DEPARTMENT OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ANDHRA PRADESH
Name : P.Anuradha
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Electronics & Communication Engg
Institute : G.P.W.Bheemunipatnam, Visakhapatnam Dist
Year/Semester : III Semester
Subject : Electronics Circuits – 1
Subject Code : EC-302
Topic : Transistor Amplifiers
Duration : 50 Mnts
Sub Topic : Stability factor
Teaching Aids : DiagramsEC302.23 1
RECAP

In the previous session we have discussed the

• Need of bias stability.

• Factors affecting the variation of operating point.

EC302.23 2
OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period you would be able to

understand

• Different stability factors of a transistor.

• Expression for stability factor.

EC302.23 3
 On what factors operating point is dependent?

• ICO Reverse current

• VBE Base Emitter voltage

∀ β Current amplification factor

EC302.23 4
 Stability factor

The degree of stability of IC against variations in ICO ,VBE &

β is expressed in terms of stability factors.

EC302.23 5
The different stability factors

• s

• sv (s|)

• sβ (s||)

EC302.23 6
Stability factor S

• Stability factor “S” is defined as the rate of change of

collector current IC with respect to change in ICO

keeping β and VBE constant.

• S = dIC / dICO (At constant β and VBE)

EC302.23 7
The General expression for S

The expression for collector current Ic is

IC= β *IB + (1+ β) ICO

Differentiating w.r.t. IC

1 = β * dIB/dIC + (1+ β) * dICO / dIC

1 = β * dIB/dIC + (1+ β) / S

S = (1+ β) / (1 – (β * dIB/dIC))
EC302.23 8
• The ideal value of S is unity.

• The smaller the value of S the higher is the stability.

EC302.23 9
In CB amplifier the output current IC is given by
IC = α *IE + ICO
Differentiating w.r.t ICO
dIC / dICO = 1.
C.B amplifier achieves the lowest value of ‘S’.
So C.B amplifier does not require stabilization.

EC302.23 10
Stability factor SV

• It is defined as the rate of change of collector current IC

with respect to change in VBE keeping ICO and β constant.

• SV = dIC / dVBE (at constant ICO and β )

EC302.23 11
Stability factor Sβ

• Stability factor Sβ is defined as the rate of change of

collector current ICwith β keeping ICO and VBE constant.

• Sβ = dIC/ dβ (at constant ICO & VBE)

EC302.23 12
General Expression for Sβ

• The expression for collector current IC is

• IC = β * IB + (1+ β)ICO

• Differentiating w.r.t. IC

• 1 = β*dIB / dIC + IB * dβ /dIC + ICO dβ /dIC

• 1 - β * dIB / dIC = dβ /dIC (IB + ICO)

• (1/Sβ) (IB + ICO) = 1 – (β *dIB /dIC)

• Sβ = (IB + ICO) / 1 – (β * dIB /dIC)

EC302.23 13
SUMMARY

We have discussed about

• Different stability factors.

• Expressions for stability factors.

EC302.23 14
QUIZ

EC302.23 15
The ideal value of ‘S’ is

A) 0
B) 1
C) ∝
D) 10

EC302.23 16
In C.B amplifier the value of ‘S’ is

A) 10
B) 0
C) 1
D) 20

EC302.23 17
Frequently asked questions in the examination

• Define different stability factors.

• Derive the expression for S.

EC302.23 18