Course Module 1

WiMax Network Architecture (2 Hrs)

CONTENTS OF TRAINING
1. Diagrammatic description of WiMax Network 2. Brief Access site functionality and working (wimax technology) 3. Backhaul to core network 1. Microwave Backhaul 2. Metro Ethernet Rings 3. Redundancy in star and ring topologies 4. Longhaul through DWDM network to core application servers (Lahore) 5. Leaf site equipment description (BCU+Microwave) 6. Aggregate site equipment description (BCU + Microwave + aggregation switch(ME3400)) 1. Uplink and downlink description 2. Bandwidth capacity assignment for downlinks and uplink 7. Hub site description and router functionality 8. Difference between hub sites in metro cities and POP sites in non-metro cities 9. Longhaul media options for different cities 1. Wateen Fiber/DWDM 2. PTCL E1 s

Network Types
Wide Area Network Metropolitan Area Network

A network that covers great distances

Not part of IEEE 802 standard

A network that covers a large geographic area

Local Area Network

Personal Area Network

A network that covers a limited geographic area

A network that covers a very small area

Wireless Networks Standard Type of Network Wireless LAN Industry Group

Wireless PAN

Wireless MAN

What is WiMAX

State of the Art

Broadband Wireless Access network

802.16 defines IEEEs BWA standard High-performing standards based solution Supporting Fixed Nomadic mobile subscribers Both licensed and unlicensed frequency

What is WiMAX?
 WiMAX is an acronym for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access  WiMAX refers to Broadband Wireless networks that are based on the IEEE 802.16 standard, which ensures compatibility and interoperability between broadband wireless access equipment  Two driving forces of modern Internet are Broadband and Wireless WiMAX combines both of them WiMAX is primarily aimed at making broadband network access widely available without the expense of stringing wires (as in cableaccess broadband) in Non-line of Sight environment at metro level

Operating Frequency

RF characteristics play an important part of dividing WiMAX into two distinct types of systems.

2.5* 3.5*

5.8* 10 66 GHz Line of Sight (LOS)

2 11 GHz Non Line of Sight (NLOS)

*Part of the WiMAX Forum Profiles

WiMax Vs. Other Broadband Technologies

WiMAX Vs. UMTS WiMAX, a direct threat to 3G due to higher throughputs & less interference Reduced multi path interference due to smart antennas & Adaptive Antenna System (AAS) employed in WiMAX Near Far problem eliminated in WiMAX because of OFDM waveform & applying an IFFT on the signal before transmission Lesser spectrum available to UMTS subscribers as the no. of users grow WiMAX have superior broadband capabilities ( OFDM & large spectrum availability), distance capabilities (adaptive modulation) & full QOS (Access Grant Mechanism) to support voice efficiently WiMAX BW: 70 Mbps, Max Bit Rate: 100 Mbps 3G BW: 2 Mbps, Max Bit Rate: 2 Mbps

. WiMAX Vs. WiFi WiMAX has very large coverage area and higher throughput as compared to WiFi which has smaller range and supports less data rate. WiMAX supports full duplex mode rather than half duplex as employed in WiFi Bandwidth efficiency achievable in WiMAX is up to 5 bps/Hz, greater than 0.44 bps/Hz for 802.11b & 2.7 bps/Hz for 802.11 a/g Efficient 256 & 2048-Carrier OFDM employed in WiMAX than Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (802.11b) and 64-Carrier OFDM (802.11 a/g) Channel bandwidth is adjustable from 1.5 MHz to 20 MHz in WiMAX as compared to fixed channel bandwidth for WiFi WiFi operates in fixed frequency band of 2.4 GHz & 5 GHz, where as WiMAX supports a frequency range from 2GHz to 66GHz

. WiMAX Vs. DSL Both DSL (wired) & WiMAX (wireless) are broadband WiMAX can simultaneously support hundreds of houses with DSL speed connectivity Wired DSL infrastructure much more expensive than WiMAX DSL availability limited due to the distance between the end user & the switching centre Deployment of DSL in remote areas results in huge expenses as the no. of users is low WiMAX is the most attractive solution for deployment in remote areas Above all of them it is Wireless

AP MSS/CPE

Router/FA

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

This diagram represents a WiMAX Network.

AP

Generic WiMax Access and Transmission Network

Wateen WiMax Network

 Worlds first and largest deployed WiMax Network over 1000 AP sites  Covering all major cities of Pakistan  Offering voice and data to both cooperate and consumer customers  Holding Major Online Banking Sector of Pakistan through WiMax

Wateen WiMax Network Architecture

Spur Site Aggregate Site Hub Site POP site/MSC

Network Architecture

Access solution comprises of the following: CPE Access Point Microwave Backhaul CPE talks to the Access point using WiMAX standard Base Station Offloads the traffic on the City POP and core network using Microwave Backhaul

Network Entry
This is the sequence of events for a MS/CPE to enter the network
Scan for Channels Ranging Capability negotiation Authorization Registration IP connectivity Service established

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

This diagram represents a Generic WiMAX Network.

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

ASN

AP

NTP EMS DNS

DNS

Provides access layer connectivity DHCP and QOS to the MS/CPE. Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

NTP EMS

Provides connectivity services. Including: --AAA DNS --DHCP --Security --Home Agent

DNS DHCP Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

MS/CPE/MSS

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

This device comes in many different forms.

AP MSS/CPE

Customer access to the network

Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

WiMAX Air Interface

IEEE 802.16 EMS Responsible for PHY (Physical) MAC (part of Logical layer)
AP AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA NTP DNS DHCP Server(s) DNS

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

Access Point EMS

NTP DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

Provides wireless access to the network.

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA
Also referred to as a base stations (BS)

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Diversity Access Point Capacities

DAP Single Sector Maximum Capacity

3 sector DAP Maximum Capacity

4 sector DAP Maximum Capacity

Maximum Active CPE

(1 RF Carrier per sector)

256

768

1,024

Maximum Active+Idle CPE

(1 RF Carrier per sector)

1,024

3,072

4,096

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE

Layer 2 connection
Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Cellular Access Point Controller (CAPC)

Provides management of security and mobility AP Router/FA functions.
MSS/CPE Authentication Security / Local Key distribution Paging controller AP QOS Policy decision point MS/CPE access control Handover decision point

Access Service Network (ASN)

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

CAPC Capacities

Smallest CAPC Configuration Physical Payload cards

(deployed as 2N availability) 2

Maximum CAPC Configuration

10

Total Ethernet Ports Maximum AP Database Capacity Maximum CPE Database Capacity

4 200

22 1,000

200,000

1,000,000

Access Element Management Service Network System (ASN) Provides network management functions for
AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

the APs and CAPCs.

Includes: Fault Management Configuration Management Performance Management Security Management DNS

AP

NTP EMS

DNS DHCP Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Portal EMS Capacities

Motorola Portal EMS Platform Type Maximum APs Maximum CPEs Maximum CAPCs
PC (OS: Windows)

500 100,000 4

Access Connectivity Network Time Protocol (NTP) Server Service Network Service Network Used to the time (ASN) synchronizeor servers.of computer (CSN) clients
AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall Domain Name Service Router/HA (Optional)

(DNS) Server

Stores and associates domain names to IP addresses.

CAPC AP MSS/CPE DHCP AAA VoIP Server

AAA

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP EMS Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Server

NTP

DNS DNS DHCP Server(s)

Provides network computers with IP address and other network parameters.

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting Server NTP DNS

EMS Server(s) Provides security and provides capability information to the MSS/CPE. DNS DHCP

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE

This device can act as a L2 Switch, Router or foreign agent

Firewall (Optional)

Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN)

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

Router / home Agent

CAPC AP MSS/CPE DHCP AAA

Works with the FA to route data. VoIP AAA

Server

Router/FA AP

AP

Access Service Network (ASN)

AP MSS/CPE Router/FA

Connectivity Service Network (CSN) Content Servers

AP

NTP EMS DNS DHCP

DNS Server(s)

AP MSS/CPE Firewall (Optional) Router/HA

CAPC AP MSS/CPE

DHCP AAA

AAA

VoIP Server

Router/FA AP

VoIP Server or Gateway

AP

Diversity Access Point (DAP)

RF Head

Function and Support

Multiple Sector Configurations (up to 4) Dual TX/RX Antenna Chains with transmit diversity 2.3GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz

BCU

RF head, modem and backhaul redundancy

Sector / Frequency Reuse

F2 Sector 4 F1 Sector 1

F1 Sector 3 F2 Sector 2

F2 Sector 2

F3 Sector 3 F1 Sector 1 1x3x3

1x4x2

Duplexing
Frequency Division Duplex

Freq 1 Freq 2
WiMAX supports FDD and TDD operations

Time Division Duplex

Freq 1

UL/DL Percentages

DL

UL

DL

UL

60%

40%

60%

40%

System Level Parameter

Channel Bandwidth
OFDM can be scaled to operate using a variety of channel bandwidths.

Center Frequency

*Part of the WiMAX Forum Profiles

3.5* MHz 7.0* MHz 10* MHz

Microwave Backhaul

 Leaf site and aggregate sites are backhauled to Hub sites through Microwave Transmission Network  Microwave Transmission Network is deployed in Star Topology  Sagem and NEC Microwave equipment is used for Microwave Backhaul in Wateen Network

Metro Fiber Rings

 Metro Fiber rings are deployed in major cities Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad  RAN Hub sites are located along these rings  Hub sites aggregate data from different WiMax clusters  Hub sites also aggregate data from different fiber connected cooperate Customers

Star and Ring Topology

 Microwave Transmission is deployed in Star Topology due to some of its advantages that are  Ease of deployment  Easy to add new nodes  Metro Fiber is deployed in ring topology because of advantages  Provides redundancy

Longhaul through DWDM

 Data from WiMax access site is transported to Access Service Network and Core Service Network through Longhaul provided by DWDM Network  Wateen has deployed Longhaul fiber rings having overall length of more than 5000 kms nationwide, covering approximately whole country

Wateen DWDM Network

RAN site in Wateen Network

 RAN site are classified in three Groups  Hub Sites  Aggregate Sites  Leaf/Spur Sites

Wateen RAN SPUR Sites

 SPUR site acts as standalone WiMax access site  SPUR sites consists of Motorola WiMax (DAP) Equipment and one microwave for backhaul  Normally spur site is backhaul through microwave link of 50 Mbps capacity  Backhaul link is non-redundant and having configuration of 1+0

RAN Aggregate Site

  

Aggregate Site is the one, which along with WiMax Access site also acts as

aggregation point for other WiMax sites Aggregate Site consists of Motorola DAP, two or more microwave and CISCO

ME3400 aggregation switch Ports of aggregation switch is configured according to capacity of links, normal

convention for capacity is as below

  
Access Site = 50 Mbps Downlinks = 100 Mbps/150 Mbps depending upon aggregating microwave links Uplink = 100 Mbps / 150 Mbps depending upon number of sites aggregating at this site

Uplink Microwave link at this site is normally provided with 1+1 redundant

configuration

RAN Hub Site and POP sites

    

RAN Hub site is aggregating data traffic from different WiMax clusters Hub Site is first point of Layer 3 routing Hub Site consists of Motorola DAP (not must), Microwave and CISCO routers (7606, 10720) Hub sites are located along with metro rings POP sites from transmission perspective, a Point of Presence (POP) is defined as a site where data network equipment is deployed to interface with the national long distance fiber backbone. It is also our understanding that the POP will have network elements interfacing with other PLMNs.

 

One PoP has been planned for each of the cities. POP sites consists of CISCO 7609 Routers

RAN sites Identification IDs

 Warid Shared Sites are normally named as MDXX*ABCD** or MNXXABCD  Wateen Own BTS sites are named as WTXXABCD  Wateen Own RAN Hub sites are named WTY^HABCD

*XX ** ABCD ^Y

Two alphabet code for city e.g. Islamabad IB, Lahore LH Four digit Site ID Region Code C = Center N = North S = South

Thanks

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