GII THIEU HE VI X LY TONG QUAT

NGUYEN NH PHU

NOI DUNG BAI HOC

Lch

s phat trien cua VXL Cac khai niem c ban cua VXL

SAU KHI KET THUC CO THE BIET CHC NANG

Lch s phat trien cac loai VXL, may tnh Chieu dai t d lieu Kha nang truy xuat bo nh Toc o lam viec Thanh ghi cua VXL Lenh cua VXL Cac kieu truy xuat bo nh Cac loai bo nh Cac mach ien giao tiep ngoai vi

VI X LY
La

IC so chuyen ve x ly d lieu, tnh toan d lieu va K theo chng trnh Vi x ly (vxl): mircoprocessor D lieu: data Chng trnh: program

HE THONG VI X LY
VXL

BO

NH NGOAI VI (I/O: INPUT/OUTPUT)

HE THONG MAY VI TNH

CHNG TRNH SE IEU KHIEN

Cac mach

ien logic, Cac bo nh (memory), Cac thiet b xuat/nhap (Input/output) e x ly d lieu (data).

LCH S PHAT TRIEN VXL GAN LIEN VI CAC VI MACH

Vi

cong nghe SSI va MSI th VXL van con la mot nhom gom nhieu IC ket hp lai vi nhau. Vi cong nghe LSI va VLSI th cau truc c rut gon va tch hp thanh mot IC duy nhat c goi la VXL (microprocessor) thap nien 70.

CONG NGHE
SSI: SMALL

SCALE INTEGRATED MSI: MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATED LSI: LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED VLSI: VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED

CAC SAN PHAM DUNG VXL

LCH S VI X LY
The

he th nhat la Vi x ly 4 bit The he th hai la Vi x ly 8 bit The he th ba la Vi x ly 16 bit The he th t la Vi x ly 32 bit The he th nam la Vi x ly 64 bit

LCH S VI X LY
Cac vi

x ly tang ve so lng bit Tang them so lng lenh ieu khien va cac lenh tnh toan phc tap.

 Nam 1971,
o
o

LCH S VI X LY GAN LIEN VI INTEL

Intel cho ra VXL 4 bit 4004

Co the truy xuat 4096 o nh 4 bit Co 45 lenh.

VI X LY 8 BIT 8008
Nam 1972,
o
o

Intel cho ra VXL 8 bit 8008

Co the truy xuat 16K o nh 8 bit Co 48 lenh.

VI X LY 8 BIT 8080
Nam 1974,
o
o o

Intel cai tien 8008 thanh 8080

Co the truy xuat 64Kbyte bo nh Co nhieu lenh hn, Chay nhanh gap 10 lan so vi 8008.

VI X LY 8 BIT 8085
Nam 1976,
o
o o

Intel cai tien 8080 thanh 8085:

Tch hp mach tao xung clock, Co nhieu ngat phuc vu cho nhieu ng dung Tch hp mach ieu khien he thong.

VI X LY 16 BIT 8086
Nam 1978,
o
o o

Intel cho ra VXL 16 bit 8086:

Co 20 ng a ch Truy xuat 1MB bo nh

Bus d lieu trong va ngoai eu la 16bit.

VI X LY 16 BIT 8088
Nam

o
o o

1979, Intel san xuat VXL 16 bit 8088 Hieu chnh t VXL 8086 Khac vi 8086 la bus d lieu ngoai 8 bit Muc ch hieu chnh nham ha gia thanh va tr thanh vi x ly trong may tnh IBM-PC/XT.

VI X LY 16 BIT 80186
Cuoi
o
o o o

nam 1981, Intel cho ra VXL 80186

La phien ban m rong cua vi x ly 8086 Co ho tr quan ly bo nh theo phan oan va bao ve Bus a ch co 24 ng Cho phep truy xuat 16Mbyte bo nh.

VI X LY 16 BIT 80286
Nam 1982,

Intel cho ra VXL 16 bit 80286 Chu yeu phat trien t 8086 co them nhieu chc nang nh
o o o

Tch hp mach nh thi Tch hp mach ieu khien DMA, Tch hp mach ieu khien ngat, Mach chon chip bo nh c thiet ke rieng cho cac ng dung nhung vi gia thanh thap.

VI X LY 16 BIT 80286

VI X LY 32 BIT 80386
Nam 1985,
o o o

Intel cho ra VXL 32 bit 80386

Co quan ly bo nh theo trang va phan oan bo nh, Bus d lieu ben trong va ben ngoai eu la 32 bit, Tap thanh ghi c m rong.

VI X LY 32 BIT 80486
Nam 1989,
o o o

Intel cho ra 32 bit 80486

o
o

Co cai thien kien truc e tang hieu suat, Co bo nh cache tren bo, n v dau cham ong tren bo. Co them 6 lenh so vi 80386. Cai tien lenh nh thi e tang hieu suat.

VI X LY PENTIUM
Nam 1993,
o
o

Intel cho ra VXL Pentium la VXL 64 bit

Co n v dau cham ong. Cai tien lenh nh thi so vi 80486.

VI X LY PENTIUM PRO
Nam

1995, Intel cho ra VXL Pentium Pro co tch hp bo nh cache.

VI X LY PENTIUM II, III, IV

Nam

MMX. Nam 1999, Intel cho ra i VXL Pentium III IA64, m rong tao luong SIMD Nam 2000, Intel cho ra i VXL Pentium IV.

1997, Intel cho ra VXL Pentium II = Pentium Pro +

KET THUC TOM TAT CHNG 1

Lch

s phat trien VXL. Chieu dai t d lieu, Kha nang truy xuat bo nh Tap lenh, chng trnh Bo nh, ngoai vi Lnh vc ng dung cua VXL

CAU HOI KIEM TRA

Cau 1: Hay cho biet cac the he cua vi x ly va trong tng the he hay neu ten hoac ma so cua mot vi x ly tng ng. Cau 2: Cac the he vi x ly 8 bit cua INTEL co bao nhieu loai va ma so theo th t cai tien va cac cai tien ntn?

CAU HOI KIEM TRA

Cau 3: Cung thi vi vi x ly 8 bit cua Intel th con co vxl cua cac hang nao ma so la g?

Cau 4: The he vxl 32 bit cua INTEL gom nhng loai nao ? Hay cho biet so ng a ch ?

CAU HOI KIEM TRA

Cau 5: Hay cho biet cac 5 san pham co dung VXL? Cau 6: Mot HTVXL gom cac thanh phan nao? Vai tro hay chc nang cua cac thanh phan o? Cau 7: Hay neu cac thong so e chng minh sc manh, nang lc, toc o cua VXL?

CAU HOI KIEM TRA

Bo

nh gom cac ng tn hieu nao ? vai tro ac tnh cua tng loai, cach tnh dung lng BN? Vxl 8086 va 8088 la the he th may ? bao nhieu bit? khac nhau iem nao? Ly do?