DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
NAME : G.SHASHIKALA
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : DECE
Institute : GPW, SURYAPET
Year/semester : 1st year
Subject : Electronic Components & Devices
Subject Code : EC-105
Major Topic : Inductors and Transformers
Duration : 50Minutes
Sub Topic : Specifications ,Applications

of transformer and Losses in

transformers.
Teaching Aids : PPT , ANIMATION VISUALS AND
DIAGRAMS
EC105.59 1
Objectives

On completion of this period, you would be able to

know the

• Specifications of transformers.

• Applications of transformers.

• Losses in transformers.

EC105.59 2
Recap

1. How many windings are present in auto transformer?

Ans: One winding

2. Which transformer is used automobile audio frequency

range?
Ans: Audio frequency transformer.

7. Which transformer is used to give supply to picture tube in

TV receiver?
Ans: EHT transformer.

EC105.59 3
Specifications of Transformers

Signal transformers or communication transformers are

usually rated by their

• Current rating.

• Power rating.

• Input and Output impedances.

• Frequency range.

EC105.59 4
Power transformers are rated by their

• Primary and Secondary voltages.

• Power capacity i.e. volt ampere (VA) capacity.

EC105.59 5
Applications of transformers

Power transformer:

Power transformers are used in power supplies of various

electrical and electronic circuits such as

• Radio.

• T.V.

• Refrigerator.

EC105.59 6
A.F Transformers:

A.F Transformers are used in audio stages of

• Amplifiers.

• Radios.

• TVs.

EC105.59 7
R.F Transformers:

R.F Transformers are used in

• Tuning circuits of Radio.

• T.V.

EC105.59 8
I.F Transformers:

I.F Transformers are used in

• communication receivers (Radio, TV, etc.)

EC105.59 9
Pulse Transformers:

Pulse transformers are used to

• Trigger thyristors like SCRs.

• Change the amplitude of the pulse.

• Invoke the polarity of the pulse

EC105.59 10
E.H.T Transformers:

E.H.T Transformers are used in

• TV receivers

EC105.59 11
Losses in Transformers

As we know that the transformer doesn’t have any

rotating part, there is no friction and windage loss.

But transformer suffers from two types of losses

• Copper loss

• Core loss

EC105.59 12
Copper loss:

• The I2 R loss in the copper windings caused by the

current flowing in them.

• It is reduced by selecting thicker gauge wire for the

windings.

EC105.59 13
Core loss:

These losses are of three types

• Flux loss

• Eddy current loss

• Hystersis loss

EC105.59 14
Flux loss:

• This loss is caused when all the flux lines associates with

primary winding of a transformer does not pass through

the secondary windings.

EC105.59 15
Eddy current loss:

• This loss is caused by the flow of small local currents

due to the induced e.m.f in the core.

• This loss is reduced by using steel of high silicon content

for the laminated core.

EC105.59 16
Hysteresis loss:

• A small amount of energy is lost each time alternating

primary current is reversed.

• This is reduced by using suitable core material like soft

iron and silicon steel.

EC105.59 17
Summary

We have discussed about the

• Specifications of transformers.

• Applications of transformers.

• Losses in transformers.

EC105.59 18
Quiz

1) ________transformers are used in power supplies

of various electrical and electronic circuits.

(a) Power
(b) current
(c) voltage
(d) any of the above

EC105.59 19
 Laminating
2.Eddy current can be minimized ----------------------by the
core

EC105.59 20
3) Mention the factors on which hysteresis loss depends?

c) Quality and amount of iron in the core

e) Flux density

g) Frequency

i) All of above

EC105.59 21
4) How does change in frequency effect the operation
of a given transformer

Ans:
• Iron loss increases with a decrease in frequency
• Copper loss in distribution transformer is independent of
frequency.

EC105.59 22
Frequently asked questions

2) List the specifications and Applications of transformers?

[April 03]

6) List the Applications of power transformers

[April 03]

EC105.59 23
 Frequently asked questions
1) List the applications of transformers?
[Oct. 06]

5) What are the different losses in transformers?

[March. 05]

8) Mention the losses in transformer and explain them

briefly?
[Sept. 01 / March 06]

EC105.59 24