Chng 4: H t hp

Mch 2 mc Mch nhiu mc Mch cng (adder) B tr (Subtractor) B cng/tr nh phn B nhn H Chuyn M (Code Conversion) B Gii M (DECODER) B M Ha (ENCODER) B Dn Knh (Multiplexer - MUX) B Phn Knh (DEMUX) B So Snh Ln (Comparator)
V c Lung 1

Khoa KTMT

Chng 4: H t hp
Mch t hp (Combinational Circuit) v Mch tun t (Sequential Circuit)

S khi mch t hp

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

Mch 2 mc
Cc cng c tnh cht b (NAND, NOR)thng nhanh hn v d xy dng hn cc cng khng o (AND, OR) Mch NAND-NAND

NAND2
Tch cc 0

BOR2
Tch cc 1

4
Cc k hiu cng NAND

V d: hm a s 4 bin f(A,B,C,D) dng cng AND-OR v dng cng NAND-NAND f=ABC+ABD+ACD+BCD

Khoa KTMT V c Lung 3

Mch 2 mc NOR-NOR
Bt k hm Logic no cng c th m t ch dng cng NOR
NOR2
Tch cc 0

BAND2
Tch cc 0

V d: f(A,B,C,D)=(A+B)(B+D)(A+D)(C+D)(B+C)(A+C)

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

Cng XOR v cng tng ng

XOR:

X Y X Y XY
X Y XY X Y
XNOR

XOR

XNOR:

XNOR = XOR ?

6
VD:

f1 A B C A BC f 2 A B C ABC

Hm so snh bng ca 2 s 2 bit dng cng XNOR

Khoa KTMT V c Lung 5

Mch nhiu mc
Dng trong tnh hung mng 2 mc khng c a chung hoc khng kh thi Kh nng Fan-in, Fan-out V d: hm f=ABC+ABD+ACD+BCD ch dng cc cng 2 u vo v 1 u ra i khi gip ti thiu ha hm logic
VD: Z=AC+AD+AE+BC+BD+BE+CD

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

Cc bc thit k mch t hp
Prose Logic Expression

1. Xc nh bi ton i n kt lun c nhng u nhp, xut no 2. Lp bng chn tr xc nh mi quan h gia nhp v xut 3. Da vo bng chn tr, xc nh hm cho tng ng ra 4. Tm biu thc rt gn ca tng ng ra ph thuc vo cc bin ng vo 5. V s mch theo cc hm n gin.
V c Lung

Synthesis

Minimized Logic Expression

Software/ Hardware System

Implementation

Khoa KTMT

Mch cng (adder)

B na cng (half adder)
A B Sum Carry
A B
XOR

0
0 1 1

0
1 0 1 A

0
1 1 0 S H.A

0
0 0 1

Sum
1

AND2

Carry
2

Bng chn tr v mch cho b na cng

Khoa KTMT V c Lung 8

Mch cng (adder)

B cng y (Full Adder)

A B FA

Cin Cout

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

B cng n bit

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

10

IC cng nh phn 4 bit 74LS283

1 2 3 S1 B1 A1 S0 Vcc B2 A2 S2 16 15 14

4
5 6 7

13
12 11 10 9

A0
B0 C0 GND

A3
B3 S3 C4

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

11

B tr (Subtractor)
B tr bn phn (H.S):
B tr bn phn l h t hp c 2 ng vo x, y; 2 ng ra D (Difference) v B (Borrow). H c nhim v thc hin php tr s hc 2 bit nh phn x - y.
x H.S y B
x y

x 0 0 1 1

y 0 1 0 1

B 0 1 0 0

D 0 1 1 0

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

12

B tr (tt)
B tr ton phn (F.S): php tr s hc 3 bit x - y - z (z biu din cho bit mn t v tr c trng s nh hn gi ti)
x y z F.S B D x 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 y 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 z 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 B 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 D 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

D = z (x y) B = x y + z (x y)
Khoa KTMT V c Lung 13

B tr nh phn n bit
C 2 cch : Ghp n b tr ton phn FS v Thc hin php cng vi b
2 ca s tr.

VD: B tr nh phn 3 bit (cch 2) Kt qu: C3 = 1 kt qu dng, C3 = 0 kt qu l s m

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

14

B cng/tr nh phn
Kt hp php cng v tr trn cng mt b cng nh phn. S dng thm 1 bin iu khin T: T = 0 thc hin php cng, T= 1 thc hin php tr. Ta thy php cng v php tr khc nhau ng vo yi v C0 .
T Php cng: Php tr: 0 1 yi Ni Ni C0 0 1 C0 = T yi = T Ni

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

15

B cng/tr nh phn 3 bit

M2 N2 M1 N1 M0 N0

.
x C y F.A z C2 C x y F.A z C1 C x

.
y F.A z

C0

C3

S2

S1

S0

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

16

Mch nhn
Nhn hai s 4 bit 1101 X 1011 1101 + 1101 0000 1101 10001111

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

17

H Chuyn M (Code Conversion)

H chuyn m l h t hp c nhim v l cho 2 h thng tng thch vi nhau, mc d mi h thng dng m nh phn khc nhau. H chuyn m c ng vo cung cp cc t hp m nh phn A v cc ng ra to ra cc t hp m nh phn B. Nh vy, ng vo v ng ra phi c s lng t m bng nhau. Vd: Thit k h chuyn m t m BCD (A,B,C,D) thnh m BCD qu
3(W,X,Y,Z)

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

18

B Gii M (DECODER)
Chuyn t m nh phn thun ty n bit ng vo thnh m nh phn 1 trong m ng ra (m = 2n).
gi tr i ca t hp nh phn ng vo, th ng ra th i s tch cc v cc ng ra cn li s khng tch cc. C 2 dng: ng ra tch cc cao (mc 1) v ng ra tch cc thp (mc 0).
Y0 Y1 M a pha nh n 1 trong m

X0 M a nh pha n bit n X1 X n-1

Y 2n -1

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

19

B Gii M (tt)
B gii m ng ra tch cc cao: Yi = mi (i = 0, 1, .. , 2n-1)
Y0 X0 (LSB) X1 Y1 Y2 Y3 X1 0 0 1 1 X0 0 1 0 1 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 Y2 = X1 X0 = m2 Y3 = X1 X0 = m3

Y0 = X1 X0 = m0 Y1 = X1 X0 = m1

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

20

B Gii M (tt)
B gii m ng ra tch cc thp: Yi = Mi

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

21

B Gii M (tt)
B gii m c ng vo cho php

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

22

M rng mch gii m

Trong trng hp cn mch gii m vi kch c ln ta c th ghp 2 hay nhiu mch nh hn li c mch cn thit

K hiu Decoder 24

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

23

IC gii m
IC 74LS139: l vi mch c 2 b gii m 2 sang 4 ng ra tch cc thp
1 2 3

1Y0 1A(LSB) 1Y1 1Y2 1B 1Y3 1G 2Y0 2G 2Y1 2A(LSB) 2Y2 2B 2Y3

4 5 6 7 12 11 10 9

15 14 13

G 0 0 0 0 1

B 0 0 1 1 x

A 0 1 0 1 x

Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

24

IC gii m
IC 74LS138: l vi mch gii m 3 sang 8 ng ra tch cc thp
1 2 3

A(LSB) B C

6 4 5

G1 G2A G2B

Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7

15 14 13 12 11 10 9 7

G1 G2A G2B C B A 0 x x x x x x 1 x x x x x x 1 x x x 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1

Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

3 ng vo chn CHIP cho php m rng thnh 532 ?

- Dng 1 IC 74LS139 v 4 IC 74LS138 to Decoder 5 32 - Dng 4 IC 74LS138 v 1 cng o
Khoa KTMT V c Lung 25

S dng b gii m thc hin hm Boole

Ng ra ca b gii m l minterm (ng ra tch cc cao) hoc maxterm (ng ra tch cc thp) ca n bin ng vo. Do , ta c th s dng b gii m thc hin trc tip hm Boole c dng chnh tc.
Vd: Cho hm F1 (x, y, z) = (0, 2, 5) = m0 + m2 + m5 = M0 + M2 + M5 = M0 M2 M5

z y x

A(LSB) B C

1 0 0

G1 G2A G2B

Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 V c Lung

F1(x, y, z)

Khoa KTMT

26

B M Ha (ENCODER)
Encoder l h chuyn m thc hin hot ng ngc li vi decoder. Ngha l encoder c m ng vo theo m nh phn 1 trong m v n ng ra theo m nh phn thun ty (vi m 2n). Vi ng vo th i c tch cc th ng ra chnh l t hp gi tr nh phn i tng ng.
I0 M nh phn 1 trong m I1 Z0 Z1 Zn -1 M nh phn n bit

Im-1

Khoa KTMT

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27

B M Ha (tt)
Vd:
I0 I1 I2 I3 (LSB) Z0 Z1

Encoder 4 sang 2
I0 1 0 0 0 I1 0 1 0 0 I2 0 0 1 0 I3 0 0 0 1 Z1 Z0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1

Z1 = I2 + I3 Z0 = I1 + I3

Khoa KTMT

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28

B m ha c u tin (Priority Encoder)

B m ha c u tin l mch m ha sao cho nu c nhiu hn 1 ng vo cng tch cc th ng ra s l gi tr nh phn ca ng vo c u tin cao nht. Th t u tin I3 I2 I1 I0. Ng ra V c chc nng ch th: V = 1 nu c t nht 1 ng vo tch cc; ngc li V = 0 nu khng c ng vo no tch cc.
I0 I1 I2 I3 (LSB) Z 0 Z1 V

I0 0 1 x x x

I1 0 0 1 x x

I2 0 0 0 1 x

I3 0 0 0 0 1

Z1 Z0 V x x 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1

Khoa KTMT

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29

IC m ha u tin 8 3 (74LS148)
EI 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 I0 x x x x x x x x 0 1 I1 x x x x x x x 0 1 1 I2 x x x x x x 0 1 1 1 I3 x x x x x 0 1 1 1 1 I4 x x x x 0 1 1 1 1 1 I5 x x x 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 I6 x x 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 I7 x 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 A2 A1 A0 GS EO 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0

- Th t u tin: I7 I6 I5 I4 I3 I2 I1 I0. - EI (Enable Input): ng vo cho php, tch cc thp. - EO (Enable Output): ng ra tch cc thp. Ng ra ny ch tch cc khi ng vo EI tch cc nhng khng c ng vo Ii no tch cc. Thng c ni vo EI ca 1 Encoder 74148 khc c u tin thp hn. - GS (Group Select): ng ra tch cc thp. Ng ra ny tch cc khi ng vo EI tch cc v c t nht 1 ng vo Ii tch cc. - A2, A1, A0: cc ng ra t hp nh phn tng ng vi ng vo Ii tch cc khi EI tch cc. Tuy nhin gi tr ny b ly b.
Khoa KTMT V c Lung 30

B Dn Knh (Multiplexer - MUX)

MUX 2n 1 l h t hp c nhiu ng vo nhng ch c 1 ng ra. Ng vo gm 2 nhm: m ng vo d liu (data input) v n ng vo la chn (select input). Vi 1 gi tr i ca t hp nh phn cc ng vo la chn, ng vo d liu th i s c chn a n ng ra. (m = 2n)

Ng vo d liu (Data Input)

D0 D1 Dm-1 S0 Y

Ng vo la chn (Select Input)

Sn-1

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

31

Thit k b MUX 4 1
D0 D1 D2 D3 S0 (LSB) S1

S1 0 0 1 1

S0 0 1 0 1

Y D0 D1 D2 D3

Y = S1 S0 D0 + S1 S0 D1 + S1 S0 D2 + S1 S0 D3 = m0 D0 + m1 D1 + m2 D2 + m3 D3 = mi Di (i = 0, 1, ..,3)

Khoa KTMT

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32

Thit k b MUX 4 1(tt)

S0

. . . . .
Y

S1

D0

D1

D2

D3
Khoa KTMT V c Lung 33

IC dn knh
74LS153: gm 2 b MUX 4 1
14 2 1 6 5 4 3 15 10 11 12 13

A(LSB) B 1G 1C0 1C1 1C2 1C3 2G 2C0 2C1 2C2 2C3

1Y

G 1 0 0 0 0

B x 0 0 1 1

A x 0 1 0 1

Y 0 C0 C1 C2 C3

2Y

74LS151: b MUX 8 1
V c Lung 34

Khoa KTMT

S dng b MUX thc hin hm Boole

Cho hm Boole:
F (x, y, z) = (0, 1, 4, 7) = m0 + m1 + m4 + m7 = m0 .1 + m1 .1 + m2 .0 + m3 .0 + m4 .1 + m5 .0 + m6 .0 + m7 .1 (1)

Ng ra ca b MUX 8 1 c dng:
Y = mi Di = m0 D0 + m1 D1 + m2 D2 + m3 D3 + m4 D4 + m5 D5 + m6 D6 + m7 D7 (2)

ng nht (1) v (2) ta c:

- a cc bin x, y, z vo ng vo la chn C, B, A (ng theo trng s) - Cho cc ng vo D0 = D1 = D4 = D7 = 1 v D2 = D3 = D5 = D6 = 0

Khoa KTMT

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35

S dng b MUX thc hin hm Boole (tt)

74LS151

z y x +Vcc

. .

. . . . .
Khoa KTMT

EN A(LSB) B C D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7

Y Y

F(x, y, z)

V c Lung

36

B Phn Knh (DEMUX)

B DEMUX c chc nng thc hin hot ng ngc li vi b MUX.
Mch c 1 ng vo d liu, n ng vo la chn v 2n ng ra. Vi 1 gi tr i ca t hp nh phn cc ng vo la chn, ng vo d liu s c chn a n ng ra th i. S1 S0 Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Thit k b DEMUX 1 4: 0 0 D 0 0 0 0 1 0 D 0 0 Y0 D 1 0 0 0 D 0 Y1 1 1 0 0 0 D S0(LSB) Y 2 Y0 = S1 S0 D Y2 = S1 S0 D S1 Y3
Y1 = S1 S0 D Y3 = S1 S0 D

Khoa KTMT

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37

B So Snh Ln (Comparator)
B so snh l h t hp c nhim v so snh 2 s A v B (mi s n bit). Mch c 3 ng ra (A>B), (A=B) v (A<B) ch th cho tng i ca chng

(A>B) (A=B) (A<B)

Khoa KTMT

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38

B so Snh ln

Khoa KTMT

V c Lung

39

IC so snh 74LS85
2 3 4 10 9 12 11 13 14 15 1 ALTBI N AEQBI N AGTBI N

AGTBOUT = (A>B) + (A=B).AGTBIN AEQBOUT = (A=B).AEQBIN ALTBOUT = (A<B) + (A=B).ALTBOUT

7 6 5

A0 B0 A1 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3

ALTBOUT AEQBOUT AGTBOUT

Khoa KTMT

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40