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CCNA 4 Chapter 12

WAN Technologies
By PRAVEENKUMAR P.J

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Objectives
WAN technologies overview WAN technologies WAN design

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WAN Technology

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WAN Service Providers

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Physical Layer

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WAN Line Types and Bandwidth

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WAN Devices

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CSU/DSU

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Modem Transmission

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WAN Standards

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WAN Encapsulation

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WAN Data-Link Protocols

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Circuit Switching

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Packet Switching

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WAN Link Options

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WAN Technologies

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Analog Dialup

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ISDN

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ISDN

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Leased Line

Leased lines are not only used to provide direct point-topoint connections between enterprise LANs, they can also be used to connect individual branches to a packetswitched network.
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X.25

X.25 provides a low-bit-rate, shared-variable capacity that may be either switched or permanent.
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Frame Relay

Most Frame Relay connections are based on PVCs rather than SVCs. It implements no error or flow control. Frame Relay provides permanent shared medium bandwidth connectivity that carries both voice and data traffic.
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ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) is a technology capable of transferring voice, video, and data through private and public networks. It is built on a cell-based architecture rather than on a frame-based architecture.
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DSL

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Cable Modem

Enhanced cable modems enable two-way, high-speed data transmissions using the same coaxial lines that transmit cable television.
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Cable Data Network Architecture

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WAN Design

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Modern WAN

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Steps in WAN Design

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WAN Traffic Types

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WAN Technologies

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Star Topology

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Full-Mesh Topology

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Partial-Mesh Topology

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Three-Layer Design Model


The links connecting the various sites in an area that provide access to the enterprise network are called the access links or access layer of the WAN. Traffic between areas is distributed by the distribution links, and is moved onto the core links for transfer to other regions, when necessary.
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Internet for WAN Connectivity

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One-Layer Hierarchy

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