Department of technical education

Andhra Pradesh

Name : N.Ramanjaneyulu.
Designation : L/ECE.
Branch : ECE.
Institute : G.P.W,Hindupur.
Semester : Third.
Subject : Analog communication.
Subject code : EC-305.
Topic : Transmitters & Receivers.
Duration : 50 min.
Sub- Topic : Transmitters.
Teaching aids : PPTs, Diagram

EC305.37 1
OBJECTIVES

Up on completion of this topic you will be able to

understand -

• Function of Transmitter

• Specifications of Transmitters

• Requirements of Transmitters

EC305.37 2
WHAT IS A TRANSMITTER ?

• A transmitter is a System which radiates the electro

magnetic signal with the help of an antenna.

• It has several sub systems in it which is true for all

communication system from the elementary telegraph
and telephone systems to the latest satellite and optical
fiber communication systems.

EC305.37 3
 Blocks of Transmitter(AF)

• MICROPHONE
• AUDIO AMPLIFIER
• OSCILLATOR
• RF AMPLIFIER
• MODULATOR
• MODULATED RF AMPLIFIER
• ANTENNA

EC305.37 4
 From
microphone
ADUIO MODULATED
MODULATOR RF
amplifier amplifier

RF
amplifier

Oscillator

Fig.1 transmitter block diagram

EC305.37 5
MICROPHONE

• A microphone is a device which converts sound waves

into electrical waves.

• The output of the microphone is fed to a multistage audio

amplifier for raising the strength of weak signal.

EC305.37 6
AUDIO AMPLIFIER

• The audio signal from the microphone is quite weak

and requires amplification.
• The audio amplifier is a multistage amplifier consisting
of preamplifier, voltage amplifier, driver amplifier and a
power amplifier

From Pre Voltage Power Driver To

microphone amplifier amplifier amplifier amplifier modulator

EC305.37 7
OSCILLATOR

• The function of oscillator is to produce a high

frequency signal called carrier.

• Normally, a crystal oscillator is employed for obtaining

high degree of frequency stability.

• It is also known as master oscillator which is the

source for carrier frequency.

EC305.37 8
RF AMPLIFIER

• The power level of the carrier is raised to a sufficient

level by radio frequency amplifier stage.

• Normally, a power amplifier is empowered to raise the

power of carrier.

EC305.37 9
MODULATOR

• The amplifier audio signal and carrier are fed to the

modulator. The resultant wave are called modulated
wave.

Amplifier modulator Modulated

AF signal Out put

Carrier
Fig 3 Modulator Amplified RF signal

The modulator circuit depends upon the type of modulator

EC305.37 10
 MODULATED RF AMPLIFIER

• The modulated wave are amplified to the required level

in the modulated RF amplifier for transmission into
space.
• Depending upon the power level at the transmitting
antenna, transmitters are classified as
• Low power transmitter (LPT)(<1k watts)
• Medium power transmitter (MPT) (<20K watts)
• High power transmitter (HPT)(>20KHZ watts)

EC305.37 11
ANTENNA

• The modulated signals from the modulated RF

amplifier are fed to the transmitting antenna where
from these are radiated into space.

• An antenna convert the modulated electrical signals

into electro-magnetic waves and radiates into space.

EC305.37 12
 SPECIFICATIONS OF TRANSMITTERS

• Type of transmitter
• Carrier frequency and wave length used for
transmitter
• Wave band in which transmission is done
• Radiated power output
• Nature of propagation
• Allowable frequency deviation for carrier
• BF of the modulated signal
• Level of modulation
• Type of cooling system employed
• The power supply requirements

EC305.37 13
 REQUIREMENTS OF TRANSMITTERS
• frequency that must be distinguish from all other local
transmitters.

• It must amplify the power of the modulated signal to

the sufficient level. So,that the signal may travel
desired distance between the transmitter and
receiver.

• It must provide some form of modulation. That

causes the information signal to modify the carrier
signal.

• Distortion have to be kept within reasonable limits It

must produce a carrier signal of particular frequency.
EC305.37 14
 SUMMARY

In this topic we have learnt about

• Basic components and functions of transmitter

• Specifications of transmitter

• Requirements of transmitter

EC305.37 15
 QUIZ
1) The function a transmitter is _________

Answer: To Transmit the signal

EC305.37 16
2) The function of Transmitting Antenna___________

Ans: Radiate the signal

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3.The microphone act as a __________

Ans: transducer

EC305.37 18
 FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

• What is a transmitter?

• What are the requirements of a transmitter?

• What are the specifications of a transmitter?

• What are the basic blocks of a transmitter?

EC305.37 19