Chapter 1

Learning Outcomes

Understand the basic hardware and software components of a computer. Understand Operating System
Desktop screen layout orientation Desktop properties, settings and screensaver Managing files, folders and applications (taking

backups) Using anti-virus software Installing peripherals Proper system shutdown

A Computer is made up of both Hardware and Software. What is hardware?

- The electric, electronic, and mechanical equipment that makes up a computer is called hardware. - The hardware consists of the equipment associated with a computer system such as the processor, input and output devices, and storage devices, as well as peripheral devices. Example? - Each component is designed to perform one or more of the ff. functions: Data preparation, input, processing, storage, and output

Data Processing Cycle

1. Data is defined as any collection of facts. Examples: Test Scores Names and Addresses Drawings Maps Note: Data may be numerical or they may be nonnumerical.

2. Input in this step the initial data, or input data, are prepared in some convenient form for processing. Input Device is any hardware are component that allow you to enter data, program, commands, and user responses into the computer. Examples: Keyboard Pointing Devices Scanner Digital Cameras

3. Processing In this step the input data are change, and usually combined with other information, to produce data in a more useful form. Examples: Calculating wages from hours worked Sorting names alphabetically Processing Software: word processors spread sheets database payroll system

4. Storage Storage crucial in many data processing procedures. Data processing results are frequently placed in storage to be used as input data for further processing at a later date. Storage devices hold data, instructions, and information for future use. Examples: Floppy Disks Hard Disk CD-ROMs Flash Drive

5. Output Here the results of the preceding processing steps are collected. - Output is data that has been processed into a useful form called information. Output Devices: Monitor Printer Projector

What is Software? - refers to the computer programs and code that operate in a computer. There are various types of computer software, each of which performs different task. - Computer software is the key to productive use of computers. With the correct software, a computer can be come a valuable tool. Software can be categorized into two types System software and application software.
- The most important type of computer software is the Operating System.

Operating Software consists of programs that control the operations of the computer and its devices. Examples: MS-DOS Microsoft Windows 98 Windows NT Mac OS UNIX

Application Software consists of programs designed to perform specific task for users. Categories of Application Software Word processing Microsoft Word Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel Presentation graphics Microsoft PowerPoint Database Software Microsoft Access Electronic Mail Microsoft Outlook

Word Processing - has a capability to make changes easily in documents, such as corrections of spelling, changing margins, and adding, deleting or relocating entire paragraphs.

Electronic Spreadsheet - allows users to add, subtract and perform pre-defined or user defined calculation on rows and columns of numbers.

Presentation Software - allows the users to create documents in the form of slides. Presentation software includes many arts and effects that enhance information presented on a slide. Database Software - allows users to enter, retrieve and update data in an organized manner. Internet Software - allows the users to access information online. It is commonly used to send and receive electronic messages or e-mail.

Input Devices

Storage Devices

Output Devices

Seatwork
1. 2. 3.

Why is that Operating System is the most important type of software. Give 3 examples of Operating System. Differentiate your answer from no. 2. And why did you choose that Operating System.