HE THONG CAC TUYEN TIET Va c che tac ong cua hormone

T. tung (Pineal) T. di oi (Hypothalamus) T. yen (Pituitary) T. giap (Thyroid) T. can giap (Parathyroids) T. c (Thymus) T. tren than (Adrenals) T. tuy (Pancreas) T. sinh duc Ovary - Testes

Tuyen tung
Pineal gland

Hnh qua thong (1-3mm; 120mg)

Cha cac tb Pinealocyte nam xen ke vi cac hat Ca

San pham chu yeu la melatonin va cac peptid khac Ham lng giam en khi ngng day th Voi hoa tuoi 11-18

ONG HO SINH HOC Pht tn hiu thi gian theo ng thn kinh (ch quan c iu chnh)
VNG MC Tip nhn nhp ngy m

TUYN TNG Melatonin vn hnh c th

MELATONIN SUSTAIN

Ri lon nhp ngy m Jet Lag (bay qua nhiu mi gi) Ci thin chu k thc ng cho ngi m

TUYEN YEN (Pituitary gland)

Tron nho, <1cm, w< 1g Nam gan, di oi th 3 thuy (trc - sau - gia) La tuyen noi tiet chu yeu: San xuat nhieu loai hor. Hor. cua no ieu khien s tiet hor. cua cac tuyen noi tiet khac (tuyen trung gian) Hoat ong cua tuyen yen do trung tam than kinh ieu khien

Vai tro trung gian giai phong hoac c che hoat ong cua cac tuyen noi tiet khac THAN KINH TRUNG NG
TUYEN YEN
Hormon (giai phong or c che)

Hormone
Cac c quan ch

Feed back

Feed back

Cac tuyen noi tiet khac

Benh l tuyen yen rat a dang: benh ai thao nhat, benh khong lo va to au chi, roi loan day th...

Ngi khng l v ngi t hon do u nng v thiu nng tuyn Yn

1,81m

2,55m

1,13m

HYPOTHALAMUS
IU KHIN HOT NG CA TUYN YN

Thong qua: 5 RHs (Releasing Hor.) (hor. giai phong) hoac kch thch Stimulating hor. 3 IFs (Inhibitory factor) (nhan to c che)

Tuyen giap (Thyroid gland)

Nam ngay di thanh quan, Cau truc nang hai ben va pha trc kh quan Cac tb hnh tru ~100-300 mm, W= 25-40g

Thyroxine: chiem 93% Triiodothyronine: chiem 7%

Cac Thyroxin c tong hp t bo Golgi cua te bao bat au nh s chuyen hoa cac a.a Tyroxin
Iod la thanh phan ac trng quan trong cua cac hor Thyroxin, iod c van chuyen ti tuyen giap va gan vao cac Tyroxin ( v tr C3 va C4) nh peroxydase

TB can nang (tb C) tiet Calcitonin Tac dung giam calci trong mau (va P) Tang tai hap thu calci xng

(oi khang trc tiep vi hor. can giap)

Calcitonin Gene Related peptide (CGPR) gy gin mch - Calcitonin (polypeptid 32 acid amin) - Somatostatin (polypeptid 14 a.a)

Hormon tuyen giap ac biet quan trong 1. Tang cng chuyen hoa te bao 2. Tang cng sao chep gen

3. ieu hoa nhu cau vitamin

4. Tang cng hoat ong tim mach 5. Hoat hoa c che than kinh 6. ieu hoa cac hormon sinh duc 7. ieu hoa cac hormon ng huyet 8. Tang cng hoat tnh co c 9. Tang cng trng thanh xng 10. Gay bien thai

Thiu nng tuyn gip c thn hnh ln

u nang: benh nhan

TRN THNH PH, ngi cao nhat Viet nam T 1,68m, 68kg, cao ln hn 2m nng 115kg v nay dng li 2,28m, gim nng cn 96kg

Hai dang bu co

Bu c do thiu Iod

Bu c do cng gip

LI MT EXOPHTHALMOS (DO EXOPHTHALMOS PRODUCING SUBSTANCE) BNH BASEDOW HAY GRAVES DISEASE

U NNG TUYN GIP DO LATS (LONG-ACTING THYROID STIMULATORS)

TUYEN CAN GIAP (Parathyroid gland)

Nho 0,5cm, nang ~40mg sau tuyen giap -4 thuy -3 loai te bao chuyen biet

Phat trien cc ai ngi trng thanh

Hormon tuyen can giap

Parathyroid hormone (PTH, parathormone)

Tc dng ch yu ca l lm tng calci trong mu (thng qua huy ng Ca t xng v thn v hp th t rut) Ngc li vi Calcitonin t tuyn Gip (Khi tang nong o Ca se ong thi giam phosphate trong dch ngoai bao)

Tuyen c (thymus gland)

Cau thanh bi mo lien ket m va si San pham la tap hp cac hormone peptid can thiet cho s phat trien cac Lympho T: Thymopoietin Thymosin

Tuyen tuy noi tiet (pancrea gland)

Tuy (la ma) nam sau da day sat thanh sau o bung nang ~ 80g mau trang nhat hoac hong nhat gom co ba phan: au tuy, than tuy va uoi tuy Trung bnh tuy co the tiet 0,8 lt/ ngay dch ngoai tiet

Tac dung chnh la chuyen hoa glucid

Thng tac dung ong thi cua Insulin va Glucagon trong kiem soat ng huyet

Te bao goc tr tieu ng

Phat trien tb goc phoi ngi thanh cac tb tuyen tuy co kha nang san xuat insulin va mot so hormone khac Thanh cong: Ct ky thuat sinh hoc Novecell (My), 2006 Tng lai: hy vong co the cay th cac te bao nay tren ong vat vao nam 2008 va ng dung tren c the ngi vao nam 2009

TUYEN TREN THAN Adrenal glands

2 tuyen thng than, moi tuyen nang ~ 4g, cc tren cua hai than

Tren 24 hormon goi chung la corcosteroid, dan xuat t cholesterol

Cortex Tuy

Vo thng than
Cac te bao lp cau san xuat mineralcorticoid: aldosteron Nhng te bao lp bo tiet ra glucocorticoid: cortisol Nhng te bao lp li vung ben trong tiet ra mot lng nho androgen, la hormon gii tnh nam co tac dung giong Testoterone.

Tuy thng than

Nam phan trung tam, chiem 20%
Cac te bao a Crom vung ngoai bien tiet vao mau cac catecholamine nh: * Adrenalin (Epinephrin): 50% * Noradrenalin (Norepinephrin) Cac hormon nay tac dung kch thch trc tiep day than kinh nh giao cam

CHC NNG ADRENALIN (Epinephrin)

Tng chc nng tim: nhp & sc co bp Dn c ca xng, bng quang, ph qun Co c ni quan & da, gy gin mch mu Tng sn sng ca tm thn Tng phn gii glycogen, phng thch m Tng tit glucagon, gim tit insulin (p tr tnh hung phi Fight or Flight chng tr hay b chy)
Noradenalin (Norepinephrin): gy co tiu ng mch Phng thch m

DOPAMIN
L cht tin thn ca noradrenalin & adrenalin C nhiu th th c ch s tit kch dc t t tuyn yn Bnh Parkinson (bnh lit rung) do t bo sn xut dopamin trong no cht

Bnh Parkinson
Mohammad Ali run ry v bnh lit rung Parkinson khi mang uc chy thp ngn la Th Vn Hi ma h Alanta 1996, tay tri b lit nng, tay phi cm uc

ALDOSTERONE
Gi Na+ bng ti hp th (2%) thn gim bi tit nc, tng th tch mu tng Na+ trong serum Gim Na+ (so vi K+) trong m hi v nc bt Tng ti hp th Na+ t rut kt (rut gi) v bi tit K+ trong phn. Kiu hormon steroid: th th trong bo cht protein vn chuyn Na+ (genomic mechanism) Kiu hormon thng (rapid non-genomic mechanism): th th trn mng t bo yu t vn chuyn i lu Na+ H+ antiporter.

Cushings Syndrome
Tha ACTH tha cortisol Yu, teo c; chn tay nh do phn hy protein Ti phn b m: mt trn, bng ph, g Ph n b nam ha: mt kinh, nhiu mn (Gi lng tnh, hnh th ging n ng, ni c, hi u, nhiu lng ngc; m vt to hn bnh thng)

STRESS l phc hp nhng thay i khng c hiu pht sinh trong c th di nh hng ca bt k tc ng no, l ton b nhng phn ng khng c hiu mang tnh thch nghi t v
3 BIU HIN CA STRESS
V TUYN TRN THN TO LN & CHA T HT GC LIPID TUYN C, L LCH, CU TRC BCH HUYT THOI HO D DY, T TRNG LOT, XUT HUYT

Tuyen tiet sinh duc

Tuyen tiet sinh duc nam la tinh hoan n la buong trng va nhau thai ay la nhng tuyen pha Ngoai tiet (tao tinh trung va trng) Noi tiet (san xuat hormon sinh duc)

Hormone buong trng

Estroge (estriol, estradiol, estron): co anh hng en c quan sinh san n, cac tuyen noi tiet; hanh vi, thai o; phai tnh th phat cua ngi n...

(iu ho s chn mui v hon thin chc nng cc c im sinh dc ph)

Hormone tinh hoan

Nhm Androgen gm cc hormones chnh: Testoterone, ngoi ra c Dihydrotestoterone, Androstenedion, Ethiocholanolone, Estradiol... Vai tr: iu ho s bit ha, chn mui Chc nng, c im sinh dc ph.

Nhau thai Nhieu loai hormon steroid va protid anh hng en thi ky mang thai: Hormon tao sa nguon goc nhau hCL (human placetal lactogen ) Hormon gay tang ng huyet hPL (human chorionic somatomammotropin) Estrogen Progresteron (progestin)

Cau truc noi tiet khac

Tim
Tam nh co mot so te bao ac hieu tiet ANF (Atrial Natriuretic Factor) c che phong thch aldosterol (bai tiet) gian c trn, gay li tieu

Da

Tiet cholecalciferol, mot dang kch hoat cua vitamin D3 khi c chieu tia cc tm

Angiotensin con co the mo gii tac dung cho cac hor sinh trng

Than

Do mot so tb cha biet tiet erythroprotein giup tuy xng tang san xuat hong cau 1, 25- Dihydroxyvitamin D3 to xng, thu calci

Da day ruot

Tiet nhng hormon nh v trong niem mac da day ruot GI (Gastrointestinal), ieu tiet chc nang tieu hoa

STOP