You are on page 1of 27

VIN I HC M H NI

KHOA CNG NGH SINH HC

BI GING MN CNG NGH PROTEIN

H NI 2010

NI DUNG
1. KHI QUT V PROTEIN N BO

2. CNSX SINH KHI NM MEN BNH M T R NG

3. CNSX SINH KHI VSV T DCH KIM SUNFIT, DCH THY PHN TV

4. CNSX SINH KHI NM MEN T B RU

5. CNSX SINH KHI VSV T NGUYN LIU CELLULOSE

NI DUNG
6. CNSX PROTEIN T NGUN CACBUA HYDRO DU M V KH T

7. CNSX TO SPIRULINA

8. CNSX PROTEIN TI T HP

9. CNSX ACID AMIN LYSINE

10. CNSX ACID GLUTAMIC

PROTEIN
Khi nim protein
Protein (protit hay m) l nhng i phn t c to thnh t cc n phn axt amin, chng kt hp vi nhau thnh mt mch di nh cc lin kt peptid (gi l chui polypeptid). Cc chui ny c th xon cun hoc gp theo nhiu cch to thnh cc bc cu trc khng gian khc nhau ca protein. Protein c th gm l hay nhiu chui polypeptid cng loi hay khc loi. Tnh c th v a dng ca protein c th hin s lng axit amin, thnh phn v trnh t sp xp cc axit amin trong chui polypeptid v cu trc khng gian ca protein.

Protein n bo l thut ng gi theo quy c dng ch ngun protein thu c t vi sinh vt. Phn bit vi protein a bo thu c t ng vt v thc vt

PROTEIN
Cu trc ca protein

PROTEIN
Chc nng ca protein
- Protein cu trc: C dng si, cu trc, nng c th. V d: Collagen to nn gn, sn, xng v da. Keratin to nn cc lp ngoi cng ca da, tc, mng, sng - Xc tc: l cc enzym lm tng vn tc phn ng v chn lc cc phn ng ha hc. Tham gia vo qu trnh chuyn ha v qu trnh truyn thng tin di truyn trong t bo. - iu ha: Cc hormon c bt ngun t cc tuyn ni tit c tc dng iu ha qu trnh truyn thng tin di truyn, qu trnh trao i cht. (Insulin v glucagon do tuyn ty tit ra c th iu ha lng glocose trong mu ng vt c xng sng. Thyroglobulin t tuyn gip iu ha cc qu trnh chuyn ha ni chung. Calcithonin c tc dng h thp nng canxi trong mu)

PROTEIN
Chc nng ca protein
-

Protein vn chuyn: Hemoglobin, mioglobin (ng vt c xng sng), hemoxianin (ng vt ko xng sng) c vai tr vn chuyn oxy t phi theo mu ti khp cc m v c quan trong c th. Protein vn ng: Actin kt hp vi myosin thnh Actomysin c vai tr vn ng c t bo nhn tht. Tubulin c vai tr vn ng lng, roi ca cc sinh vt n bo. Protein th quan: Cm nhn, p ng cc kch thch ca mi trng. Protein d tr: D tr cht dinh dng (Albumin lng trng trng cung cp axit amin cho phi pht trin. Casein trong sa m l ngun cung cp acid amin cho con. Trong ht cy c cha ngun protein d tr cn cho ht ny mm nh Protein bo v: Bo v c th khi s tn cng ca nhng vt th l

PROTEIN
Qu trnh sinh tng hp protein trong t bo
Sao m: L qu trnh tng hp mARN. mARN sau khi c tng hp s ri khi nhn n t bo cht tham gia giai on gii m. Gii m: gm 2 bc - Bc 1: Hot ha axit amin Axit amin + ATP Enzym Axit amin hot ha Axit amin hot ha + tARN Enzym Phc axit amin tARN - Bc 2: Tng hp chui poly peptit: Ti m m u AUG, riboxom tip xc vi mARN, aa m u-tARN tin vo riboxom khp b sung i m vi m m u, sau aa1-tARN tip tc tin vo riboxom khp b sung i m vi m sau 1. Sau lin kt peptit c thnh lp gia aa m u vi aa1. Riboxom dch chuyn 1 b 3 trn mARN, tARN m u ri riboxom. C nh vy khi riboxom dch chuyn n m kt thc, khng gii m m ri khi mARN,

PROTEIN
Qu trnh sinh tng hp protein trong t bo
ng thi chui polypeptit c gii phng. Sau aa m u c tch khi mch polypeptit nh enzym c hiu. Chui polypeptit li thnh nhng cu trc bc cao hn to thnh protein hon chnh. Mt mARN c th lin kt nhiu riboxom cng lc tng hp nhiu protein cng loi. iu ha qu trnh sinh tng hp protein trong t bo: - ngha: m bo t bo ch tng hp loi protein cn thit vo lc c th cn, khng tng hp tha hoc thiu v t bo ca tng loi m khc nhau tng hp ng loi protein. - Cc loi gen tham gia: Gen cu trc: m ha thng tin cu trc ca mt protein xc nh. Gen vn hnh: c nhim v vn hnh gen cu trc. Gen iu ha: kch thch hoc c ch gen vn hnh, qua iu ha hot ng ca gen cu trc.

PROTEIN
Qu trnh sinh tng hp protein trong t bo

PROTEIN
Ngun protein
* Protein ng vt

PROTEIN
Ngun protein
* Protein thc vt

PROTEIN
Ngun protein
* Protein vi sinh vt

PROTEIN
Ngun protein
* Protein ti t hp

PROTEIN
Vai tr ca protein trong cuc sng

C th ngi v ng vt thng xuyn i hi cung cp cc cht dinh dng c trong thc n tin hnh trao i cht, duy tr s sng, tng cng sinh trng v pht trin. Protein l ngun nit duy nht cung cp cho con ngi v ng vt, trong qu trnh c th ng ha protein c phn gii thnh 20 acid amine cn thit cho c th. Trong c cc acid amine khng thay th rt cn thit cho con ngi v ng vt l Isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, treonine, tryptophan v valin. Nu khng nhn c cc aa ny c th s b bnh tt v cht.

PROTEIN
Vai tr ca protein trong cuc sng

Protein l thnh phn quan trng trong khu phn n, c bit i vi tr em. Nu thiu protein s dn n chm ln. Ci cc, km pht trin tr tu. i vi ngi ln hng ngy c ti 100 t t bo cht i cn thay th. Thiu protein dn n suy gan, gim lng khng th trong mu, gim sc khng nn d b mc bnh. Theo cc chuyn gia dinh dng nhu cu protein ca con ngi t 80100g/ngy. Mt kg th trng mt ngy cn 1 1,5 g protein, trong nn s dng 70 % protein ng vt, 30% protein thc vt

PROTEIN
Nhng cng on tch protein t ng, thc vt
Thng thng qu trnh phn tch protein khi vt liu ban u bao gm 3 giai on: - Ha tan protein trong dung dch: Kh nng ha tan protein trong dung dch c th c h tr bng cch thay i cc yu t ha hc hoc s dng enzym. - Tch protein: Kt ta protein trong pha lng v tch kt ta khi pha lng: Kt ta nh mui, kt ta nh dung mi, kt ta ng in, kt ta bng enzym. - Tinh sch protein: da vo cc tnh cht ca protein nh tnh phn ly ng in, tnh cht b mt (protein c th hp th, hp ph trn cc cht mang khc nhau nh protein c th c phn tch nh sc k i lc), kch thc phn t. Thng thng s dng cc k thut sau: K thut lc, K thut sc k trao i ion

PROTEIN
Ti sao phi sn xut protein n bo

PROTEIN
u im ca protein n bo

Sinh khi VSV l mt th thng nht nn d dng thu sinh khi.

Vi sinh vt c th pht trin nhanh iu kin thch hp, mt s loi vi sinh vt c lng sinh khi gp 2 sau 0,5 n gi.
Chi ph lao ng t hn rt nhiu so vi sn xut nng nghip.

Vi sinh vt d chuyn gen hn so vi thc vt v ng vt. D dng a vo sn xut trn quy m ln.
Protein vi sinh vt thng giu lyzin rt tt khi b sung vo thc n ca ngi cng nh vt nui v trong thc n thng thiu aa ny.

PROTEIN
u im ca protein n bo

Vi sinh vt c th pht trin vi s lng ln trong thng ln men c th tch nh, t tn din tch (tr to). V vy d dng khng ch nhit , pH, thi gian, mi trng nui cy nn d c gii ha. Khng ph thuc vo iu kin thi tit, kh hu cng nh iu kin t ai. Vi sinh vt c th pht trin trn nhiu loi nguyn liu khc nhau, c bit c th pht trin c trn nhng nguyn liu r tin hoc ph liu nh b ma, b bia, r ung...

Ngun protein vi sinh vt thng an ton v mt c t v con ngi hon ton c th kim sot c cc chng vi sinh vt a vo nui cy.

PROTEIN
u im ca protein n bo

VSV cha hm lng protein ln vi gi tr dinh dng cao. Trung bnh hm lng protein trong tht l 20%, trong u tng l 30%, trong sa bt l 30%, trong sa ti l 3%, trong nm mc, nm men khong 40%, to 60 70%, mt s loi vi khun ln ti 80 85%.
Ngoi cc u im trn protein n bo cn c cc enzym thy phn, VTM B, D, A cn thit cho c th V d: Nui 40 con b trong 15 18 thng = trng 40 ha u tng trong 3 thng = nui VSV trong 24 gi trong thng ln men 300 m3

PROTEIN
Cc loi aa khng thay th thiu ht trong cc sn phm thc phm khc nhau
Thc phm Loi axit amin thiu ht Phn trm thiu

Trng Tht b Sa b

Khng Cystein, Methionin Cystein, Methionin

0 29 32

Go, la m, ng Nm men bnh m

Lyzin Cystein, Methionin

61-72 55

PROTEIN
Hm lng axit amin khng thay th ca mt s ngun protein (mg/100g cht kh)
Axit amin Lysine Threonin Methionin La m Trng 2,8 1,9 1,5 6,5 5,1 3,2 Spirulina maxima 4,6 4,6 1,4 S. cerevisiae 7,7 4,8 1,7 Candida lipolytica 7,8 5,4 1,6 Pseudomonas 5,3 4,5 1,8

Cystein
Tryptophan Izoleucin Leucin Valin Phenylalanin

2,5
1,1 3,3 6,7 4,4 4,5

2,4
1,6 6,7 8,9 7,3 5,8

0,4
1,4 6,0 8,0 6,5 5,0

1,0 4,6 7,0 5,3 4,1

0,9
1,3 5,3 7,8 5,8 4,8

0,3
3,9 7,0 5,9 4,2

PROTEIN
Hm lng vitamin (mg/100g cht kh)
Vitamin Candida utilis S. cerevisiae Pseudomonas methanica 1,81 4,82 15,9 14,3 2,42 968 0,96 -

Thiamine (B1) Riboflavin (B2) Niacin (B3) Pyridocyn (B6) Axit pantothenic (B5) Choline (hn hp VTMB) Axit folic (dng ha tan ca B9) Inositol (Bh) Biotin (VTM H) VTM B12 Axit p-amineobenzoic (BX)

0,53 4,50 41,73 3,34 3,72 2,15 0,23 0 1,7

5-36 3,6-4,2 32-100 2,5-10 10 1,5-8 0,5-1,8 0 0,9-10

PROTEIN
Nhu cu hng ngy v cc axit amin khng thay th i vi ngi ln (theo FAO)
Axit amin khng thay th Izolxin Lyzin Lxin Methionin Lng thch hp (g) 1,4 1,6 2,2 2,2 Lng ti thiu (g) 0,7 0,8 1,1 1,1

Phenylalanin
Threonin

2,2
1,0

1,1
0,5

Tryptophan
Valin Tng s

0,5
1,6 12,7

0,25
0,8 6,35

PROTEIN
Mt s im cn ch khi s dng protein n bo

Hm lng acid nucleic trong cc sn phm ny tng i cao: Nm mc 2,5-6%, to 4-6%, nm men 6-10%, vi khun 10-16%. Khng nn n nhiu acid nucleic v s sinh ra nhiu acid uric trong mu. Protein t VSV c lp mng dy nn gim kh nng s dng protein bn trong. V vy cn thc hin cc nghin cu th nghim i vi ngi v ng vt sao cho t l loi protein hp l trong khu phn n.

Mu sc v mi v ca protein VSV khng hp dn


Trc khi s dng cn lm cht t bo (t bo c th sng v pht trin trong ng rut, ln men sinh cc amine gy c, s dng dinh dng ca vt ch ...)

CNG THC
Gi N: l lng nit c trong protein vi sinh vt P: l lng nit c trong phn T: l lng nit c trong nc tiu

Gi tr sinh hc (BV): Biu din % lng nit c gi li so vi nit tng. BV = (N-P-T).100/(N-P) H s tiu ha (D): c tnh theo % nit c hp th trn tng nit s dng D = (N-P).100/N

You might also like