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Networks &
Telecommunications
 Chapter Outline
Overview of Telecommunications Systems
Telecommunications System Components
Data Transmission
Signal Type: Analog or Digital
Transmission Modes: Asynchronous and
Synchronous
Transmission Direction
Transfer Rates
Networks
Network Topologies
Local Area Network
Wide Area Network
 1. Overview of
Telecommunications
Systems
Telecommunications: communication of data and
information by electronic means such as telephone,
radio, television, and computer, usually over some
distance.
Data communications: a process in which one
computer transfers data, information and
instructions to another computer.
telecommunications system is a collection of
compatible hardware and software arranged to
communicate data, information and instructions
from one location to another.
The telecommunications model consists of the following:
sending device: initiates an instruction to transmit data,
information, or instructions. It can be a computer system, a
terminal, a cellular telephone, a WebTV™, a GPS receiver, or
another device that originates the message.
communications device: converts or formats the data,
information, or instructions from the sending device into signals
that can be carried by a communications channel.
communications channel: over which the signals are sent.
communications device: receives the signals from the
communications channel and converts or formats them into a
form understood by the receiving device.
receiving device: accepts the data, information, or
instructions.
Communications software: controls and manages the
activities and functions of the communications network.
 2.
Telecommunications
System Components

Sending and
Receiving
Devices: computers,
fax machine, digital
cameras, Internet
appliances, and Web-
enabled devices
Modems
Communications Channels is composed of one
or more transmission media, which consists of
materials or techniques capable of carrying a signal.
Bandwidth is the width of the communications
channel.
Baseband transmission media can transmit only
one signal at a time.
Broadband media can transmit multiple signals
simultaneously.
Physical transmission media use wire, cable, and
other tangible materials to send communications
signals.
Wireless transmission media send
communications signals through the air or space
using radio, microwave, and infrared signals.
Physical transmission media used in
communications include
twisted-pair cable,
coaxial cable, and
fiber-optic cable.
Wireless transmission media used in
communications include
broadcast radio,
cellular radio,
microwaves,
communications satellites, and
infrared.
Frequency Ranges for Communications Media and Devices

Figure 8-3
Communications Software and
Protocol
Communications software consists of
programs that control and support the
activities of a telecommunications network.
The principal functions of communications
software are network control, access
control, transmission control, error
detection/correction, and network security.
Protocol: This set of rules and
procedures governing transmission
between components in a network
The principal functions of
protocol in a telecommunications
network include:
identifying each device in the
communication path;
securing the attention of the other device;
verifying correct receipt of the transmitted
message;
determining that a message requires
retransmission if it is incomplete or has
errors;
performing recovery when errors occur.
communications protocols are
used:
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
Systems Network Architecture (SNA),
Ethernet
X.400/ X.500
Wi-Fi (wireless fidelity).
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Other Communications Devices:
Many networks have hardware and
software devices that allow them to
communicate with other networks that
employ different transmission media
and/or protocols.
Devices that handle the movement of data
in a computer network are the modem, the
multiplexer, the front-end processor, the
router, network interface cards, and the
host computer
3. Data Transmission
Signal Type: Analog or Digital
Transmission Modes:
Asynchronous and
Synchronous
Transmission Direction
Transfer Rates
Wireless LANs

• Wi-Fi (802.11b) standard: Up to 11

Mbps, low cost, high-speed mobile
Internet access, links work groups

• Bluetooth standard: Up to 720 Kbps,

small personal area networks
 4. Networks
network is a collection of computers and
devices connected by telecommunications
channels that allows users to facilitate
communications, and to share data,
information, software, and hardware with
other users.
 Elements of Network
Telecommunication software
Communication channel (network OS, browser, …)
(telephone line, cable…)

Communication device
(modem, router, …) Sending and receiving devices
(computer, PDA, …)
Network Topologies
Star
network

Bus
Ring
Network
Network
Type of Network
Local Area Network (LAN) – in a limited geographical Home
area
Wide Area Network (WAN) – Network
cover a large geographic area.

Intranet

The Internet A client/server network

Dial-up line Internet service
Dedicated line provider
Cable television line T-carrier line
Digital subscriber line

How the Internet Works

 5. Telecommunication
Applications
e-mail,
voice mail,
fax,
telecommuting,
electronic
conferencing,
bulletin board system,
digital information service,
electronic data interchange,
groupware,
global positioning system, and
the Internet.
6 Telecommunication
Carriers and Services
Telecommunications carriers
provide communications facilities and
technologies such as telephone lines,
satellites, modems, or other
communications technologies used to
transmit data from one location to
another.
public switched telephone
network (PSTN) is the worldwide
telephone system that handles regular
voice telephone calls
 Challenges of Managing in a Network Economy
Every day managers hear claims about how the new technologies (for
example, the Internet, the Web, wireless devices, new software) are
radically changing the way we work, play, interact, learn, and build
businesses. While these new technologies have dramatically expanded
the opportunities that can be pursued, the fundamental economic theories
that define how markets, industries, and organizations are built continue
to guide management decision making and actions. In fact, most
organizations continue to operate as they always have – as members of a
business network of suppliers, producers, distributors, and partners that
work together to design, deliver, market, and sell products and services
for business customers and consumers. Yet while the basic roles remain
unchanged, managers today have numerous options for how to organize
these activities and manage relationships among multiple parties.
Discuss the choices and challenges facing managers as they organize to
conduct business within market networks.