NFC For Next Generation Smart Phone Apps

Ashutosh Tripathi
Talentica Softwares

Agenda
What is NFC ? Why NFC ? How NFC works NFC & Mobiles Building NFC App Android Security Aspects

What is NFC ?
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 Near Field Communication Short Range Wireless (a few centimeters) Operates at frequency 13.56 MHz Less speed (106kbps 414 kbps) Low Friction Setup Passive Targets

Why NFC ?
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As Event Tickets To Read Smart Posters

Sharing Business Card

Easy Printing ID Cards

Mobile Payment File Sharing Transport Ticketing

Enhanced Wireless experience

Instant Bluetooth Pairing Instant Wi-Fi Configuration

Wireless Nirvana

Google Wallet
Stores virtual version of your existing cards Tap and pay Receive loyalty cards, recipiets Secure

Its just the beginning.

Peer 2 Peer Payment Electronic Keys Social Networking Smart Mobility Entertainment Secure PC Login More..

How NFC Works

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Initiate Communication by generating RF field

Initiator
Active Device

Target
Active/Passive Device

Communication Modes Active

Both Initiator and target is powered devices

Passive
Target device may draw its operating power from the initiatorprovided electromagnetic field
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Operating modes
 Reader/Writer  Peer to Peer  Card Emulation
Card emulation Smart Card capability for mobile devices Card Emulation Mode Peer 2 Peer Mode Application Reader/Writer Mode

NFC Forum protocol bindings

RTD & NDEF Tag types 1-4

LLCP

RF layer ISO 18092 + ISO14443 Type A,B + Felica

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NDEF NFC Data Exchange Format

Message Encapsulation format to exchange information between NFC devices/tags Lightweight, binary Supports URI,MIME or NFC specific types

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NDEF Record
Flags
MB,ME,CF,SR

Type Name Format Type ID Payload

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Type Name Format Empty NFC Forum Well Known Type MIME Type Absolute URI NFC Forum External Type Unknown Unchanged Reserved

Value 0x00 0x01 0x02 0x03 0x04 0x05 0x06 0x07

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NFC & Mobiles

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Already in Market..
Google Nexus S (1st NFC Android Phone) Samsung Galaxy SII (android) Nokia C7 Blackberry Bold 9900 and 9930 Nokia 6131 (1st NFC Phone now out of market)

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Upcoming & Rumored

iPhone 5 (rumored) Nokia N9,N5 Multiple Android OS 2.3.3 based phones LG Optimus NET Samsung BADA OS based phones Many more

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Future Market

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What we have learned so far..

NFC is short range wireless communication Works with both active/passive targets Can read/write passive tags Easy sharing ,printing, pairing and transaction Data transaction is done in NDEF format Great future

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Building NFC App - Android

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What we can do with Android (for now)

Reading Tags Writing Tags Peer 2 Peer Communication (limited)

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How we start
Essential
Set required permission in Manifest Add required intent filers in Manifest Handle intent in main Activity to read data

Working approach
Intent Dispatch : identify appropriate application Foreground Dispatch : intercept in your application
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Setting Permissions : AndroidManifest.xml

Request permission to use NFC hardware
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />

Set Minimum SDK version required . Supported above API level 9 only
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" />

Declare your application works on NFC supported device

<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" />
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Defining Intent Filter

<intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.NDEF_DISCOVERED"/> <data android:mimeType="mime/type" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED"/> <meta-data android:name="android.nfc.action.TECH_DISCOVERED" android:resource="@xml/nfc_tech_filter.xml" /> </intent-filter> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TAG_DISCOVERED"/> </intent-filter>

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Filtering supported TAG

<resources xmlns:xliff="urn:oasis:names:tc:xliff:document:1.2"> <tech-list> <tech>android.nfc.tech.IsoDep</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcA</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcB</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcF</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NfcV</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.Ndef</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.NdefFormatable</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareClassic</tech> <tech>android.nfc.tech.MifareUltralight</tech> </tech-list> </resources>

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Your Manifest Putting all together

<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="com.example.android.nfc"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" /> <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="9" /> <uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true" /> <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name"> <activity android:name="TagViewer" > <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.nfc.action.TAG_DISCOVERED"/> <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
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Handle Intent : MainActivity.java

NdefMessage[] getNdefMessages(Intent intent) { NdefMessage msg = null;

public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.main); NdefMessage msg = getNdefMessage(getIntent()); // process msg }

if (NfcAdapter.ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED.equals(intent.getAction())) { msgs = intent.getParcelableArrayExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_NDEF_MESSAGES)[0]; if (msg == null) { byte[] empty = new byte[] {}; NdefRecord record = new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_UNKNOWN, empty, empty, empty); msg = new NdefMessage(new NdefRecord[] {record}); } } else { // Your logic } return msg; }

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Writing data:
String text; NdefRecord textRecord = new NdefRecord(NdefRecord.TNF_MIME_MEDIA, "text/plain".getBytes(), text.getBytes()); NdefMessage textMessage = new NdefMessage(new NdefRecord[]{textRecord}); Tag tag = getIntent().getExtra(NfcAdapter.EXTRA_TAG); Ndef ndef = Ndef.get(tag); ndef.writeNdefMessage(textMessage);

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Security Aspects
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1. Eavesdropping 2. Data Modifications 3. Data Insertion 4. Man-in-the-middle Attack 5. Lost Property

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Thanks

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