KINETIC AND POTENTIAL ENERGY

BY : NOR ATIKAH ABDUL RAZAK NORKAMALIAH OSMAN @ MOHD NORDIN

INTRODUCTION

Kinetic energy and potential energy are the one area in Science where Calculus is applied. The concept that we use is differential calculus and integral calculus.

OBJECTIVES
You will be able to define and identify Kinetic and Potential energy. You will be able to give examples of the two forms of energy. You will be able to explain what is the potential and kinetic energy.

DEFINITION OF KINETIC ENERGY

The energy of motion.

Measured by: 2 KE= (Mass) (Velocity)

Kinetic energy is calculated by one half of the objects mass, multiplied by the objects speed- squared.

EXAMPLES OF KINETIC ENERGY

Shooting a rubber band.

Water falling over the fall.

Releasing the arrow from the bow.

DERIVATION:

The work done by accelerating an object at the time interval dt is given by the vector product of force and displacement.
dx dt

V=

Applying the product rule we see that:

Therefore (assuming constant mass), the following can be seen:

Since this is a total differential (that is, it only depends on the final state, not how the particle got there), we can integrate it and call the result kinetic energy:

POTENTIAL ENERGY
Energy

due to position or stored energy.

Measure by: PE= (weight) (gravity) (Height)

Potential energy is calculated by: The objects weight, multiplied by the earths gravitational pull (9.8 m/sec sq), multiplied by the distance the object can fall.

EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL ENERGY:

Stretching a rubber band..
-Stores energy bcoz it has the ability of doing work

Water at the top of a waterfall..

-Stores energy bcoz has the ability of falling

YoYo in held in your hand..

-Stores energy bcoz of alter it position

Drawing a Bow

-Stores energy bcoz of its position has changed n has capability of shooting the arrow.

ELASTIC POTENTIAL ENERGY

The elastic potential energy stored in a stretched spring can be calculated by finding the work necessary to stretch the spring a distance x from its un-stretched length:

an ideal spring will follow Hooke's Law:

The work done (and therefore the stored potential energy) will then be:

POTENTIAL ENERGY CONVERTED TO KINETIC ENERGY

When stored energy begins to move, the object now transfers from potential energy into kinetic energy.

Standing still

Running

Example 1
A ball of mass 20 g placed at height of 5 m. Find the value of the potential energy stored in the body. (g = 10 m/s2).

Solution
Here, m = 20 g = 0.02 kg, h = 5 m , g = 10 m/s2, P.E. = ? As we know that the potential energy (P.E.) = mgh = 0.02 10 5 = 1 Joule

Example 2 A heavy metal ball of mass 8 kg has the kinetic energy 16 Joule. Find the velocity of the heavy ball. Solution Here, K.E. = 16 Joule, m = 8 kg, v = ? The formula for the kinetic energy = m v2 v2 = 2 K.E. / m = 2 16 / 8 =4 v = 2 m/s

SUMMARY OF WHAT YOUVE LEARNED..

Example using a coin: Holding a coin in you hand, alters the coins original position. The coin has potential energy, because it has ability to do work. Dropping the coin in the bank, changes the stored energy into motion. This transfers the coins energy from potential to kinetic energy.

THE END...