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Archim Archimedes edes the grew up in

Greek citystate of Syracuse on the island of Sicily. His father was

EARLY LIFE
Archimedes is known to be a relative of Hiero II, who was the king of Syracuse during Archimedes' life. Hiero and Archimedes were very close friends. However, nothing else is known about any other

continuation. Archimedes had a good . . education as a boy, for the Greeks loved knowledge and sent their sons to schools to become knowledgeable Greek citizens. Some of the subjects that he studied as a boy were poetry, politics, astronomy, mathematics, music, art, and military

genius in math is well known, continuation. . . Archimedes was also an astronomer and made contributions to science as well. Archimedes built a machine that helped him to

THE ARCHIMEDEAN SCREW

One such story recounts how a perplexed King Hiero was unable to empty rainwater from the hull of one of his ships. The King called upon Archimedes for assistance. Archimedes' solution was to create a machine consisting of a hollow tube containing a spiral that could be turned by a handle at one end.

This invention of Archimedes was also used for irrigation. The screw was like a hand pump that was used to spray water directly from the Nile onto the fields.

THE PUZZLE OF THE KINGS CROWN

King Hiero had commissioned a new royal crown for which he provided solid gold to the goldsmith. When the crown arrived, King Hiero was suspicious that the goldsmith only used some of the gold, kept the rest for himself and added silver to make the crown the correct weight. Archimedes was asked to determine whether or not the

Archimedes was perplexed but found inspiration while taking a bath. He noticed that the full bath overflowed when he lowered himself into it, and suddenly realized that he could measure the crown's volume by the amount of water it displaced. He knew that since he could measure the crown's volume, all he

Archimedes was so exuberant about his discovery that he ran down the streets of Syracuse naked shouting, "Eureka!" which meant "I've found it!" in Greek. NOW, this discovery is known as the Principle of Buoyancy (often called Archimedes Principle)

Archimedes and the Defense of Syracuse

It was his inventions of mechanical contrivances and war machines such as levers, catapults, pulleys, movable poles for dropping heavy weights on enemy ships and cranes with hooks to raise and smash enemy ships that made him famous. Its even claimed that he used giant magnifying glasses to set the enemy vessels on fire.

After using a compound pulley to move a very heavy ship, Archimedes is reported to have said, Give me a place to stand on and I will move the earth.

Altogether ten treatises of Archimedes have survived, three devoted to plane geometry Measurement of a Circle Quadrature of the Parabola and On spirals Two to Three-dimensional geometry On the Sphere and Cylinder and On Conoids and Spheroids One on arithmetic The Sand Reckoner

TEN TREATISES OF ARCHIMEDES

A CONTRIBUTION TO MATHEMATICS

One of the easiest to visualise contribution of Archimedes was the method he used to find an approximation for using circumscribed and inscribed regular polygons of a circle. This appears as Proposition 3 of Measurement of a Circle. What follows is a simplified version of what Archimedes did.

Archimedes started with a circle of unit radius:

(What the unit used was is not important. It could be 1 inch, or 1 centimetre, or 1 anything. The important thing is that all lengths will be measured using the same unit.)

He then inscribed a regular hexagon inside the circle:

By comparing the circumference of the circle with the perimeter of the hexagon, he concluded that >3

Next, he inscribed a regular dodecagon inside the circle: Again by comparing the circumference of the circle with the perimeter of the dodecagon, he concluded that > 3 1/10 (or more precisely 3.10597)

He then doubled the number of sides of the regular polygon to 24, then 48, then 96; each time obtaining better and better approximations for . Using this method, he concluded that > 3 10/71 (or 3.140845 as a rounded decimal).

Archimedes then repeated the whole process, but this time using circumscribed regular polygons:

By following a similar method, comparing the circumference of the circle with the perimeters of regular polygons with 6, 12, 24, 48 and eventually 96 sides, he concluded that < 3 1/7 (or 3.142857 as a rounded decimal).

Taking the two results together, Archimedes gave the result that 3 10/71 < < 3 1/7 This was a remarkably accurate result for its time.

ARCHIMEDES CLAW

Archimedes' claw was invented to defend the city of Syracuse. Known as the 'ship-shaker', it is shaped like a crane arm, from which a large metal hook was balanced. When the claw was dropped on an attacking ship, it would lift the ship by swinging the arm upwards and then sink the ship.

DEATH RAY
There have beeM many doubts about Archimedes weapon of the death Ray. However in 2005 the Death Ray was proved and tested by a University class (MIT). Using over one hundred mirrors,they made a dummy profile of ship with 5 inch thick wood which ignited after focusing all the mirrors to

THE ARCHIMEDEAN SOLIDS

Truncated Tetrahedron The first is a figure of eight bases, being contained by four triangles and four hexagons. After this come three figures of fourteen bases, the first contained by eight triangles and six squares, the second by six

Cuboctahedron

Truncated

Truncated Cube and the third by eight triangles and six octagons.

Rhombicubocta After these come two hedron figures of twenty-six bases, the first contained by eight triangles and eighteen squares, Truncated the second by twelve Cuboctahedron squares, eight hexagons and six octagons. Icosidodecahed After these come three ron figures of thirty-two

Truncated Icosahedron second by the twelve pentagons and twenty hexagons, Truncated Dodecahedron and the third by twenty triangles and twelve decagons. After these comes one figure of thirty-eight bases, being contained by

Snub Cube

Rhombicosidode After this come two cahedron figures of sixty-two bases, the first contained by twenty triangles, thirty squares and twelve pentagons, Truncated the second by thirty Icosidodecahedr squares, twenty on hexagons and twelve decagons. Snub After these there comes Dodecahedron lastly a figure of ninetytwo bases, which is

God created few men to have genius, Archimedes was one of those men. He made many discoveries and figured out many of the scientific principles that scientists now consider to be some of the basic principles of math and science. However, even famous men can have insignificant endings. In 212 the Romans had gained control of Syracuse after a long siege.

DEATH OF ARCHIMEDES

Archimedes was at his home totally absorbed in his work. His last recorded words of are these, "Noli turbane circulos meos!" This means, "Do not disturb my circles!"

Archimedes was working on a mathematical problem and was so absorbed in it that he became annoyed with a certain Roman soldier who stepped onto the cicles that he was drawing. This Roman soldier had come to bring Archimedes before

When Archimedes said this to the soldier, the soldier became so angry that he drew his sword and killed Archimedes. When the soldier's general heard what he had done, the soldier was executed. This was how the great genius Archimedes met his end. Yet his work lives on today, and we are the benefactors of his labors in the fields of mathematics, science, and

THE TOMB OF ARCHIMEDES

carried a sculpture illustrating his favorite mathematical proof, consisting of a sphere and a cylinder of the same height and diameter. Archimedes had proved that the volume and surface area of the sphere are two thirds that of the cylinder including its bases.

THANK YOU !

REFERENCES:
http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b2archimedes_p1ab.htm http://www.archimedespalimpsest.org/archimedes_bio1.html

http://www.docstoc.com/docs/526491/Archimedes-Contributions-to-Mathe http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archimedes http://www.mcs.drexel.edu/~crorres/Archimedes/contents.html http://web01.shu.edu/projects/reals/history/archimed.html