Belt Conveyors

Presentation by Group 1

What is Belt Conveyor?

Belt Conveyor Equipment.

is

Material

Handling

Belt Conveyor consist of a belt running over drums or pulleys provided at the end and are supported at intervals by a series of rollers known as Idlers.

Types of Belt Conveyors:

Flat Belt Conveyors Troughed Belt Conveyors

Portable Belt Conveyors

Belt Conveyor Components :

Following are the main components of a Belt Conveyor system :

Belt Pulleys and Idlers Drives Motor and Controls Conveyor Belt Take-ups Hold Backs Feeders

Belt :

Conveyor Belt consist of a carcass embedded in rubber. The carcass is made up of Plies or Layers of Fabric (Cotton or Synthetic ) bonded together carries tension and absorbs impact. The rubber compound may be natural, synthetic or a blend. Steel-wire standard cable may also be used in place of fabric.

Belt (Continued) :

Vulcanizing or Mechanical Fasteners are used to make the Conveyor Belts endless at the job site.

Pulleys and Idlers :

Pulleys are generally located at the terminals of a belt conveyors, where they support the belt and transmit driving power. The Conveyor Belts are supported on idlers between the terminals. The idlers are generally of three-roll type , with the central roll horizontal and two side rolls inclined to form a trough.

Pulleys and Idlers (Continued):

This angle of inclination is generally kept at 20. The idler rolls are made up of steel tubing , with welded end discs which has antifriction bearings. The idler supporting the loaded strand of the belt is known as upper idler.

Pulleys and Idlers (Continued):

The idler supporting the return belt is called as lower idler. The upper idler may be 3-roller type or single-roller type. But lower idler always have a single roller.

Drives :

Nearly all belt conveyors are driven by electric motors. Speed reduction may be achieved by chain and sprockets, V-belt or gearing. The drives are located at the discharge end of inclined conveyors.

Motors and Controls :

Squirrel-cage and wound-rotor type motors are commonly used in conveyors. The motor for a conveyor belt drive must have sufficient torque to overcome the starting friction of the system.

Conveyor Belt Take-ups :

1. 2.

Take-ups are provided to adjust increase in length of the belt due to its elongation after it is put into operation. Take-ups are of 2 types , Screw take-ups Counter weight take-ups

1. Screw take-ups :

These are used to increase the length of the conveyor by moving the head or tail pulley. This system is used for short belts.

2. Weight take-ups :

In this system weighted pulleys are provided to create uniform tension in the returning belt. This system is used for long belts

Hold Backs :

Hold backs are mechanical devices which allow the driving pulley to rotate only in normal direction and prevent to rotate in opposite direction Hold backs are provided on the driving pulley to prevent the load from causing the belt to run backward in the event of power failure ,if the belt is operating on an incline.

Feeders :

These are used to deliver the material to a belt at a uniform rate. It may deliver the material on the belt either directly or through a chute in order to reduce the impact of falling material.

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor :

Belt Conveyor system requires external power for following purposes: To move the empty belt over the idlers To move the load I. Horizontally II. Vertically To rotate all pulleys To compensate for friction and other losses

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor : (continued)

Power required to move the empty belt :

Horse Power required to move an empty belt is given by the equation :

LSCW

P=
4500

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor : (continued)

Where , L = Length of conveyor , m S = Speed of the belt , m/min C = Idler-friction factor W= Weight of the moving parts/m of conveyor

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor : (continued)

Power required to move a load horizontally :

Horse power required to move a load horizontally may be expressed by ,

LCT
P=

3600

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor : (continued)

Where , L = Length of conveyor , m C = Idler-friction factor T = Tons material moved per hour

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor : (continued)

Power required to move a load up an inclined :

Two components may be calculated from following relation i- To move the load horizontally

LCT
P=

3600

Power Required to Drive a Belt Conveyor : (continued)

ii- Lift the load through the net change in elevation

TH
P=

3600
Where , T = Material moved in tons/hr H = Net change in elevation ,m

Belt Capacity :
Carrying capacity of a belt (tons/hr) = cross sectional area of material on the belt (m2) x Speed of the belt (m/hr) x Unit weight of the material (tons/m3)

Selection and Design Criteria :

A belt should have following qualities : Width Strength Thickness and Grade Lateral Flexibility Impact Resistance Lateral Stiffness Longitudinal Flexibility

Advantages of Belt Conveyor:

It is capable of handling light or heavy ,fine or coarse ,wet or dry material. It can handle ,thousands of tons of material per hour for several kilometers. It can handle hot materials up to 160C or so. It is lighter in weight and consumes less power. It operates without noise. It gives a continuous discharge and quantity of which can be varied by varying the speed of belt. It can carry material horizontally or in an inclination