typically oriental but influenced by western culture implied or integrated in the peoples way of thinking & behaving

successful nations use their indigenous philosophy for social, political & economic stability indigenous philosophy serves as the point of reference

 influenced by China & India archeological facts attests to it non-dualistic tendency to harmonize is evident in Filipino physiological imperatives
e.g. Hot & cold syndrome

 compared with Filipino cultural originality barrowed culture are transformed, modified & taken as their own sacramental god-parenthood of Spanish, transformed into technique for alliance making (Compadre system) Jeepney- Filipinos pragmatism

 Person / Family Oriented Holistic & interdisciplinary Integrated in the values system
seen as a way of life (in contrast to theory & practice of the West)

 Holistic & oriental Not compartmentalized can be understood in the usage of concept of LOOB
an encompassing term which mirror the holistic view of man e.g. Masakit ang loob involves sorrow & pain of ones whole being

 Parts of the body are associated with feelings & emotions

Intestines are connected with life

malayo sa bituka to mean NOT SERIOUS

genitals have to do with courage

walang bayag

 Possesses an idea of DEMIURGE Bathala & Diwata Creation brought about by Bathala Respect for Nature Spirits animates the environment

 Person Oriented
SAKOP oriented

thinks of himself as belonging to & identify himself with a group consider the success & welfare of the group as his own fulfillment

 Concept of Private Property

Communal oriented

seen in his behavior at the public properties

reflected in his regard to private property

e.g. makikiraan po! kapitbahay neighbor attitude

 Epitome of Respect Mano + Po

Hand communal parlance denoting UNIVERSAL NOTION of RESPECT

embodiment of Filipinos regard & respect for others

attest to the PERSON oriented of Filipinos

 Hiya
Negative-arrest or inhibits ones actions; reduces one to smalleness or morality of slaves; making one timid, meek & weak

Positive- contributes to peace of mind; lack of stress for not even trying to achieve

 Ningas Cogon (Procastination)

Negative- begins ardently & dies down as soon as it begins; renders one inactive and unable to initiate things or to persevere

Positive-

makes a person nonchalant, detached, indifferent, nonplussed should anything go wrong, and hence conducive to peace and tranquillity

 Pakikisama (group loyalty)

Negative- closes one's eyes to evils like graft and corruption in order to conserve peace and harmony in a group at the expense of one's comfort.

Positive-

one lives for others; peace or lack of dissension is a constant goal

 Patigasan ( test of strength)

Negative- is stubborn and resists all efforts at reconciliation; childish, vindictive, irresponsible, irrational

Positive-

sign that we know our rights and are not easily cowed into submission; "will to power."

 Bahala Na (Resignation)
Negative- leaves everything to chance under the pretext of trusting in Divine providence; laziness disguised in religious garb

Positive-

relies on a superior power rather than on one's own; conducive to humility, modesty, and lack of arrogance

 Kasi ( becausescapegoat)
Negative- disowns responsibility and makes a scapegoat out of someone or something; one remains lily white and has a ready alibi for failure

Positive-

can see both sides of the picture and know exactly where a project failed; never suffer from guilt or selfincrimination

 Saving Face
Negative- enables a person to shirk responsibility. One is never accountable for anything.

Positive-

one's psyche is saved from undue embarrassment, sleepless nights, remorse of conscience; saves one from accountability or responsibility; enables one to make a graceful exit from guilt instead of facing the music and owning responsibility for an offense

 Sakop
Negative- never learns to be on one's own but relies on one's family and relatives; stunts growth and prevents a person from growing on one's own; Generating a life of parasitism

Positive-

cares for the family and clan; one stands or falls with them; makes a person show concern for the family to which he belongs.

 Utang na Loob (indebtedness)

Negative- overlooks moral principles when one is indebted to a person; condones what the other person does and will never censure him for wrongdoing

Positive-

a recognition of one's indebtedness

 Kanya kanya (Self-centeredness)

Negative- self-centered; one has no regard for others;

Positive-

one takes care of oneself and one's family: "Blood is thicker than water."