HE GIAC QUAN (SENSORY SYSTEM)

THUOC HE THU CAM Cac thu quan trong (cac te bao senso) Cac thu quan ngoai (c quan phan tch) Th giac (mat): visional sensilla (eyes) Khu giac (mui): olfactory sensilla (nose) Thnh giac (tai): auditory sensilla (ear) V giac (li): gustatory sensilla (tongue) Xuc giac (da): tactile sensilla (skin; cutis)

CAM GIAC NOI TANG Cau truc kham trong cac mo thuoc cac noi quan tao ra cac xung cam giac noi tang

Tiep nhan kch thch ve nhiet, ma sat, ap lc, hoa hoc, bien oi ly
Vai tro t ieu chnh va ieu hoa cac hoat ong sinh hoc noi quan Van hanh thong qua he than kinh thc vat

Cam giac nhiet - Thu quan phan bo trong ong tieu hoa - cac ong mach canh gay phan xa tang ho hap va nhp tim Cam giac hoa (pH) - da day (vi HCL) m ha v - Xoang ong mach chu, ong mach canh (vi ion H+)

- trung khu ho hap hanh tuy

Cam giac c hoc Thu quan ap lc trong tang rong

Thu quan ma sat, tiep xuc hau mon

Thu quan ong mach Bang quang co thu the ap lc Kh quan gay phan xa ho do vat la Cam giac au

Chu yeu thu the da, au mup cac day than kinh

CAM GIAC BAN THE Cac thu quan trong bo c kham trong cac gan, khp V tr va s hoat ong cua cac chi C the nhan biet trong lc, t the, trang thai, khong gian Giup c the t ieu chnh cac van ong can oi, chnh xac khi tiep can cac vat the, dung cu

MAT
- V n bao cha co mat, amib co the phan ng vi anh sang
- Giun at co c quan thu the anh sang trai eu tren be mat c the

- Mot so v a bao co ho tiep nhan anh sang tap trung phan au

- Con trung co mat kep (thu nhan hnh anh tng phan bc th 2 la ghep lai)

V co xng song: mat n

Lp ca: ch co tb hnh que, trung khu th giac nao gia

V co xng song bac cao: then tb hnh non, trung khu th giac nao trung gian V co vu: co them trung khu cap cao vo nao, nh vay anh sang ngi co kha nang tiep nhan thong tin th hai

Cac Tb thu quan mat vong mac

S phan tch va truyen thong tin dien ra nh qua trnh bien oi sac to: - Rodopsin tb gay - Iodopsin tb non
Anh sang c tiep nhan : 0,1-0,8m Tam nhn c ieu chnh a dang Nhieu loai co cau truc tinh the

Thuy tinh the Ngan sau cau mat Ngan trc cau mat Giac mac

C thang ben Cung mac (cng mo) Mang mach Vong mac iem vang Ho vong

ong t Dch the

Mong mat Ket mac

Day chang treo

C mi CAU TRUC CAU MAT NGI

Than kinh th giac Dch thuy tinh C thang gia

NG DNG CNSH phc hi th gic cho nhiu bnh nhn thng qua cng ngh t bo gc (Stem cell)
Thang 1-2007, vong mac (retina) au tien ra i c bien oi t TBG

(Giac mac thanh cong nam 2003)

MUI
Khu giac co kha nang nhan biet cac phan t hoa hoc khuech tan c trong khong kh hay nc Vai tro sinh hoc: - Mui thc an - Mui chung loai - Mui sinh duc - Mui moi trng

V bac thap phat trien ho khu giac V co xng song noi chung, c quan khu giac phat trien manh tao xoang mui Long vu va Linh trng, khu giac kem phat trien hn o nhay cua khu gac thay oi theo loai, trang thai sinh ly, benh ly Cng o cua khu giac phu thuoc nong o cac phan t khuech tan

Mui la phan au tien cua he ho hap tiep nhan khong kh, gom mui ngoai, mui trong va cac xoang canh mui Co niem mac lien thong nhau, ben trong cua mui ngoai co nhieu long e can d vat va bui bam Niem mac mui nhieu tnh mach giup lam am khong kh

Cac TB thu quan ve mui nam trong phan tren cua xoang mui

C th phn bit hng ngn mi khc nhau nhng da trn mt s t mi c bn ging trng hp v gic Cc u tip nhn ca tb c cc tim mao phn b lp mng nhy ca xoang mi

Khi cht c mi khuch tn vo, s gn vi mt phn t th th trn mng nguyn sinh ca cc tb c tim mao S gn lm m knh mng tb th quan, kh phn cc v sn sinh in th truyn v no (hnh khu gic - olfactory bulb)

Hanh khu giac

Xoang trc Xoang xng bm Xng bm

Xng mui
Sun Mui hau

Xoang mui C moi Rang

Li

CAU TRUC C QUAN KHU GIAC va XOANG HO HAP

LI

C quan cam thu hoa hoc

Cau truc v giac a xuat hien t ca nhng cha tach khoi thu cam da Lng the trai eu trong xoang mieng V co vu v giac chuyen hoa hn tren be mat li Cac phan t hoa hoc can co kha nang hoa tan

Cc tb nhn cm gic v v t chc thnh cc chi v gic (taste buds) phn b nhiu vng li (cc gai li) v xoang ming Nhn ra 4 v c bn l ngt, chua, mn, ng Mi v c nhn bi mt vng ring trn li Cc cm gic c bn do hnh dng v in tch ca phn t c bit khi chng gn vo th th Cc tb thn kinh cm gic t chi v gic truyn thng tin v gic v no

 ngi trng thanh co ~ 2000 thu the Vung gia li va mat di li khong co v giac
n v v giac la num, moi num co 2-6tb

ang Chua Man Ngot Vung nhu nham

Cam giac v giac phu thuoc nhieu vao nhiet o

TAI VA C QUAN TIEN NH

Nhuyen the co cac tb cam giac am thanh n gian trong tui dch Ca co them tai trong Lng c co them tai gia

Bo sat xuat hien tai ngoai

C quan thnh giac va thang bang hoan thien ong vat co vu

Cau tao tai gom: - Tai ngoai (auris sxterna) - Tai gia (auris media) - Tai trong (auris interna) BO PHAN CHNH CUA TAI LA ME LO (LABYRINTHUS) am nhan chc phan thnh giac va thang bang

Am thanh truyen theo quy tac nen n cac phan t khong kh tac ong len tb thu qua

CAU TRUC C QUAN THNH GIAC VA THANG BANG 1: Mang nh 2: Xng bua 3: Xng e 4: Xng ban ap
11

(A)

(D)

5: Ong ban khuyen 6: TK thnh giac 7: TK mat 8: TK tien nh 9: Oc tai cha dch 10: Voi Eustachian 11: Ong tien nh

(B)

(C)

A: ong tai ngoai B: tai ngoai

C: tai gia D: ong tai ngoai

Gii han thnh lc: 10-120 Decibel 20-20.000 Hz

Am thanh
Ong tai ngoai Mang nh rung Tac ong xng bua Go xuong xng e Tac ong xng ban ap

Tac ong vao oc tai tao rung ong dch

CAM GIAC THANG BANG He ong ban khuyen am trach ket hp vi ong tien nh va oc tai Cac ong ban khuyen xep theo ba chieu khong gian:

Ong trc: chieu mat phang trai - phai Ong sau: chieu mat phang trc - sau Ong ngoai: chieu mat phang tren - di
Ong tien nh cha nhieu tui, moi tui co nhieu tb thu cam thang bang

XUC GIAC (xem phan Bieu b) The Meissner: c hoc, ma sat The Paccini: c hoc, ap lc The Krause: nhiet lanh The Ruffini: nhiet nong S ket hp cac thu the va au mup than kinh: thu nhan cam giac au

C quan xuc giac tren da chu yeu do ba the thu quan chnh -The vong MERKEL -Tieu the RUFFINI -au day TK t do Cac thu quan c noi vi day TK i ve TK trung ng

Cac cam giac au thng c cam nhan gian tiep qua cac hp chat do tb thai ra khi b ton thng