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OUTLINE
INTRODUCTION
Definition
CLASSIFICATION
Due to anesthesia
Complications of G.A.
Due to surgery
Perioperative complications Postoperative complications
Immediate/early
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INTRODUCTION
SURGERY:
on or manipulations of the patient's body and, usually, cutting the body open to perform these.
COMPLICATION:
Complications
Due to anesthesia
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DUE TO ANESTHESIA
Anesthetic
complications depend on the mode (General or Local) and types of anesthetic agent used (anesthetic agent toxicity).
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Direct Slow
recovery from anesthesia due to drug interactions or inappropriate choice of drug dosage. due to long operations with extensive fluid replacement/cold blood transfusion. reaction to anesthetic agent
Minor effect: post-op nausea & vomiting
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Hypothermia
Allergic
DUE TO SURGERY
Perioperative Postoperative
complications complications
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blood pressure
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Cardiac
arrest
Reduced o2 in inspired air Inadequate blood flow in myocardial failure Inadequate alveolar ventilation due to 4/15/12
Asphyxia
SIGNS:Noisy breathing during partial obstruction In the presence of endotracheal tube, difficulty in inflating & deflating the lungs Cyanosis
Pressure on trachea from without, during operations on large tumors of the neck e.g. thyroidectomy
Chemical causes
Inhalation of intestinal contents {can be due to stimulation of the back of the tongue by foreign bodies e.g. laryngoscope
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Respiratory Complications
Respiratory
insufficiency
Airway obstruction
Often caused by the tongue which falls back to block the oro- and nasopharynx Presence of foreign bodies e.g. gastric contents, blood, pus, forgotten throat packs.
Aspiration
Aspiration of gastric contents in px that have recently eaten
Hiccough
Atelectasis(pulmonary
collapse)
secretion
bronchial secretion
Intubation of respiratory tract
Bronchopneumonia
Infection of Atelectasis
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CVS
Hemorrhage
Secondary
SIGNS
Pallor, sweating and cool skin Bleeding from wound
CARDIAC
ARREST
Deep
venous thrombosis
from trauma
Myocardial
infarction
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CNS
Failure
to recover consciousness
of e.g. hypoglycemia
Convulsion
movements of the trunk, limbs and face with or without loss of consciousness.
Predisposing fx in the post-op period are:
Pyrexia Epilepsy
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GENITO-URINARY
Retention
of urine
more common after pelvic and perineal Due to action of atropine & other cholinergic
tract infections
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GIT
Nausea
abscesses
Following operation in septic conditions
Diarrhea
WOUND COMPLICATIONS
Hematoma
healing
Infection
dehiscence
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24hrs
Infection or hematoma of the wound Laryngo-tracheitis from endotracheal
intubation
Peritonitis or intra-abdominal abscess Complications of blood transfusion:
mismatched blood
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LATE COMPLICATIONS
WOUND
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THANK YOU
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