Biological

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Overview of

Biological Science
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is anatural scienceconcerned with the study oflifeand livingorganisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
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Aristotle (384 BC 322

BC)
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Father of Biological Science contributed most extensively to the development of biology he showed naturalist leanings, and later more empirical works that focusedCopyrighton biological

Branches of Biology
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Aerobiology the study of airborne organic particles Agriculture the study of producing crops from the land, with an emphasis on practical
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Branches of Biology
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Astrobiology the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe Biochemistry the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function
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Branches of Biology
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Bioengineering the study of biology through the means of engineering Biogeography the study of the distribution of species spatially
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Branches of Biology
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Biophysics the study of biological processes through physics Biotechnology studies the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification andsynthetic biology
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Branches of Biology
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Botany the study of plants Cytology the study of the cell and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
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Branches of Biology
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Ecology the study of the interactions of in the environment Embryology the study of the development of embryo
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Branches of Biology
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Entomology the study of insects Epidemiology studying factors affecting the health of populations
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Branches of Biology
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Ethology the study of animal behavior Evolutionary Biology the study of the origin and descent of species over time Genetics the study
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Branches of Biology
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Herpetology the study reptiles and amphibians Histology the study cells and tissues, microscopic branch anatomy Ichthyology the study fish Copyright

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Limnology the study of inland waters Mammalogy the study of mammals Marine Biology the study of Copyright

Branches of Biology
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Microbiology the study of microscopic organisms and their interactions with other living things Molecular Biology the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level
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Branches of Biology
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Mycology study of fungi Neurobiology study of the nervous system Oceanography study of the ocean Oncology the study ofcancerprocesses
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Branches of Biology
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Ornithology the study of birds Paleontology the study of fossils Pathology the study of diseases, and its causes, processes and nature
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Branches of Biology
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Parasitology the study of parasites Pharmacology the study, preparation, use, and effects of drugs and
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Physiology the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms Virology the study of viruses Zoology the study of Copyright

Importance of Biology
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Helps one understands and appreciates every other form of life (e.g. pets) Provides information about the food one needs Describes the condition of good health Copyright

Importance of Biology
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Describes diseases that can harm a person Used to diagnose and treat medical problems Identifies environmental factors that might threaten people
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Importance of Biology
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Helps one understands what affects the quality of life

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Relevance of Biology in..

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Chemistry
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Chemical reactions of proteins, carbohydrates,lipids,nucleic acids, and otherbiomolecules, and of their functions andtransformations during life processes

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Relevance of Biology in..

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Medicine
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Pathology, or the study of thenatureofdisease, helps the field of medicine to come up with right cure for certain diseases DNA test helps in the investigation of a certain legal cases in court. Copyright

Law
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Relevance of Biology in..

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Economy
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Biology through its branch, Biogeographyor the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally, could actually help in addressing economic problems

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Relevance of Biology in..

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Environment
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Biology helps in formulating concrete and comprehensive environmental policies and programs through the help of the field of ecology and marine biology
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Application of Biology n
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Development of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) Cloning Bloodtyping Production of organic fertilizer Establishment of marine sanctuary Copyright

Application of n Development of medicine Biology

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Pest control management\ Great advances Bioengineering Population has grown Emerging technologies
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Scientific Method
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establishes the principles that guide scientific research and experimentation practiced within a context ofscientific thinking, which is based on three things
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Scientific Method
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using empirical evidence (empiricism) practicing logical reasonsing (rationalism) and possessing a skeptical attitude (skepticism)
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Scientific Method
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Observation
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Observe and describe some phenomenon or group of phenomena.

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Scientific Method
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Hypothesis
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Formulation of a tentative description, called ahypothesis, that is consistent with what you have observed. The hypothesis often takes the form of a conceptual model, causal mechanism or a mathematical relation.
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Scientific Method
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Prediction
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Use of the hypothesis to predict the existence of other phenomena, or to predict quantitatively the results of new observations.

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Scientific Method
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Experiment
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Performance of experimental tests of the predictions by several independent experimenters and properly performed experiments.

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Scientific Method
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Analysis
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Comparison of the experimental results with theoretical predictions, and attempt to reconcile differences, e.g. by modifying the hypothesis or repeating the experiment under different conditions.
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