GOVT.SEN.SEC.

SCHOOL
ATTARI (ROPAR)

Prepared By:-
Rakesh Kumar (Sci. Master)
 TOPIC

METALS AND NON METALS

 Contents
What is metal ?
Properties of metals
Chemical Properties
What is Non Metals ?
Properties of Non Metals.
Importance of Non Metals.
Metals are found in Earth. It posses
shining surfaces and good conductor of
electricity and heat. Aluminum, gold,
copper, iron, lead, mercury, silver, zinc
etc. are strategic metals.
PROPERTIES OF METALS
NATURE :Metals are solids at normal
temperatures but mercury is liquid at
normal temperature.
MELTING AND BOILING POINT :It
depends upon the strength of its metallic
bond. Metals with weaker metallic bond
(MB) are having low melting & boiling
point while metals with strong MB having
higher melting & boiling point .
 3. Luster : Metals having shining surfaces.
This shine is due to the presence of free
electrons.
4. Malleability & ductility : when a piece of
metal is hammered, it can easily change
its shape. That is why metals are
malleable.
5.Hardness: some metals like sodium are so
soft that even one cut them with knife. On
the other hand some are hard metals .
Some metals have high tenile strength.
6. Density : metals normally possess very
high density. For example density of gold
is 19.3.gm/cm3 & silver is 10.49 gm/cm3.
 CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Reaction with acid: When metals reacts
acids then hydrogen gas is formed.
Zn +H2SO4 ZnSO4 + H2
Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2
REACTION OF METALS WITH
CHLORINE

When metals react with chlorine METAL

CHLORIDES are formed
Zn+ Cl2 ZnCl2
Reaction of metals with Oxygen
When metals reacts oxygen Basic oxides
are formed
4Na+O2 2Na2O
2Zn +O2 2ZnO
 Non - Metals
A non metal is a element that doesn’t
conduct electricity well and is neither
malleable and ductile.
 Properties of Non – Metals

Conductivity : Metals are bad conductor of heat

and electricity but graphite is good conductor.
Softness : Non –Metals are soft, but diamond is
very hard.
Lusture : Non –Metals do no have lusture, but
iodine possess lusture because of low ionisation
energy.
Non –Metals are neither malleable nor ductile.
 Reaction with oxygen
When non-metals reacts oxygen acidic
oxides are formed
C +O2 CO2 CO2
+H2O H2CO3
 Importance of Non – Metals:
Metals & Non Metals such as Hydrogen (H2),
Carbon (C), Iodine (I2) etc. are very important in
our daily life. H2 and O2 combine to form water.
Oxygen is 44.6% by weight of earth crust,
Nitrogen is used for fertilizers, Sulphur is used for
vulcanization of rubber. Carbon is an element
which is present in every living being. It is
constituent of hydrocarbons. Graphite an
allotropic form of carbon is used as electrodes
and as lubricant.
Bibliography

From 10 Class
th

Science Book.