SCIENCE FORM THREE 2.

0
2.1
2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.3

BLOOD CIRCULATION AND TRANSPORT.

Understanding the transport system in humans
Structure and function of the heart. Blood Circulation System. Types Of Blood Vessels. Exercise

2.2 2.3

Analyzing the human blood. Analyzing the transport system in plants

LESSON OUTLINE A LESSON OUTLINE B LESSON OUTLINE C TASK DESIGN

LESSON PLAN OUTLINE A TEACHERS NOTES STUDENTS NOTES TASK DESIGN ANSWER

ITS ABOUT OUR HEART

HEART
LOCATION FUNCTION

Heart lies in the thorax behind the chest bone and between lungs
PROPERTIES

Main function is to pump blood throughout the whole body Heart is the most important organ in a human body.
SHAPE

Divided into four chambers

Conical shape

THE STRUCTURE OF HEART

Pulmonary Vein

Aorta Carry the oxygenated blood away from the heart (except pulmonary artery) to all parts of the body (except the lungs). Left Atrium/Left Auricle Pumps blood into the left ventricle Pulmonary Vein Carries the oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium Mitral Valve/ Bicuspid Valve Pumps one way flow of blood from left atrium to left ventricle. Prevent the backflow of blood. Left Ventricle Pumps blood round the whole body

LEFT SIDE

Pulmonary Vein

RIGHT SIDE

Vena Cava Carry the deoxygenated blood from the upper parts and other parts of the body (except the lungs) towards the heart (except pulmonary veins). Right Atrium/Right Auricle Pumps blood into the right ventricle. Pulmonary Artery Carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Tricuspid Valve Pumps one way flow of blood from right atrium to right ventricle. Prevent the backflow of blood. Right Ventricle Pumps blood only to the lungs.

BLOOD CIRCULATION SYSTEM Blood enters the pulmonary artery and carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs. Tricuspid valve closes to prevent the backflow of blood into atrium. Tricuspid valve open and deoxygenated blood enters to the right ventricle. Receive deoxygenated blood from all parts of the body by vena cava to the right atrium.

start click
From the lungs, the oxygenated blood enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. Bicuspid valve opens and blood enters the left ventricle. Bicuspid valve now closes to prevent the backflow of blood. Blood enters the aorta and is transported to all parts of the body (except the lungs).

TYPES OF BLOOD VESSEL

ARTERY

VEIN

CAPILLARY

ARTERY
Lumen Structure of wall Direction of blood flow Blood pressure Rate of blood flow Presence of valve Type of blood carried
Narrow

Thick, muscular and elastic wall to withstand the high pressure. Away from the heart High Rapid and irregular No Oxygenated (except for the pulmonary artery)

VEIN
Lumen Structure of wall Direction of blood flow Blood pressure Rate of blood flow Presence of valve Type of blood Carried Fairly wide Relatively thin wall, not as elastic and Muscular as that of arteries. Towards the heart Low Slow and regular Yes Deoxygenated (except for the pulmonary vein).

CAPILLARY
Lumen Structure of wall Very narrow Wall is only one-celled thick with gaps in between allowing the exchange of materials with the surrounding tissue. From the artery to the vein Very low Very slow No Oxygenated blood to the tissues Deoxygenated blood from the tissues.

Direction of blood flow Blood pressure Rate of blood flow Presence of valve Type of blood Carried

Exercise 1. Label the diagram below

10 Vena Cava

1
2

Aorta Left Atrium

9 Right Atrium 8 7

3 4 5

Semi lunar Valve Bicuspid valve Left Ventricle

Tricuspid Valve Right Ventricle

Septum

Right Ventricle Semi Lunar Valve Tricuspid Valve Septum Bicuspid valve Vena Cava

Click to know the answer

Left Atrium Left Ventricle

Aorta Right Atrium

2.

Choose (T) for TRUE statement and (F) FALSE statement in the box provided.
CHECK ANSWER The heart lies in the thorax behind the chest bone and between the lungs. The heart is divided into six chambers. Pulse rate is caused by heart beat. Pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lung. The valve prevent the backflow of blood. The tricuspid valve found between the right atrium and the right ventricle. . The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle.

a).

T T T T T T T

F F F F F F F

b). c). d).

e). f).

g).

2.

Choose (T) for TRUE statement and (F) FALSE statement in the box provided.
*Click to know the answer

a).

The heart lies in the thorax behind the chest bone and between the lungs. The heart is divided into six chambers. Pulse rate is caused by heart beat. Pulmonary artery carries oxygenated blood from right ventricle to the lung. The valve prevent the backflow of blood. The tricuspid valve found between the right atrium and the right ventricle. . The right ventricle is thicker than the left ventricle.

T T T T T T T

F F F F F F F

b). c). d).

e). f).

g).

HUMAN BLOOD

A FEW FACTS OF HUMAN BLOOD

Blood is the fluid of life.

Blood carries oxygen, which it picks up in the lungs and distributes it to all body parts and transporting carbon dioxide from body tissue to the lungs. Poor blood circulation can cause insufficient supply of nutrients and oxygen to the cells in our body leading to deterioration of body functions and health.

Blood is the fluid of growth.

Blood supplied food and water . Blood also contains all of the food substances and chemicals needed by the cell. Blood transporting nourishment from digestion and hormones from glands throughout the body.

Blood is the fluid of health.

Blood is warm and works like liquid in the central heating system. Blood absorbs warmth from busy parts such as the heart and muscles and spreads it out to the cooler parts like the skin. Blood also transporting disease fighting substances to the tissue and waste to the kidneys.

THE HUMAN BLOOD

Blood is alive because it contains living cells. An average adult has about five liters of blood living inside of their body.

Plasma -55%

blood cell -45%

THE HUMAN BLOOD

Red blood cell Plasma

White blood cell Platelet

BLOOD VESSEL

Plasma
a) Pale yellowish liquid which constitutes about 55% by volume of whole blood. b) Made up of 90% of water. c) The other 10% of plasma are substances such as hormones, dissolved mineral salts, food substances like glucose, excretory products like urea and soluble proteins like prothrombin and fibrinogen. d) Transports hormones, digested food substances, heat and excretory products such as carbon dioxide (function)

Red blood cell

a) has no nucleus, hence they are circular and biconvace in shape b) contains haemoglobin c) has a small diameter of less than 0.01 mm, hence this enable them to squeeze through capillaries d) has a life span of about three to four months e) is produced by the bone narrow f) transport oxygen

White blood cells

a) colorless and contains a nucleus b) larger than the red blood cell but much fewer in number c) irregular in shape d) able to move and change its shape e) protects the body by destroying bacteria and by releasing antibodies

Platelet
a)

fragments of cytoplasm from certain bone marrow cells.

b) a life span of about four days c) plays a part in blood clotting

Blood Group
Everybodys blood is not the same. Blood group Antigen (Special proteins on the surface of red blood cells) A B A and B None Can donate to A and AB B and AB AB Antibody

A B AB O

Anti-b Anti-a None Anti-a and Anti-b Can receive from A and O B and O A,B,AB and O

Blood Donor
Blood group A B AB (Universal acceptors) O (Universal Donor)

A,B,AB and O

HUMAN BLOOD
Component of Structure blood
Plasma Yellow fluid -90% of water -10% of other substance _ _

Production

Life Span

Function
Transports hormones, digested food substances, heat and excretory products e.g. CO2 Transports oxygen

Red Blood Cells Circular and biconcave in shape, lacks nucleus White Blood Cells Irregular in shape, contains a nucleus

By the bone marrow By the bone marrow

About 3-4 months

Protects the Ranging from 2 body by days 6 months destroying bacteria & by releasing antibodies About 4 days Plays a part in blood clotting

Platelets

Small fragments, lacks nucleus

By the bone marrow

1. Which of the following is false?

White blood cells A. Irregular in shape B. Does not contain hemoglobin C. Large in size D. Does not contain nucleus Red blood cells Biconcave in shape Contains hemoglobin Small in size Contains nucleus

2. A person with blood group O can donate blood to a person with

blood group A. A only B. B only C. A and AB D. A, B and AB X Can produce antibodies Y Are fragment of the cytoplasm from certain bone marrow cells
3.

X and Y are two substances present in blood. Which of the following may represent X and Y? X Y A. Red blood cells White blood cells B. White blood cells Platelets C. Platelets Plasma D. Plasma Platelets

4. People of which blood group are called universal donors? A. O B. A C. B D. AB 5. Which of these pairs is incorrect blood component and characteristics? A. B. C. D. Component White blood cell Red blood cell Platelet Plasma Characteristics Has nucleus Is produced by the bone narrow Produces antibodies Makes up about 55% of the whole blood

Part B
Answer the following question I. Choose a word from the list on the right and match the statement on the left. 1. Transport oxygen. 2. Consists of blood cells, plasma and platelet. 3. Life span about four days. 4. Irregular in shape and contains a nucleus. 5. Yellow fluid containing 90% water and 10% other substances. PLASMA RED BLOOD CELL WHITE BLOOD CELL PLATELETS BLOOD COMPONENTS

II.

Name and state the function of each cell below.

Diagram Name Function

Red blood cells

Transport oxygen
Protect the body by destroying bacteria and releasing antibodies. Plays a part in blood clotting.

White blood cells Platelets

Group members
BUSHRA BT SHARIF
SMK BANDAR TUN RAZAK

JAMALIAH BT KAMISAN
SMK BANDAR TUN RAZAK

ROSLINA BT HASIM
SMK BANDAR TUN RAZAK

SITI NORA BT SULAIMAN

SMK CHANIS

HUZAINI BT HIRAZAKI
SMK SELANCAR