ph m phng tc, c i bin, chuy n th , bin so n, ch gi i, tuy n ch n,..) ch c b o h theo quy nh n u khng gy ph ng h i n quy n tc gi i v i tc ph m c dng lm tc ph m phi sinh. Tc ph m c b o h quy nh ph i do tc gi tr c ti p sng t o b ng lao ng tr tu c a mnh m khng sao chp t tc ph m c a ng i khc.

CC

IT NG KHNG THU C PH M VI B O H QUY N TC G A

Tin t c th i s thu n tu a tin (cc thng tin bo ch ng n hng ngy, ch mang tnh ch t a tin khng c tnh sng t o). V n b n quy ph m php lu t, v n b n hnh chnh, v n b n khc thu c l nh v c t php v b n d ch chnh th c c a v n b n . Quy trnh, h th ng, ph ng php ho t ng, khi ni m, nguyn l, s li u.

CH TH QUY N TC GI
Tc gi Ch s h u

TC GI

Tc gi l ng i tr c ti p sng t o ra m t ph n ho c ton b tc ph m v n h c, ngh thu t v khoa h c.  Tc gi ph i l m t ng i hay m t nhm ng i. C heo v tranh trong cc bu i xi c-khng c coi l tc gi & tc ph m ngh thu t.  Tc gi ph i l ng i tr c ti p t o ra tc ph m. GV nu t ng cho SV vi t lu n v n. Tc gi lu n v n l SV.

TC Gi (tt) G m: a) C nhn VN c tc ph m c b o h quy n tc gi ; b) C nhn n c ngoi c tc ph m c sng t o v th hi n d i hnh th c v t ch t nh t nh t i Vi t Nam; c) C nhn n c ngoi c tc ph m c cng b l n u tin t i Vi t Nam; d) C nhn n c ngoi c tc ph m c b o h t i Vi t Nam theo i u c qu c t v quy n tc gi m Vi t Nam l thnh vin. T ch c, c nhn lm cng vi c h tr , gp ki n ho c cung c p t li u cho ng i khc sng t o ra tc ph m khng c cng nh n l tc gi .

Ch s h u quy n tc gi
Ch s h u quy n tc gi l t ch c, c nhn n m gi m t, m t s ho c ton b cc quy n ti s n theo quy nh ( . 20 Lu t SHTT) bao g m: 1. T ch c, c nhn Vi t Nam; 2. T ch c, c nhn n c ngoi c tc ph m c sng t o v th hi n d i hnh th c v t ch t nh t nh t i Vi t Nam; 3. T ch c, c nhn n c ngoi c tc ph m c cng b l n u tin t i Vi t Nam; 4. T ch c, c nhn n c ngoi c tc ph m cb oh t i Vi t Nam theo i u c qu c t v quy n tc gi m Vi t Nam l thnh vin.

N I DUNG QUY N TC GI

Quy n nhn thn Quy n ti s n

QUY N NHN THN


Quy n nhn thn khng th chuy n giao cho ng i khc:  1. Quy n t tn cho tc ph m ( a con tinh th n)  2. Quy n b o v s ton v n c a tc ph m, khng cho ng i khc s a ch a, c t xn tc ph m, tr tr ng h p c tho thu n c a tc gi .  3. Quy n ng tn th t, bt danh trn tc ph m. Quy n nhn thn c th chuy n giao cho ng i khc:  Quy n cng b tc ph m ho c cho php ng i khc cng b tc ph m (pht hnh tc ph m n cng chng) qua m t h p ng chuy n giao.

QUY N TI S N
1. Quy n bi u di n tc ph m tr c cng chng (do ch s h u quy n tc gi c quy n th c hi n ho c cho php ng i khc th c hi n bi u di n tc ph m) 2. Quy n sao chp (quy n c a ch s h u quy n tc gi c quy n th c hi n ho c cho php ng i khc th c hi n vi c t o ra b n sao c a tc ph m) 3. Quy n phn ph i b n g c ho c b n sao tc ph m ( i v i tc ph m t o hnh, tc ph m nhi p nh th quy n phn ph i cn bao g m c vi c tr ng by, tri n lm tr c cng chng). 4. Quy n truy n t tc ph m n cng chng b ng ph ng ti n h u tuy n, v tuy n, m ng thng tin i n t ho c b t k ph ng ti n k thu t no khc. 5. Quy n cho thu b n g c ho c b n sao tc ph m i n nh, ch ng trnh my tnh. Khng p d ng quy n cho thu i v i ch ng trnh my tnh, khi b n thn ch ng trnh khng ph i l i t ng ch y u cho thu nh ch ng trnh my tnh g n v i vi c v n hnh bnh th ng cc lo i ph ng ti n giao thng c ng nh cc my mc, thi t b k thu t khc. 6. Quy n lm tc ph m phi sinh.

TH I i M PHT SINH QUY N TC G A


Quy n tc gi pht sinh k t ngy tc ph m c sng t o v c th hi n d i m t hnh th c v t ch t nh t nh; Quy n nhn thn ( khng th chuy n giao) thu c quy n tc gi t n t i v th i h n; Quy n ti s n thu c quy n tc gi t n t i trong th i h n do php lu t v SHTT quy nh. (Lu t SHTT v N 100/CP-2006)

Gi I H N QUY N TC Gi
Cc tr ng h p s d ng tc ph m cng b khng ph i xin php, khng ph i tr ti n nhu n bt, th lao : T sao chp m t b n nh m m c ch nghin c u khoa h c, gi ng d y c a c nhn; Trch d n h p l m khng lm sai tc gi bnh lu n ho c minh h a Trch d n tc ph m m khng lm sai tc gi vi t bo, dng trong n ph m nh k , trong ch ng trnh pht thanh, truy n hnh, phim ti li u; Trch d n tc ph m gi ng d y trong nh tr ng; Sao chp tc ph m l u tr trong th vi n v i m c ch nghin c u; Bi u di n tc ph m sn kh u, lo i hnh bi u di n ngh thu t khc trong cc bu i sinh ho t v n ho, tuyn truy n c ng khng thu ti n d i b t k hnh th c no; Ghi m, ghi hnh tr c ti p bu i bi u di n a tin th i s ho c gi ng d y; Ch p nh, truy n hnh tc ph m t o hnh, ki n trc, nhi p nh, m thu t ng d ng c tr ng by t i n i cng c ng nh m gi i thi u hnh nh c a tc ph m ; Chuy n tc ph m sang ch n i ho c ngn ng khc cho ng i khi m th ; Nh p kh u b n sao tc ph m c a ng i khc s d ng ring.

Cc tr

ng h p s d ng tc ph m cng b khng ph i xin php nh ng ph i tr ti n nhu n bt, th lao

T ch c pht sng s d ng tc ph m cng b th c hi n ch ng trnh pht sng c ti tr , qu ng co ho c thu ti n d i b t k hnh th c no khng ph i xin php nh ng ph i tr ti n nhu n bt, th lao cho ch s h u quy n tc gi theo quy nh c a Chnh ph . T ch c, c nhn s d ng tc ph m (ni trn) khng c lm nh h ng n vi c khai thc bnh th ng tc ph m, khng gy ph ng h i n cc quy n c a tc gi , ch s h u quy n tc gi ; ph i thng tin v tn tc gi v ngu n g c, xu t x c a tc ph m. Vi c s d ng tc ph m trong cc tr ng h p quy nh v a nu khng p d ng i v i tc ph m i n nh.

TH I H N B O H

QUY N TC Gi

Quy n nhn thn ( khng th chuy n giao) c b o h v th i h n. Quy n nhn thn ( c th chuy n giao) v quy n ti s n c th i h n b o h nh sau: a) Tc ph m i n nh, nhi p nh, sn kh u, m thu t ng d ng, tc ph m khuy t danh c th i h n b o h l n m m i n m, k t khi tc ph m c cng b l n u tin. Trong th i h n n m m i n m, k t khi tc ph m i n nh, tc ph m sn kh u c nh hnh, n u tc ph m ch a c cng b th th i h n c tnh t khi tc ph m c nh hnh; i v i tc ph m khuy t danh, khi cc thng tin v tc gi c xu t hi n th th i h n b o h c tnh theo quy nh b) Tc ph m khng thu c lo i hnh quy nh (t i i m a ) c th i h n b o h l su t cu c i tc gi v n m m i n m ti p theo n m tc gi ch t; trong tr ng h p tc ph m c ng tc gi th th i h n b o h ch m d t vo n m th n m m i sau n m ng tc gi cu i cng ch t; c) Th i h n b o h quy nh (t i i m a v i m b )ch m d t vo th i i m 24 gi ngy 31 thng 12 c a n m ch m d t th i h n b o h quy n tc gi .

u i

Cong ngh sang tao Dau hi u phan bi t Phai ang ky

ang ky

B quyet ky thua t b ma t kinh doanh

Ten thng mai

Sang he; GPHI; kieu dang Nhan hieu; ong nghiep Ch dan a ly Thiet ke bo tr ma h t h hp

QUYEN S HU TR TUE(tt) Quyen s hu cong nghiep la quyen cua to chc, ca nhan oi vi sang che, kieu dang cong nghiep, thiet ke bo tr mach tch hp ban dan, nhan hieu, ten thng mai, ch dan a ly, b mat kinh doanh do mnh sang tao ra hoac s hu va quyen chong canh tranh khong lanh manh. Quyen oi vi giong cay trong la quyen cua to chc, ca nhan oi vi giong cay trong mi do mnh chon tao hoac phat hien va phat trien hoac c hng quyen s hu.

Q SHCN: SANG CHE & GIAI PHAP HU CH Sang che la giai phap ky thuat di dang san pham hoac quy trnh nham giai quyet mot van e xac nh bang viec ng dung cac quy luat t nhien. Kieu dang cong nghiep la hnh dang ben ngoai cua san pham c the hien bang hnh khoi, ng net, mau sac hoac s ket hp nhng yeu to nay.

Q SHCN:THIET KE BO TR
Mach tch hp ban dan la san pham di dang thanh pham hoac ban thanh pham, trong o cac phan t vi t nhat mot phan t tch cc va mot so hoac tat ca cac moi lien ket c gan lien ben trong hoac ben tren tam vat lieu ban dan nham thc hien chc nang ien t. Mach tch hp ong ngha vi IC, chip va mach vi ien t. Thiet ke bo tr mach tch hp ban dan (sau ay goi la thiet ke bo tr) la cau truc khong gian cua cac phan t mach va moi lien ket cac phan t

Q SHCN: NHAN HIEU HANG HOA


Nhan hieu la dau hieu dung e phan biet hang hoa, dch vu cua cac to chc, ca nhan khac nhau. Nhan hieu tap the la nhan hieu dung e phan biet hang hoa, dch vu cua cac thanh vien cua to chc la chu s hu nhan hieu o vi hang hoa, dch vu cua to chc, ca nhan khong phai la thanh vien cua to chc o.

Q SHCN: NHAN HIEU HANG HOA


Nhan hieu chng nhan la nhan hieu ma chu s hu nhan hieu cho phep to chc, ca nhan khac s dung tren hang hoa, dch vu cua to chc, ca nhan o e chng nhan cac ac tnh ve xuat x, nguyen lieu, vat lieu, cach thc san xuat hang hoa, cach thc cung cap dch vu, chat lng, o chnh xac, o an toan hoac cac ac tnh khac cua hang hoa, dch vu mang nhan hieu.

Q SHCN: NHAN HIEU HANG HOA


Nhan hieu lien ket la cac nhan hieu do cung mot chu the ang ky, trung hoac tng t nhau dung cho san pham, dch vu cung loai hoac tng t nhau hoac co lien quan vi nhau. Nhan hieu noi tieng la nhan hieu c ngi tieu dung biet en rong rai tren toan lanh tho Viet Nam.( . 75 L. SHTT)

Q SHCN: TEN THNG MAI Ten thng mai la ten goi cua to chc, ca nhan dung trong hoat ong kinh doanh e phan biet chu the kinh doanh mang ten goi o vi chu the kinh doanh khac trong cung lnh vc va khu vc kinh doanh. Khu vc kinh doanh la khu vc a ly ni chu the kinh doanh co ban hang, khach hang hoac co danh tieng.

Q SHCN: CH DAN A LY- B MAT KD Ch dan a ly la dau hieu dung e ch san pham co nguon goc t khu vc, a phng, vung lanh tho hay quoc gia cu the. B mat kinh doanh la thong tin thu c t hoat ong au t tai chnh, tr tue, cha c boc lo va co kha nang s dung trong kinh doanh.

GIONG CAY TRONG Giong cay trong la quan the cay trong thuoc cung mot cap phan loai thc vat thap nhat, ong nhat ve hnh thai, on nh qua cac chu ky nhan giong, co the nhan biet c bang s bieu hien cac tnh trang do kieu gen hoac s phoi hp cua cac kieu gen quy nh va phan biet c vi bat ky quan the cay trong nao khac bang s bieu hien cua t nhat mot tnh trang co kha nang di truyen c.

IEU KIEN BAO HO SANG CHE


1. Sang che c bao ho =>Bang oc quyen sang che neu ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay:
  

a) Co tnh mi; b) Co trnh o sang tao; c) Co kha nang ap dung cong nghiep.

2. Sang che c bao ho =>Bang oc quyen giai phap hu ch neu khong phai la hieu biet thong thng va ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay:
 

a) Co tnh mi; b) Co kha nang ap dung cong nghiep.(xem .59->62 LSHTT)

IEU KIEN BAO HO KDCN KDCN c bao ho neu ap ng cac ieu kien:
  

1. Co tnh mi; 2. Co tnh sang tao; 3. Co kha nang ap dung cong nghiep.

Cac oi tng sau ay khong c bao ho vi danh ngha kieu dang cong nghiep:


 

1. Hnh dang ben ngoai cua san pham do ac tnh ky thuat cua san pham bat buoc phai co; 2. Hnh dang ben ngoai cua cong trnh xay dng dan dung hoac cong nghiep; 3. Hnh dang cua san pham khong nhn thay c trong qua trnh s dung san pham.

IEU KIEN BAO HO TKE BTR


Thiet ke bo tr c bao ho neu ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay:
 

1. Co tnh nguyen goc; 2. Co tnh mi thng mai.

oi tng khong c bao ho vi danh ngha thiet ke bo tr (ieu 69. LSHTT):




1. Nguyen ly, quy trnh, he thong, phng phap c thc hien bi mach tch hp ban dan; 2. Thong tin, phan mem cha trong mach tch hp ban dan.( xem .68-71 LSHTT)

BAO HO NHAN HIEU Nhan hieu c bao ho neu ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay:


1. La dau hieu nhn thay c di dang ch cai, t ng, hnh ve, hnh anh, ke ca hnh ba chieu hoac s ket hp cac yeu to o, c the hien bang mot hoac nhieu mau sac; 2. Co kha nang phan biet hang hoa, dch vu cua chu s hu nhan hieu vi hang hoa, dch vu cua chu the khac.

BAO HO NHAN HIEU(tt)


Cac dau hieu sau ay khong c bao ho vi danh ngha NH:( .73) 1. Trung hoac tng t en mc gay nham lan vi hnh quoc ky, quoc huy cua cac nc; 2. Trung hoac tng t en mc gay nham lan vi bieu tng, c, huy hieu, ten viet tat, ten ay u cua c quan NN, to chc CT, to chc CT-XH, to chc CTXH - nghe nghiep, to chc XH, to chc XH - nghe nghiep cua VN va to chc quoc te, neu khong c c quan, to chc o cho phep; 3. Trung hoac tng t en mc gay nham lan vi ten that, biet hieu, but danh, hnh anh cua lanh tu, anh hung dan toc, danh nhan cua VN, cua nc ngoai; 4. Trung hoac tng t en mc gay nham lan vi dau chng nhan, dau kiem tra, dau bao hanh cua to chc quoc te ma to chc o co yeu cau khong c s dung, tr trng hp chnh to chc nay ang ky cac dau o lam nhan hieu chng nhan; 5. Lam hieu sai lech, gay nham lan hoac co tnh chat la doi ngi tieu dung ve nguon goc xuat x, tnh nang, cong dung, chat lng, gia tr hoac cac ac tnh khac cua hang hoa, dch vu.( xem . 72-75)

BAO HO TEN THNG MAI


Ten thng mai c bao ho neu co kha nang phan biet chu the KD mang ten thng mai o vi chu the kinh doanh khac trong cung lnh vc va khu vc KD. oi tng khong c bao ho vi danh ngha ten thng mai (ieu 77.): Ten cua c quan nha nc, to chc chnh tr, to chc chnh tr - xa hoi, to chc chnh tr xa hoi nghe nghiep, to chc xa hoi, to chc xa hoi nghe nghiep hoac chu the khac khong lien quan en hoat ong kinh doanh th khong c bao ho vi danh ngha ten thng mai.( 76-78)

BAO HO CH DAN A LY Ch dan a ly c bao ho neu ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay:


1. San pham mang ch dan a ly co nguon goc a ly t khu vc, a phng, vung lanh tho hoac nc tng ng vi ch dan a ly; 2. San pham mang ch dan a ly co danh tieng, chat lng hoac ac tnh chu yeu do ieu kien a ly cua khu vc, a phng, vung lanh tho hoac nc tng ng vi ch dan a ly o quyet nh.

BAO HO CH DAN A LY(tt) Cac oi tng sau ay khong c bao ho vi danh ngha ch dan a ly:
 

1. Ten goi, ch dan a tr thanh ten goi chung cua hang hoa Viet Nam; 2. Ch dan a ly cua nc ngoai ma tai nc o ch dan a ly khong c bao ho, a b cham dt bao ho hoac khong con c s dung; 3. Ch dan a ly trung hoac tng t vi mot nhan hieu ang c bao ho, neu viec s dung ch dan a ly o c thc hien th se gay nham lan ve nguon goc cua san pham; 4. Ch dan a ly gay hieu sai lech cho ngi tieu dung ve nguon goc a ly thc cua san pham mang ch dan a ly

BAO HO B MAT KINH DOANH B mat kinh doanh c bao ho neu ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay:
 

1. Khong phai la hieu biet thong thng va khong de dang co c; 2. Khi c s dung trong kinh doanh se tao cho ngi nam gi b mat kinh doanh li the so vi ngi khong nam gi hoac khong s dung b mat kinh doanh o; 3. c chu s hu bao mat bang cac bien phap can thiet e b mat kinh doanh o khong b boc lo va khong de dang tiep can c.

NGUYEN TAC (GII HAN) CUA QUYEN SHTT


1. Chu the quyen s hu tr tue ch c thc hien quyen cua mnh trong pham vi va thi han bao ho theo quy nh cua Luat SHTT. 2. Viec thc hien quyen s hu tr tue khong c xam pham li ch cua Nha nc, li ch cong cong, quyen va li ch hp phap cua to chc, ca nhan khac va khong c vi pham cac quy nh khac cua phap luat co lien quan. 3. Trong trng hp nham bao am muc tieu quoc phong, an ninh, dan sinh va cac li ch khac cua Nha nc, xa hoi quy nh tai Luat SHTT, Nha nc co quyen cam hoac han che chu the quyen s hu tr tue thc hien quyen cua mnh hoac buoc chu the quyen s hu tr tue phai cho phep to chc, ca nhan khac s dung mot hoac mot so quyen cua mnh vi nhng ieu kien phu hp.

TOM TAT VE QUYEN S HU CONG NGHIEP

Noi dung QSHCN: Quyen chiem hu; oc quyen s dung; Chuyen giao quyen s dung, quyen s hu oi tng. Lu y mot so gii han cua QSHCN: thi gian, quyen cua ngi s dung trc, licence khong t nguyen, quyen tac gia, nh ch hieu lc bao ho,..

VAN BANG BAO HO


Van bang bao ho la van ban do c quan nha nc co tham quyen cap cho to chc, ca nhan nham xac lap quyen s hu cong nghiep oi vi sang che, kieu dang cong nghiep, thiet ke bo tr, nhan hieu, ch dan a ly; quyen oi vi giong cay trong. Van bang bao ho gom Bang oc quyen sang che, Bang oc quyen giai phap hu ch, Bang oc quyen kieu dang cong nghiep, Giay chng nhan ang ky thiet ke bo tr mach tch hp ban dan, Giay chng nhan ang ky nhan hieu va Giay chng nhan ang ky ch dan a ly.

HIEU LC CUA VAN BANG BH


Van bang bao ho co hieu lc tren toan lanh tho VN. Bang oc quyen sang che co hieu lc t ngay cap va keo dai en het hai mi nam ke t ngay nop n. Bang oc quyen giai phap hu ch co hieu lc t ngay cap va keo dai en het mi nam ke t ngay nop n. Bang oc quyen kieu dang cong nghiep co hieu lc t ngay cap va keo dai en het nam nam ke t ngay nop n, co the gia han hai lan lien tiep, moi lan nam nam.

HIEU LC CUA VAN BANG BH


Giay chng nhan ang ky thiet ke bo tr mach tch hp ban dan co hieu lc t ngay cap va cham dt vao ngay sm nhat trong so nhng ngay sau ay: a) Ket thuc mi nam ke t ngay nop n; b) Ket thuc mi nam ke t ngay thiet ke bo tr c ngi co quyen ang ky hoac ngi c ngi o cho phep khai thac thng mai lan au tien tai bat ky ni nao tren the gii; c) Ket thuc mi lam nam ke t ngay tao ra thiet ke bo tr.

HIEU LC CUA VAN BANG BH Giay chng nhan ang ky nhan hieu co hieu lc t ngay cap en het mi nam ke t ngay nop n, co the gia han nhieu lan lien tiep, moi lan mi nam. Giay chng nhan ang ky ch dan a ly co hieu lc vo thi han ke t ngay cap.

CHAM DT HIEU LC VBBH


Chu van bang bao ho khong nop le ph duy tr hieu lc hoac gia han hieu lc; Chu van bang bao ho tuyen bo t bo quyen s hu cong nghiep; Chu van bang bao ho khong con ton tai hoac chu GCN K nhan hieu khong con hoat ong kinh doanh ma khong co ngi ke tha hp phap; Nhan hieu khong c chu s hu hoac ngi c chu s hu cho phep s dung trong thi han nam nam lien tuc trc ngay co yeu cau cham dt hieu lc ma khong co ly do chnh ang, tr trng hp viec s dung c bat au hoac bat au lai trc t nhat ba thang tnh en ngay co yeu cau cham dt hieu lc;

CHAM DT HIEU LC VBBH(tt)


Chu GCN K nhan hieu oi vi nhan hieu tap the khong kiem soat hoac kiem soat khong co hieu qua viec thc hien quy che s dung nhan hieu tap the; Chu GCN K oi vi nhan hieu chng nhan vi pham quy che s dung nhan hieu chng nhan hoac khong kiem soat, kiem soat khong co hieu qua viec thc hien quy che s dung nhan hieu chng nhan; Cac ieu kien a ly tao nen danh tieng, chat lng, ac tnh cua san pham mang ch dan a ly b thay oi lam mat danh tieng, chat lng, ac tnh cua san pham o.

HUY BO HIEU LC VB BAO HO


VBBH b huy bo toan bo hieu lc khi :


a) Ngi nop n ang ky khong co quyen ang ky va khong c chuyen nhng quyen ang ky oi vi sang che, KDCN, thiet ke bo tr, nhan hieu; b) oi tng s hu cong nghiep khong ap ng cac ieu kien bao ho tai thi iem cap van bang bao ho.

Van bang bao ho b huy bo mot phan hieu lc trong trng hp phan o khong ap ng ieu kien bao ho.

CAC HVI B COI LA C.TRANH KHONG L.MANH:

a) S dung ch dan thng mai gay nham lan ve chu the kinh doanh, hoat ong kinh doanh, nguon goc thng mai cua hang hoa, dch vu; b) S dung ch dan thng mai gay nham lan ve xuat x, cach san xuat, tnh nang, chat lng, so lng hoac ac iem khac cua hang hoa, dch vu; ve ieu kien cung cap hang hoa, dch vu;

CAC HVI B COI LA C.TRANH KHONG L.MANH(tt): c) S dung nhan hieu c bao ho tai mot nc la thanh vien cua ieu c quoc te co quy nh cam ngi ai dien hoac ai ly cua chu s hu nhan hieu s dung nhan hieu o ma Cong hoa xa hoi chu ngha Viet Nam cung la thanh vien, neu ngi s dung la ngi ai dien hoac ai ly cua chu s hu nhan hieu va viec s dung o khong c s ong y cua chu s hu nhan hieu va khong co ly do chnh ang;

CAC HVI B COI LA C.TRANH KHONG L.MANH(tt):

d) ang ky, chiem gi quyen s dung hoac s dung ten mien trung hoac tng t gay nham lan vi nhan hieu, ten thng mai c bao ho cua ngi khac hoac ch dan a ly ma mnh khong co quyen s dung nham muc ch chiem gi ten mien, li dung hoac lam thiet hai en uy tn, danh tieng cua nhan hieu, ten thng mai, ch dan a ly tng ng.

CAC HVI B COI LA C.TRANH KHONG L.MANH(tt): Ch dan thng mai la cac dau hieu, thong tin nham hng dan thng mai hang hoa, dch vu, bao gom nhan hieu, ten thng mai, bieu tng kinh doanh, khau hieu kinh doanh, ch dan a ly, kieu dang bao b cua hang hoa, nhan hang hoa. Hanh vi s dung ch dan thng mai bao gom cac hanh vi gan ch dan thng mai o len hang hoa, bao b hang hoa, phng tien dch vu, giay t giao dch kinh doanh, phng tien quang cao; ban, quang cao e ban, tang tr e ban, nhap khau hang

CHUYEN NHNG QUYEN SHCN Chuyen nhng quyen s hu cong nghiep la viec chu s hu quyen s hu cong nghiep chuyen giao quyen s hu cua mnh cho to chc, ca nhan khac. Viec chuyen nhng quyen s hu cong nghiep phai c thc hien di hnh thc hp ong bang van ban (sau ay goi la hp ong chuyen nhng quyen s hu cong nghiep).

Cac ieu kien han che viec chuyen nhng QSHCN


Chu s hu quyen s hu cong nghiep ch c chuyen nhng quyen cua mnh trong pham vi c bao ho. Quyen oi vi ch dan a ly khong c chuyen nhng. Quyen oi vi ten thng mai ch c chuyen nhng cung vi viec chuyen nhng toan bo c s kinh doanh va hoat ong kinh doanh di ten thng mai o. Viec chuyen nhng quyen oi vi nhan hieu khong c gay ra s nham lan ve ac tnh, nguon goc cua hang hoa, dch vu mang nhan hieu. Quyen oi vi nhan hieu ch c chuyen nhng cho to chc, ca nhan ap ng cac ieu kien oi vi ngi co quyen ang ky

Noi dung hp ong chuyen nhng QSHCN :

Ten va a ch ay u cua ben chuyen nhng va ben c chuyen nhng; Can c chuyen nhng; Gia chuyen nhng; Quyen va ngha vu cua ben chuyen nhng va ben c chuyen nhng.

CHUYEN QUYEN S DUNG OI TNG SHCN

Chuyen quyen s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep la viec chu s hu oi tng s hu cong nghiep cho phep to chc, ca nhan khac s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep thuoc pham vi quyen s dung cua mnh. Viec chuyen quyen s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep phai c thc hien di hnh thc hp ong bang van ban (sau ay goi la hp ong s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep).

Han che viec chuyen quyen s dung oi tngSHCN


Quyen s dung ch dan a ly, ten thng mai khong c chuyen giao. Quyen s dung nhan hieu tap the khong c chuyen giao cho to chc, ca nhan khong phai la thanh vien cua chu s hu nhan hieu tap the o. Ben c chuyen quyen khong c ky ket hp ong th cap vi ben th ba, tr trng hp c ben chuyen quyen cho phep. Ben c chuyen quyen s dung nhan hieu co ngha vu ghi ch dan tren hang hoa, bao b hang hoa ve viec hang hoa o c san xuat theo hp ong s dung nhan hieu. Ben c chuyen quyen s dung sang che theo hp ong oc quyen co ngha vu s dung sang che nh chu s hu sang che theo quy nh (k. 1 . 136 : ap ng nhu cau quoc phong, an ninh, cha benh; buoc chuyen nhng)

Cac dang Hp ong s dung oi tng SHCN:


1. Hp ong oc quyen : trong pham vi va thi han chuyen giao, ben c chuyen quyen c oc quyen s dung oi tng, ben chuyen quyen khong c ky ket hp ong s dung oi tng vi bat ky ben th ba nao va ch c s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep o neu c phep cua ben c chuyen quyen; 2. Hp ong khong oc quyen : trong pham vi va thi han chuyen giao quyen s dung, ben chuyen quyen van co quyen s dung oi tng, quyen ky ket hp ong s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep khong oc quyen vi ngi khac; 3. Hp ong s dung oi tng SHCN th cap : ben chuyen quyen la ngi c chuyen giao quyen s dung oi tng SHCN o theo mot hp ong khac.

Noi dung chu yeu H s dung oi tng SHCN: a) Ten va a ch ay u cua cac ben; b) Can c chuyen giao quyen s dung; c) Dang hp ong; d) Pham vi chuyen giao, gom gii han quyen s dung, gii han lanh tho; ) Thi han hp ong; e) Gia chuyen giao quyen s dung; g) Quyen va ngha vu cua cac ben.

LU Y:
Hp ong khong c co cac ieu khoan han che bat hp ly quyen cua ben c chuyen quyen, ac biet la cac ieu khoan khong xuat phat t quyen cua ben chuyen quyen sau ay: a) Cam ben c chuyen quyen cai tien oi tng SHCN, tr nhan hieu; buoc ben c chuyen quyen phai chuyen giao mien ph cho ben chuyen quyen cac cai tien oi tng s hu cong nghiep hoac quyen ang ky s hu cong nghiep, quyen s hu cong nghiep oi vi cac cai tien o; b) Trc tiep hoac gian tiep han che ben c chuyen quyen xuat khau hang hoa, dch vu c san xuat hoac cung cap theo hp ong s dung oi tng s hu cong nghiep sang cac vung lanh tho khong phai la ni ma ben chuyen quyen nam gi quyen s hu cong nghiep tng ng hoac co oc quyen nhap khau hang hoa o;

LU Y:
c) Buoc ben c chuyen quyen phai mua toan bo hoac mot ty le nhat nh cac nguyen lieu, linh kien hoac thiet b cua ben chuyen quyen hoac cua ben th ba do ben chuyen quyen ch nh ma khong nham muc ch bao am chat lng hang hoa, dch vu do ben c chuyen quyen san xuat hoac cung cap; d) Cam ben c chuyen quyen khieu kien ve hieu lc cua quyen s hu cong nghiep hoac quyen chuyen giao cua ben chuyen quyen. Cac ieu khoan trong H thuoc cac trng hp nay mac nhien b vo hieu.

BAT BUOC CHUYEN GIAO QUYEN S DUNG OI VI SANG CHE Can c bat buoc chuyen giao : Trong cac trng hp sau ay, quyen s dung sang che c chuyen giao cho to chc, ca nhan khac s dung theo quyet nh cua c quan nha nc co tham quyen ma khong can c s ong y cua ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che: a) Viec s dung sang che nham muc ch cong cong, phi thng mai, phuc vu quoc phong, an ninh, phong benh, cha benh, dinh dng cho nhan dan hoac ap ng cac nhu cau cap thiet cua xa hoi;

BAT BUOC CHUYEN GIAO QUYEN S DUNG OI VI SANG CHE(tt)


b) Ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che khong thc hien ngha vu s dung sang che quy nh (tai k.1 . 136 va k. 5 .142 ve ngha vu ap ng yeu cau quoc phong, an ninh;..) sau khi ket thuc 4 nam ke t ngay nop n ang ky sang che va ket thuc 3 nam ke t ngay cap Bang oc quyen SC; c) Ngi co nhu cau s dung sang che khong at c thoa thuan vi ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che ve viec ky ket hp ong s dung sang che mac du trong mot thi gian hp ly a co gang thng lng vi mc gia va cac ieu kien thng mai thoa ang; d) Ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che b coi la thc hien hanh vi han che canh tranh b cam theo quy nh cua phap luat ve canh tranh.

LU Y: Ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che co quyen yeu cau cham dt quyen s dung khi can c chuyen giao quy nh khong con ton tai va khong co kha nang tai xuat hien vi ieu kien viec cham dt quyen s dung o khong gay thiet hai cho ngi c chuyen giao quyen s dung sang che.

BAT BUOC CHUYEN GIAO QUYEN S DUNG OI VI SANG CHE(tt)


Quyen s dung sang che c chuyen giao theo quyet nh cua c quan nha nc co tham quyen phai phu hp vi cac ieu kien sau ay: a) Quyen s dung c chuyen giao thuoc dang khong oc quyen; b) Quyen s dung c chuyen giao ch c gii han trong pham vi va thi han u e ap ng muc tieu chuyen giao va chu yeu e cung cap cho th trng trong nc. oi vi sang che trong lnh vc cong nghe ban dan th viec chuyen giao quyen s dung ch nham muc ch cong cong, phi thng mai hoac nham x ly hanh vi han che canh tranh theo quy nh cua phap luat ve canh tranh;

BAT BUOC CHUYEN GIAO QUYEN S DUNG OI VI SANG CHE(tt)


c) Ngi c chuyen giao quyen s dung khong c chuyen nhng quyen o cho ngi khac, tr trng hp chuyen nhng cung vi c s kinh doanh cua mnh va khong c chuyen giao quyen s dung th cap cho ngi khac; d) Ngi c chuyen giao quyen s dung phai tra cho ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che mot khoan tien en bu thoa ang tuy thuoc vao gia tr kinh te cua quyen s dung o trong tng trng hp cu the phu hp vi khung gia en bu do

BAT BUOC CHUYEN GIAO QUYEN S DUNG OI VI SANG CHE(tt)


Ngoai cac ieu kien quy nh, quyen s dung sang che c chuyen giao con phai ap ng cac ieu kien sau ay: a) Ngi nam oc quyen s dung sang che c ban cung c chuyen giao quyen s dung sang che phu thuoc vi nhng ieu kien hp ly; b) Ngi c chuyen giao quyen s dung sang che c ban khong c chuyen nhng quyen o, tr trng hp chuyen nhng cung vi toan bo quyen oi vi sang che phu thuoc.

CHUYEN E 4: TAI PHAN TRONG KINH DOANH

M ts v n Ti phn

chung v h p

ng

HP ONG KHAI NIEM & NGUYEN TAC


Hp ong la s thoa thuan gia hai hay nhieu ben ve viec chuyen giao mot vat, lam hay khong lam mot cong viec. ( . 1101 BLDS Phap). Hp ong dan s la s thoa thuan gia cac ben ve viec xac lap, thay oi hoac cham dt quyen, ngha vu dan s. ( . 388 BLDS 2005). NGUYEN TAC GIAO KET HDS:  T do giao ket hp ong, nhng khong c trai phap luat, ao c xa hoi.  T nguyen, bnh ang, thien ch, hp tac, trung thc va ngay thang.

CAC YEU TO CUA HP ONG


S ng thuan ( hiep y):
   

Li e ngh giao ket H ( minh th hay mac nhien) Chap nhan e ngh s im lang Thi iem giao ket H Cac trng hp khiem khuyet cua s ng thuan: nham lan, gian tra, bao hanh, oi vi ca nhan: v thanh nien, vo nang, han che nang lc hanh vi, cac trng hp b han che theo Luat Doanh nghiep. oi vi to chc: t cach phap nhan Ngi ai dien: theo phap luat va theo uy quyen.

Nang lc giao ket H:




 

oi tng cua H: ro rang, chnh xac; hp phap; co the thc hien c.

CAC LOAI HP ONG DAN S CHU YEU (. 406 )


H song vu la hp ong ma moi ben eu co ngha vu oi vi nhau; H n vu la hp ong ma ch mot ben co ngha vu; H chnh la hp ong ma hieu lc khong phu thuoc vao hp ong phu; H phu la hp ong ma hieu lc phu thuoc vao hp ong chnh; H v li ch cua ngi th ba la hp ong ma cac ben giao ket hp ong eu phai thc hien ngha vu va ngi th ba c hng li ch t viec thc hien ngha vu o; H co ieu kien la hp ong ma viec thc hien phu thuoc vao viec phat sinh, thay oi hoac cham dt mot s kien nhat nh.

IEU KIEN HIEU LC CUA HP ONG


ieu kien ve chu the hp ong, Ngi ai dien ky H, Noi dung hp ong khong vi pham ieu cam, am bao cac nguyen tac cua H theo quy nh( thoa thuan y ch, bnh ang,), Hnh thc cua H phu hp vi quy nh PL.

TAI PHAN TRONG KINH DOANH T thng lng Hoa giai Trong tai thng mai Toa an Tnh toi u cua t thng lng, hoa giai: - Gi c tnh cam kinh doanh; - Nhanh chong; - Khong ton kem; - Gi b mat kinh doanh

Tranh chap kinh doanh, thng mai co mot so dau hieu ac trng:
Phat sinh trc tiep t cac quan he kinh doanh va luon gan lien vi hoat ong kinh doanh, thng mai La van e thuoc quyen t nh oat cua cac ben tranh chap. Cac tranh chap ve kinh doanh, thng mai eu phat sinh t nhng quan he c thiet lap tren c s t nguyen, bnh ang va thoa thuan (thuoc lnh vc cua luat t). Chnh v the, khi tranh chap nay sinh, cac chu the co toan quyen quyet nh cac van e lien quan en viec giai quyet chung. Cac ben tranh chap thng la chu the kinh doanh, Do vay, giai quyet tranh chap kinh doanh, thng mai bang thng lng hoac hoa giai la phng thc thng c cac ben tranh chap s dung co hieu qua. La nhng tranh chap mang yeu to vat chat va thng co gia tr ln.

KHAI NIEM
Giai quyet tranh chap kinh doanh, thng mai bang Toa an la hnh thc giai quyet tranh chap thong qua hoat ong cua c quan tai phan Nha nc, nhan danh quyen lc Nha nc e a ra phan quyet buoc cac ben co ngha vu thi hanh, ke ca bang sc manh cng che. Cac ng s thng tm en s tr giup cua Toa an nh mot giai phap cuoi cung e bao ve co hieu qua cac quyen, li ch cua mnh khi ho that bai trong viec s dung c che thng lng hoac hoa giai, va cung khong muon vu tranh chap gia ho c giai quyet bang con ng trong tai.

Hnh thc giai quyet tranh chap T.A. co mot so ac iem c ban nh:
TA la c quan tai phan nhan danh quyen lc NN e giai quyet tranh chap; phan quyet cua TA c bao am thi hanh bang sc manh cng che cua NN. Viec giai quyet tranh chap tai Toa an phai tuan thu nghiem ngat cac quy nh manh tnh hnh thc cua phap luat to tung. ac iem nay co the gay tr ngai cho cac ben tranh chap v tnh chat cua hoat ong kinh doanh thng mai oi hoi moi thu tuc phai rat linh hoat va mem deo. Toa an giai quyet tranh chap theo nguyen tac xet x cong khai. (mot so trng hp ac biet, can gi b mat nha nc hoac b mat nghe nghiep theo yeu cau chnh ang cua ng s, Toa an co the xet x kn nhng phai tuyen an cong khai). Viec giai quyet tranh chap tai Toa an co the qua nhieu cap xet x: s tham va phuc tham Toa an giai quyet cac tranh chap theo nguyen tac xet x tap the va quyet nh theo a so.

TO CHC TOA AN NHAN DAN


TANDTC gom cac toa:  Toa Hnh s  Toa Dan s  Toa Kinh te  Toa Hanh chnh  Toa Lao ong  Toa Phuc tham TAND c p t nh:  Cac toa chuyen trach giong TANDTC, khong co Toa phuc tham TAND Huyen, Quan,

TAI PHAN TRONG KINH DOANH(tt)


THAM QUYEN CUA TOA AN Tham quyen theo vu, viec: 1- Tranh chap phat sinh trong hoat ong KD, thng mai gia ca nhan, to chc co KKD vi nhau va eu co muc ch li nhuan gom: mua ban hang hoa; cung ng dch vu; phan phoi; ai dien, ai ly; ky gi; thue, cho thue, thue mua; xay dng; t van, ky thuat; van chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach bang ng sat, ng bo, ng thuy noi a (*), van chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach bang ng hang khong, ng bien; mua ban co phieu, trai phieu va giay t co gia khac; au t, tai chnh, ngan hang; bao hiem; tham do, khai thac. 2- Tranh chap ve quyen SHTT, chuyen giao cong nghe gia ca nhan, to chc vi nhau va eu co muc ch li nhuan. 3- Tranh chap cong ty >< thanh vien cong ty; thanh vien >< thanh vien lien quan en thanh lap, hoat ong, giai the va to chc lai cong ty. 4- Cac tranh chap khac ve KD & TM ma phap luat co quy

THAM QUYEN CUA TOA AN


Tham quyen cua TAND theo cap: TAND cap huyen co tham quyen giai quyet theo thu tuc s tham cac vu viec sau: xem slide trc, phan in nghieng va co dau (*). TAND cap tnh co tham quyen giai quyet theo thu tuc s tham cac vu tranh chap KD&TM( tr nhng vu thuoc TAND cap huyen).

THAM QUYEN CUA TOA AN


Tham quyen cua TA theo lanh tho :  Toa an ni b n co tru s hoac c tru  Cac ben co quyen t thoa thuan bang van ban yeu cau TA ni nguyen n co tru s hoac c tru  Neu tranh chap ve BS th TA ni co BS giai quyet

CAC TRNG HP NGUYEN N C LA CHON TOA AN


Neu khong biet ro tru s hoac ni c tru cua b n, th nguyen n co the yeu cau TA ni co tai san, ni co tru s hoac ni c tru cuoi cung cua b n giai quyet vu an; Neu vu an phat sinh t hoat ong cua chi nhanh DN, th nguyen n co quyen yeu cau TA ni DN co tru s hoac ni co chi nhanh giai quyet; Neu vu an phat sinh do vi pham H, th nguyen n co the yeu cau TA ni thc hien H giai quyet vu an; Neu cac b n co tru s hoac ni c tru khac nhau, th nguyen n co quyen yeu cau TA ni co tru s hoac ni c tru cua 1 trong cac b n giai quyet; Neu vu an lien quan en BS nhieu ni khac nhau, th nguyen n co the yeu cau TA

NHNG YEU CAU VE KINH DOANH, THNG MAI THUOC THAM QUYEN GIAI QUYET CUA TOA AN
Yeu cau lien quan en viec giai quyet tranh chap theo phng thc to tung trong tai ( . 26 PL TTTM) Yeu cau cong nhan va cho thi hanh tai VN ban an, quyet nh kinh doanh, thng mai cua toa an nc ngoai,.. Yeu cau cong nhan va cho thi hanh tai VN quyet nh kinh doanh, thng mai cua TT nc ngoai, Cac yeu cau khac ve kinh doanh, thng mai do phap luat quy nh.

NHNG NGUYEN TAC TO TUNG Nguyen tac quyen quyet nh va t nh oat cua ng s; Nguyen tac bnh ang ve quyen va ngha vu; Nguyen tac bao am quyen t bao ve cua ng s; Nguyen tac hoa giai; Nguyen tac xet x cong khai; Nguyen tac s dung tieng noi, ch viet.

KHI KIEN&THULY HOA GIAI Cnhan tthuan

a ra xx PHTOA STHAM

. ch

Tam . ch

Kh. cao

KKh cao

Kh. cao

KKh cao

K.kh. cao

Khang cao XET X PHUC THAM

Y an THI HANH AN

Sa an

. ch

Huy an

TRONG TAI THNG MAI


Trong tai Thng mai la qua trnh giai quyet tranh chap do cac ben t nguyen la chon, trong o ben th ba trung lap ( TTV ) sau khi nghe cac ben trnh bay se ra mot quyet nh co tnh bat buoc oi vi cac ben tranh chap. Cac ac iem:  Phai co s thoa thuan cua cac ben ve a vu tranh chap ra TT  TTV hoac HTT se ra mot phan quyet sau khi can nhac cac chng c va lap luan cua cac ben  Quyet nh cua TT co the c TA cong nhan va cho thi hanh qua mot thu tuc t phap.

TRONG TAI THNG MAI NHNG U THE


am bao thc thi ay u quyen t do kinh doanh( gom ca quyen t do la chon c quan tai phan); Cung cap cho nha kinh doanh c che giai quyet tranh chap phu hp vi s thch va yeu cau co tnh nghe nghiep:
  

Tnh chat mot lan Tnh b mat Tnh dan chu

Xa hoi hoa hoat ong giai quyet tranh chap bieu hien cua xa hoi van minh; Hoa nhap vi thong le chung tren the gii.

CAC TO CHC TTTM VIET NAM


T ch c v ho t ng c a TTKT VN tr c 01/7/1994
Cac trung tam TT tai Ha noi, a nang, TP. Ho ch Minh hoat ong theo Plenh TTTM 25/02/2003; Cac trung tam TTKT c thanh lap cac tnh theo N 116/CP ngay 05/9/1994; Trung tam TT quoc te VN ben canh Phong thng mai va cong nghiep VN ( VIAC ) thanh lap theo Q 204/Ttg ngay 28/4/1993. ac iem chung cua cac trung tam TT:
 

To chc phi chnh phu Trong tai thng trc

HOAT ONG THNG MAI THEO PHAP LENH TTTM Mua ban hang hoa, cung ng dch vu; phan phoi; ai dien, ai ly thng mai; ky gi; thue, cho thue; thue mua; xay dng; t van; ky thuat; li-xang; au t; tai chnh, ngan hang; bao hiem; tham do; khai thac; van chuyen hang hoa, hanh khach bang ng hang khong, ng bien, ng sat, ng bo va cac hanh vi thng mai khac theo quy nh cua phap luat.

TRONG TAI THNG MAI: NGUYEN TAC & HNH THC GIAI QUYET TRANH CHAP
Nguyen tac giai quyet:  Trc hoac sau khi xay ra tranh chap cac ben co thoa thuan TT  TTV phai oc lap, khach quan, vo t phai can c vao phap luat va ton trong thoa thuan cua cac ben. Hnh thc giai quyet:  Hoi ong trong tai do Trung tam TT to chc ( gom 3 TTV hoac TTV duy nhat do cac ben thoa thuan)  Hoi ong trong tai do cac ben thanh lap theo quy nh cua Phap lenh TTTM ( 25/2/2003)

TO TUNG TRONG TAI Khi kien va thu ly ben khi kien chon TTV va phai gi kem ban thoa thuan trong tai; Ban t bao ve cua b n va viec chon TTV Thanh lap HTT tai TrungTam Trong Tai(.25) Quyen yeu cau ap dung bien phap khan cap tam thi (. 33); Hoa giai ( . 37); Phien hop giai quyet tranh chap;

TRONG TAI THNG MAI HIEU LC CUA PHAN QUYET


Sau thi han 30 ngay, ke t ngay het thi han thi hanh Q TT, neu mot ben khong t nguyen thi hanh, cung khong yeu cau huy Q th ben c thi hanh Q TT co quyen lam n yeu cau c quan thi hanh an cap tnh ni co tru s, ni c tru hoac ni co tai san cua ben phai thi hanh, thi hanh Q TT. Trong trng hp mot trong cac ben yeu cau TA huy Q TT th Q TT c thi hanh ke t ngay Q cua TA khong huy Q TT co hieu lc.

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC

TTTM VN c i u ch nh b i m t s VBQPPL c gi tr cn th p ( Php l nh) so v i nhi u n c trn th gi i. Ex: Lu t Tr ng ti Thi Lan ( 1987); Malaysia: Lu t Tr ng ti 1952( s a 1872 v 1980), Singapore: Lu t TT 1970; Trung Qu c: Lu t TT 1995; Nga: Lu t TTTM qu c t 1993.

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC(tt)

Th m quy n c a TTTM VN c xc l p theo ph ng th c li t k m khng theo ph ng php lo i tr nh nhi u n c. C 2 ph ng php xc nh th m quy nTTTM: theo li t k v theo lo i tr . PP lo i tr : li t k nh ng v vi c m tr ng ti khng c gi i quy t ( Trung Qu c; NewZealand, Indonesia th ng quy nh m t s vi c khng thu c TT nh tranh ch p lin quan n hn nhn, nh n con nuoi, h t ch, gim h , th a k , tranh ch p hnh chnh).

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC(tt)


C s phn bi t v quy n l a ch n PL gi i quy t tranh ch p trong n c v tranh ch p c y u t n c ngoi: Cc n c u cho php cc bn tranh ch p c ton quy n l a ch n PL p d ng vo qu trnh gi i quy t tranh ch p ( Lu t m u UNCITRAL, Nga, Canada, Singapore). VN th quy nh: - i v i tranh ch p gi a cc bn VN th p d ng lu t n i dung v lu t hnh th c c a VN; H TT khng ch p nh n vi c l a ch n PL n c ngoi; - i v i tranh ch p c y u t n c ngoi , H TT p d ng lu t do cc bn l a ch n nh ng khng c tri v i cc nguyn t c c b n c a PL VN.

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC(tt) PL VN quy nh c th v ch t ch v i u ki n tr thnh TTV ( PL v TT cc n c ch quy nh m t s tr ng h p khng c lm TTV. Lu t Nga, Hoa K , Nh t.) Php l nh TTTM quy nh r th i hi u gi i quy t tranh ch p b ng TT( . 21 PLTTTM 2003); cc n c h u nh khng quy nh th i hi u.

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC(tt) Quy t nh TT c thi hnh tr c ti p m khng thng qua th t c cng nh n v cho thi hnh c a To n. Lu t cc n c th ng yu c u l: n u m t bn khng th c hi n phn quy t bn kia c quy n yeu c u to n c ng ch thi hnh theo Lu t TTDS. VN th t c cng nh n c a TA ch p d ng i v i cc quy t nh c a TT n c ngoi m khng p d ng i v i TT trong n c.

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC(tt) PL TTTM VN ch a ghi nh n s tr gip ban u c a nh n c i v i cc trung tm TT khi m i thanh l p. nhi u n c chu cn km pht tri n nn nh n c th ng h tr . Thi Lan: Vi n Tr ng ti n m trong B t Php, c c p tr s v tr l ng, chi ph v n phng cho Vi n( tr TTV), TQ c ng h tr b ng vi c t p hu n, o t o,.

MOT SO KHAC BIET VI TTTM CAC NC(tt) nh h ng thnh l p TTm TT t i nh ng vng , khu v c c n n th ng m i pht tri n. cc n c, vi c h n ch thnh l p TTTT v cc nguyn nhan sau:


- TT ch t n t i theo yu c u c a nh KD, v n ch t p trung vo m t s khu v c; - TT ho t ng khng theo nguyn t c lnh th ,v v y khng nh t thi t t n t i t t cc cc a ph ng; - M i qu c gia ch nn duy tr m t s trung tm t p trung pht tri n, nng cao uy tn, c nh tranh cv i TT qu c t v khu v c.

NHNG KHAC BIET GIA TO TUNG TT VA TTTA


TO TUNG TOA AN TO TUNG TRONG TAI

Thc hien bi TP, HXX gom 3 ngi. Cac ben khong co quyen la chon TP hoac HTND Khong c chon a iem XX; phai c giai quyet tai CQ TA co tham quyen

Thc hien bi TTV. Co the do 1 hoac 3 TTV Cac ben co quyen la chon t nhat 1 TTV Co quyen thoa thuan a iem giai quyet tranh chap

NHNG KHAC BIET GIA TO TUNG TT VA TTTA(tt) Ve nguyen tac: xet x cong khai Thi gian m phien XX c quy nh theo luat Khong cong khai Cac ben co the thoa thuan thi gian cho tng thu tuc giai quyet vu kien Quyet nh cua TT la chung tham( tr trng hp b huy bi TA) Cac TTTT co the quy nh khac nhau. Neu vu viec c giai quyet bi TTV khong phai cua TTTT th TTV quyet nh

Trai qua nhieu cap XX: ST, PT, GT, TT An ph c quy nh thong nhat cho cac toa

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