i hc Bch khoa H Ni Vin in

Chuyn Vt liu in ti: Nghin cu vt liu nano

Gio vin hng dn: TS inh Quc Tr Sinh vin thc hin:
Trn Thanh Tun Nguyn Vit c Trn Vn Vnh

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Gii thiu

I. Gii thiu vt liu nano

II. Mt s cch ch to vt liu nano

III. Mt s ng dng ca vt liu nano

IV. Tng lai ca vt liu nano

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I. Gii thiu vt liu nano

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I. Gii thiu vt liu nano

Vt liu nano l loi vt liu c kch thc c nanmt. y l i tng nghin cu ca khoa hc nano v cng ngh nano. Nm 1959 gio s Richard Feynman (Vin k thut Massatchusets-MIT) ra mt thuyt to bo: "Thay v phn chia vt cht, ti sao chng ta khng i t ci v cng nh?".
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I. Gii thiu vt liu nano

Mi nm sau, sinh vin Eric Drexler ngh ra thut ng Nanotechnologie. Nm 1985, 2 nh nghin cu Gerd Bining (c) v Heinric Rohrer (Thu S) to ra knh hin vi, c kh nng nhn nhng vt ch nh bng 1/25 kch thc phn t. Mt nm sau, h ot gii Nobel.

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I. Gii thiu vt liu nano

Biu tng ca IBM c Don Eigler to ra bng cng ngh nano vo nm 1990

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II. Mt s cch ch to vt liu nano

Cc vt liu nano c th thu c bng bn phng php ph bin:

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Phng php ha t (wet chemical) Phng php c hc (mechanical) Phng php bc bay Phng php hnh thnh t pha kh (gas-phase)

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II. Mt s cch ch to vt liu nano

Phng php ha t (wet chemical)

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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php ho t (wet chemical)
Bao gm cc phng php ch to vt liu dng trong ha keo (colloidal chemistry), phng php thy nhit, sol-gel, v kt ta. u im ca phng php ha t l cc vt liu c th ch to c rt a dng, r tin. Nhc im l cc hp cht c lin kt vi phn t nc c th l mt kh khn, hiu sut thp

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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php c hc (mechanical) Bao gm cc phng php tn, nghin, hp kim c hc. Vt liu dng bt c nghin n kch thc nh hn Ngy nay, cc my nghin thng dng l my nghin kiu hnh tinh hay my nghin quay
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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php c hc c u im l n gin, dng c ch to khng t tin v c th ch to vi mt lng ln vt liu. Nhc im l cc ht b kt t vi nhau, phn b kch thc ht khng ng nht, d b nhim bn t cc dng c ch to v thng kh c th t c ht c kch thc nh

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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php bc bay

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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php bc bay Gm cc phng php quang khc (lithography), bc bay trong chn khng (vacuum deposition) vt l, ha hc. Cc phng php ny p dng hiu qu ch to mng mng hoc lp bao ph b mt tuy vy ngi ta cng c th dng n ch to ht nano bng cch co vt liu t . Tuy nhin phng php ny khng hiu qu lm c th ch to quy m thng mi.
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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php hnh thnh t pha kh (gas-phase)

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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Phng php hnh thnh t pha kh (gas-phase) Gm cc phng php nhit phn (flame pyrolysis), n in (electro-explosion), t laser (laser ablation), bc bay nhit cao, plasma. Nguyn tc ca cc phng php ny l hnh thnh vt liu nano t pha kh. Phng php hnh thnh t pha kh dng ch yu to lng carbon (fullerene) hoc ng carbon.
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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Ch to nano carbon t b c ph, b ma Vit Nam

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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Ti TP.HCM, TS. Nguyn Chnh Kh dng b c ph, b ma b i lm nguyn liu ch to ng nano carbon. Ch to thnh cng ng nano vi gi r hn 50% so vi th gii Phng php ca ng l s dng nguyn liu rn ch to, tuy tc phn ng chm hn nhng cho ra sn phm ng u v t thnh phn pha tp hn.
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II. Mt s cch ch to Vt liu nano

Theo TS. Kh, nhm nghin cu ca ng c th ghp cc ng than nano c ng knh ln li vi nhau t trong quy trnh tng hp lm thnh nhng mng lc nano dng lc mu hoc lc nc sinh hc .

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III. Mt s ng dng
Cc cu trc nano c tim nng ng dng lm thnh phn ch cht trong nhng dng c thng tin k thut c nhng chc nng m truc kia cha c. Nh vo kch thuc nh, nhng cu trc nano c th ng gi cht li v do lm tng t trng gi (packing density).

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III. Mt s ng dng
ng nano carbon c th sinh dng in ln Cc nh khoa hc thuc Hc vin Cng ngh Massachusetts (MIT) va pht hin phng thc pht in mi: li dng ng nano carbon to ra dng in, c th p dng cho nhng thit b siu nh.
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III. Mt s ng dng

Nhit lng sinh ra trong qu trnh trn truyn i vi tc rt nhanh, hnh thnh dng sng nhit a in t chuyn ng, to ra dng in ln. Vt liu t chc cp nano c th pht in khi c kch thch bi nhit h m ngun nng lng mi. in nng to ra t ng nano carbon bng 100 ln so vi in nng ca pin Lithium-ion cng trng lng.
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III. Mt s ng dng
Hin ti, Vin Nghin cu Khoa hc Vt liu (H Ni) ch to thnh v cho bn vt liu nano (nano carbon tube - NCT), gi bn ch bng 50% so gi ca nc ngoi. Cn Khu cng ngh cao TP.HCM cng d kin sn xut 2,4 tn NCT trong nm nay.

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III. Mt s ng dng
Tnh nng dit khun

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III. Mt s ng dng

ng dng trong i sng khu trang nano bc dit khun B mt ph lp mng mng Nano TiO2 c kh nng dit khun v chng ru mc c ng dng trong cc hp cht ph trn b mt vt liu nh sn t lm sch,thit b lm sch khng kh v kh mi.

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III. Mt s ng dng
B mt a nc ng dng trong sn xut cc loi knh,gng chng m (VD :knh t,ca knh.)

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III. Mt s ng dng
Vt liu xp nano
Loi vt liu c din tch ca mt sn bng vi th tch ch bng tri bng bn!!!

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III. Mt s ng dng
Tnh cht c bit ny ca vt liu nano lm cho chng ph hp mt cch tuyt i vi nhng yu cu ca th gii cm bin. S dng vt liu nano gn chng ln nhng cm bin hin nay s lm tng nhy, chn lc v tc p ng ca thit b. Thm vo , din tch b mt khng l/th tch nh lm thun li cho vic gim kch thc ca cm bin.
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III. Mt s ng dng
Ht nano cha bnh C th sng c cu to t cc t bo kch thc in hnh l 10 micromet. Kch thc nh gip cc ht nano c li th di chuyn trong c th, dc theo mch mu n b phn b bnh v bm thuc.
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IV. Tng lai ca vt liu nano

Ngnh cng ngh nano hin nay ang c nhiu chnh ph ca cc nc quan tm i vi Vit Nam, trong n lc i tt n u, vo thng 8/2006 ti Cn Th t chc Hi tho khoa hc ton quc v ng dng cng ngh NANO, vi s ng n ca nhiu nh khoa hc th gii.

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IV. Tng lai ca vt liu nano

Nht Bn to ra c cc phn t Carbon mnh hn si tc ti 100.000 ln, c ng dng trong k thut hng khng v d tm y bin. Cc hng di ng ln Nokia, Motorola, Sony ang nghin cu loi pin s dng ng nano siu bn, chu nc, chu nhit cao. K thut NANO l c mt quy trnh phc tp, i hi nhiu bi ton v li gii lin hon. Chng hn, khi CNRS (Trung tm nghin cu khoa hc quc gia Php) tuyn b to ra mt loi ng NANO chc v dai hn thp 150 ln, th vn sau l lm sao xon hay tht nt n! V phi hn 2 nm sau CNRS mi gii c bi ton ny, v nu khng lm c th tnh ng dng ca ng ny l s khng.
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KT THC
Nhu cu pht trin ca cng ngh ni chung v ca cng ngh NANO ni ring lun t cho cc nh khoa hc nhiu vn mi, mang tnh tng hp, lin ngnh. Mt sn phm cng ngh ch c coi l thnh cng hay c nhiu ha hn nu n pht trin c trn nn tng pht trin ca chnh n: c s dng rng ri, em li hiu qu kinh t c th "ly ngn nui di", thc y tr li s pht trin sn xut, a trnh cng ngh ca chnh n ln mt tm cao mi.

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KT THC

Cm n cc bn theo di

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