Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Organization Behavior
OB is concerned with the study of behavior of people within an organizational setting. It involves the understanding, prediction and control of human behavior and the factors, which influence the performance of people as members of an organization. Fred Luthans
Classical Approach
Scientific Management. Administrative Principles.
Bureaucratic Organization.
Scientific Management.
Became increasingly popular in the early 1900s. Given by Frederick Winslow Taylor(father of Scientific Management), who took up Henry Townes challenge and developed principles of Scientific Management in 1911. He observed Soldiering problem i.e. workers deliberately worked at the slower pace than their capabilities.
Initiative
Esprit de corps
Abstract rules and regulations. Impersonality of managers. Hierarchy of the organization structure.
Behavioral Approach
Hawthorne experiments. Abraham Maslow need hierarchy theory.
Hawthorne Studies
1. ILLUMINATION EXPERIMENTS
2 group of employees: Control Group no change in illumination. Experimental Group-illumination change. Productivity of workers was influenced by some other variable rather than illumination.
FEEDBACK MECHANISM
During the experiments(5 yrs.), changes were made and tested for a (4-12 weeks). Girls produced 2400 relays ,48 hours week,6 days without any break. For 8 weeks, payment-piece-work basis, productivity increased.
2- 5 min. breaks ,inc. prodn. Duration of breaks -10 min., inc. prodn. No.of breaks 6,slight dec.in prodn. Again 2 breaks were given, 1st break hot meal,free was given, inc. prodn. Allowed to go home early by 30 mins. 4.30p.m.,inc. in prodn.
Allowed to go home early by 4 p.m.,no inc. in prodn. Original conditions of 6 day,48 hours was used, all facilities were removed, worked in these conditions for 12 weeks and got output of 3000 relays.
Productivity increased as girls formed close knit group. High job satisfaction as they were not pressurized to work. This experiment disagreed prevalent theory of Taylor, which stated that employees were motivated by economic rewards only.
Interview Phase
All employees of Hawthorne plant were interviewed.(1928 -1930)
Researchers observed output stayed at constant level as against economic man model Group acceptance was more important for employees than money.
Theory X
Theory Y
Work is a natural part of
People do not like work, so managers have to control, direct, coerce, and threaten employees to get them to meet organizational goals.
People prefer to be directed, to avoid responsibility, and to want security; they have little ambition.
accept responsibility.
People have the capacity
to be innovative.