Professional Documents
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TECHNOLOGY
• FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION
ENGINES
INTRODUCTION
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES ARE USED IN
A VARIETY OF STATIONARY APPLICATIONS
RANGING FROM POWER GENERATION TO INERT
GAS PRODUCTION.
BOTH SPARK AND COMP. ENGINES CAN BE
FOUND.
A VARIETY OF FUELS CAN BE USED FOR
I.C.ENGINES.
THE OPERATION OF I.C ENGINES RESULTS IN THE
ENISSION OF HYDROCARBONS,CO,NOX,, &
PARTICULATE MATTER.
TECHNIQUES USED TO
CONTROL
CATALYST CONTROL TECHNOLOGY-
PRINCIPLE- USED FOR CONTROLLING THE
GASEOUS EMISSION OF A STATIONARY
I.C. ENGINES – THE CATALYST CAUSES
CHEMICAL REACTIONS WITHOUT BEING
CHANGED OR CONSUMED. CATALYST
TRANSFORM POLLUTANTS INTO
HARMLESS GASES.
SELECTIVE CATALYTIC
REDUCTION
INTRODUCING A REDUCING
AGENTS SUCH AS
AMMONIA,UREA,MAKES THE
NECESSARY CHEMICAL REACTIONS
POSSIBLE.
THE REACTIONS ARE:-
4NO+4NH3+O2-- 4N2+6H2O
2NO+4NH3+2O2-- 3N2+6H2O
OXIDATION CATALYSTS
OXIDATION CATALYSTS CONTAIN
PRECIOUS METALS IMPREGNATED
INTO A HIGH GEOMATRIC SURFACE
AREA CARRIER AND ARE PLACED IN
THE EXHAUST STREAM THEY ARE
VERY EFFECTIVE IN CONTROLLING
CO&HYDROCARBON EMISSION.
CATALYTIC CONVERTER
WORKING
HELP IN REDUCING EMISSIONS
BY CONTROLLING EXHAUST BEFORE
IT LEAVES THE ENGINE.
BY CONTROLLING THE AIR TO FUEL
RATIO(IDEAL RATIO 14.7:1 )
HOW REDUCE POLLUTION
Most modern cars are equipped with three-way
catalytic converters. "Three-way" refers to the
three regulated emissions it helps to reduce --
carbon monoxide, VOCs and NOx molecules. The
converter uses two different types of catalysts, a
reduction catalyst and an oxidation catalyst.
Both types consist of a ceramic structure coated
with a metal catalyst, usually platinum, rhodium
and/or palladium. The idea is to create a
structure that exposes the maximum surface
area of catalyst to the exhaust stream, while also
minimizing the amount of catalyst required (they
are very expensive).
DIAGRAMS
TYPES