Link Budget

Calculation
Introduction
A satellite communication link is defined as an
Earth station - satellite - Earth station
connection.

The Earth station - satellite segment is called
the uplink.

The satellite - Earth station segment is called
the downlink.

Introduction
The Earth station design consists of the
Transmission Link Design (Link Budget) and
the Transmission System Design.

Link Budget establishes the resources needed
for a given service to achieve the performance
objectives.

Link Budget Calculation between
the VINASAT satellite and
the Earth Station at Tam Ky, Quang
Nam
Link Parameters
* Operation Bandwidth
Link design at Ku-Band, using frequency of
14GHz for the uplink and 11GHz for the
downlink.

Link Parameters
* Earth Station
- Located at 15,2
0
N latitude and 108,3
0
E
longitude.
- The diameter of the antenna (D) is 13m, the
aperture efficiency () is 65%
- Transmission power of Earth Station is 300W.
- Earth station antenna height of 7m above sea
level.
Link Parameters
* Satellite
- Located at 132
0
E longtitude.
- EIRPs = 50dBW.
- Transponder Bandwidth is 36MHz.
- Receiver noise figure F = 4dB.
- Receiver figure of merit
(G/T)
s
= 1dB/
0
K

Link Parameters
* Other suppositions
- Feeder loss L
F
= 1dB
- Polarization mismatch loss L
POL
= 0.5dB
- Antenna misalignment loss 0.9dB
- Rain loss figure

= 3.96dB/km, rain height h
R
=
3.208Km
- Tropospheric loss figure 0.02dB/Km
- Ambient temperature T
X
= 300
0
K

Link Budget
- Slant range distance is


where
+ Earth station latitude at Tam Ky = 15.2
0
N
+ L
s
= 132
0
E , L
e
= 108.3
0
N
Difference in longitude between the earth
station and the satellite is
L
e
= 132
0
108.3
0
= 23,7
0


0
= 27.92
0


e 0
L cos . cos cos A | = |
) cos rR 2 R r ( d
0 e
2
e
2
| + =
|
884 . 0 7 . 23 cos 2 . 15 cos cos
0 0
0
= = |
Link Budget
Distance between VINASAT satellite and Earth
station at Tam Ky is
d=36629.4 km
- Elevation angle of satellite from the Earth station
e



where R
e
= 6378 [km]
r = 35768 + 6378 = 42146 [km]
tg
e
= 1.565
e
= 57.42
0



0
e
0
e
sin
r
R
cos
tg
|
|
= u
Link Budget
- Azimuth of the satellite
a




A = -59.15
0

a
= 180
0
(59.15
0
) = 239.15
0
- Earth station transmit antenna gain


where = 0.65 ; D = 20m ; f
U
= 14GHz ; c=3.10
8
m/s
G
Te
=

67.473 [dB]


674 . 1
) 2 . 15 sin (
7 . 23 tg
) sin (
L tg
tgA
0
0
e
=

=
|
A
=
2
U
Te
c
Df
log 10 G
|
.
|

\
|
t
q =
Uplink Budget

- Earth station transmit power (300W) in dB is
P
Te
= 24.77 [dBW]
- Equivalent Isotropic Radiated Power of the
transmitting Earth station is
EIRP
e
= G
Te
+ P
Te
= 92.244 [dBW]
- Uplink total loss is
L
U
= L
SPU
+ L
FU
+ L
OU
Uplink Budget
+ Free-space loss is


+ Rain loss is (L
R
)
U
=
U
.L
S
[dB]
where L
S
is the effective path length of the signal
through the rain


At 15,2
0
N latitude, rain height (adapted from CCIR
Recommendation 564) is
h
R
= 3+ 0.028 =3,028 [km]
h
S
= 7m = 0,007km ; sin
e
= sin57.42
0
[dB] 206,641 ) c lg( 20 ) d f 4 lg( 20 L
U SPU
= t =
e
S R
S
sin
h h
L
u

=
Uplink Budget

L
s
= 3.585km

U
= 3.96dB/km
Uplink rain loss is (L
R
)
U
= 14.197dB
+ Antenna misalignment losses are
L
Te
= 0.9dB ; L
Rs
= 0.9dB

+ Polarization mismatch loss is
L
POL
= 0.5dB

+ Loss due to tropospheric
effects is
L
tr
=0.02 x 15 = 0.3[dB/Km]

(assuming troposphere height at Tam Ky is 15km)
Uplink Budget
Hence, uplink total loss is

L
U
= L
SPU
+ L
FU
+ L
OU

= L
SPU
+ L
FU
+ (L
RU
+ L
Te
+ L
Rs
+ L
POL
+ L
tr
)
= 206.641 + 1 + (14.197 + 0.9 + 0.9 + 0.5 + 0.3)
= 224.438 [dB]
- Satellite receiver noise temperature


vi F = 4dB ; T
0
= 290
0
K
T
RS
= 438
0
K


0
10
F
RS
T ) 1 10 ( T =
Uplink Budget
- Uplink noise temperature is T
U
= T
RS
+ T
AS

where T
RS
= 438
0
K ; T
AS
= 290
0
K
T
U
= 438
0
+ 290
0
= 728
0
K
- Satellite receive antenna gain is
G
RS
= (G/T)
S
+ 10lgT
U
[dB]
where (G/T)
S
= 1 dB/
0
K
G
RS
= 1 + 10lg728 = 29.62 [dB]


Uplink Budget
- Satellite received carrier power is
C
RS
= EIRP
e
L
U
+ G
RS
= - 102.574 [dBW]
- Uplink noise power is N
U
= 10lgkT
U
B
where k is Boltzmanns constant (1,38.10
-23
[J/K])
T
U
equivalent noise temperature (728
0
K)
B is the noise bandwidth of the carrier 36MHz
N
U
= - 124.4 [dBW]
- Uplink carrier-to-noise ratio
(C/N)
U
= - 102.574 + 124.4 = 21.826 [dBW]

Downlink budget
- Downlink total loss L
D

+ Free-space loss is
(L
td
)
D
= 20lg(4f
D
d) 20lgc
= 20lg(4x11.10
9
x36629.4x10
3
)-20lg3.10
8

= 204.55 dB
+ Downlink rain loss is (L
R
)
D
= 14.197dB
+ Polarization mismatch loss is L
POL
= 0.5 dB
+ Antenna misalignment losses are
L
Ts
= 0.9 dB ; L
Re
= 0.9 dB

Downlink budget
Downlink total loss is

L
D
= (L
td
)
D
+ (L
R
)
D
+ L
POL
+ L
Ts
+ L
Re

= 204.55 + 14.197 + 0.5 + 0.9 + 0.9
= 221.05 dB
- Earth station receive antenna gain is



where = 0.65; D = 20m; f
D
= 11GHz; c=3.10
8
m/s
G
Re
=

65.38 dB
2
D
Re
c
Df
log 10 G
|
.
|

\
|
t
q =
Downlink budget
* Downlink noise calculation
- Space noise temperature is T
S
= 52.76
0
K
- Rain noise temperature T
M

Wave attenuation caused by rain is



dB 3 . 26 10 10 L
42 . 1 10 / ) L (
M
D R
= = =
K 275 )
3 . 26
1
1 ( 286 )
L
1
1 ( T T
M
m M
= = =
Downlink budget
- Noise temperature introduced by the loss of the
feeder line is


- Receiver noise temperature T
R
~

T
1
,where T
1
is
noise temperature of the first module of earth station
receiver
Lets give T
R
= 150
o
K
- System noise temperature



= 472
0
K
K 678 . 77 ) 1 10 ( 300 ) 1 L ( T T
1 . 0
F 0 F
= = =
150
259 . 1
678 . 77
259 . 1
275 76 . 52
T
L
T
L
T T
T
R
F
F
F
A S
sys
+ +
+
= + +
+
=
Downlink budget
- System noise power



- Downlink carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N)
D






B log 10 T log 10 k log 10 N
sys sys
+ + =
6
10 36 log 10 472 log 10 6 , 228 + + =
dBW 3 . 126 =
38 . 65 221.05 50 G L EIRP C
Re D s Re
+ = + =
dBW 67 , 105 =
dBW 63 . 20 3 . 126 67 . 105 N C ) N / C (
sys RE D
= + = =