The Floor Plan: © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc

Chapter 18 The Floor Plan
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Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only
Chapter 18 Overview
Introduction Required Information Metric System of Dimensioning Drawing a Floor Plan ProcedureManual Drafting ProcedureCADD
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Learning Objectives
List the information required on a typical floor plan. Represent typical materials using standard architectural hatch patterns (symbols). Design and draw a residential floor plan using accepted techniques.
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(continued)
Learning Objectives
Dimension a floor plan in a clear and precise manner. Identify well-drawn floor plans. Identify poorly drawn floor plans. Draw a floor plan using CADD.
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The Floor Plan

The floor plan is the heart of a set of construction drawings.
All tradeworkers refer to the floor plan. Usually the first drawing completed. The basis for many other plans. Actually a section drawing.
Keep the floor plan clean and uncluttered.

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Presentation Drawing
(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

Study this pictorial of a three bedroom house. Then, examine its floor plan in the next slide. 6
Presentation Floor Plan

Many common features found on a floor plan are identified in this drawing.
(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

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Required Information
Information that should be included on the floor plan includes:
Exterior and interior walls. Size and location of windows and doors. Built-in cabinets and appliances. Permanent fixtures. Stairs. Fireplaces.
(continued)
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Required Information
Walks, patios, and decks. Room names. Material symbols. Location and size dimensions. Drawing scale. Related structures are frequently included.
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Location and Size of Walls

Walls should be drawn actual thickness.
Variations in wall thickness will detract from the drawing. Manual drafters use dividers to draw a wall at proper thickness; CADD drafters use OFFSET, DOUBLE LINE, or similar command.
Use proper hatch patterns.

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Wall Material Symbols
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Windows and Doors

Use a centerline to locate the opening for windows and doors in frame walls. Dimension to the side of the opening in a masonry wall. Openings for windows are sash width. Openings for doors are actual width. Sills are drawn for windows and exterior doors. Door swing should be indicated.
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Window and Door Location
Windows and doors should be located in a frame wall using a centerline. Door swing is also shown.
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Plain Opening or Archway
Hidden (dashed) lines are used to show that an opening does not extend to the ceiling.
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Cabinets, Appliances, and Permanent Fixtures

Kitchen cabinets, bath vanities, fixtures, and appliances must be shown on the floor plan. Standard symbols at proper scale are used for these features. Check your local code for clearances for appliances and fixtures.
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Stairs and Fireplaces

Only information about the basic size and location of stairs and fireplaces needs to be recorded on the floor plan. For stairs, show direction of flight, number of risers, and width of stairs. For a fireplace, show basic depth and width, opening design, and location.
Use either simplified or detailed symbol.
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Stairs on Floor Plan
Information about a set of stairs that is usually included on the floor plan.
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Fireplace Symbols
A fireplace may be represented using a simplified or detailed symbol. The detailed symbol is usually preferred.
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Walks, Patios, and Decks

Several outside features are usually included on the floor plan. Walks, patios, and decks are examples. Indicate size and materials on the plan. Consider these elements as part of the total plan.
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Room Names
Room names help communicate the plan to others. Room names should be 3/16" high. Room names should be in the center of the room. Approximate room size should appear below the name.
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Material Symbols
Material symbols or material hatch patterns are used to denote each material. Use a material symbol whenever the material should be identified. If the symbol is not a standard one, identify it.
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Material Symbols
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Material Symbols
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Dimensioning
Dimensions on a floor plan show size and location of the features. Proper placement of dimensions requires good judgment. Locate dimensions where one would logically look for them. In architectural drafting, dimension lines are continuous lines with the dimension figure placed above the line.
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Dimensioning
Dimension figures are always parallel to the dimension line. Be consistent with the type of termination symbol used for dimension lines. Move dimension lines out from drawing. Space dimension lines 1/4" or 3/8" apart. Make leaders no longer than 2".
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Dimensioning
Dimensions are recorded in feet and inches. Feet and inch marks may be omitted. Dimensions less than 1' are usually indicated as 1/2", 2", 6", etc. Dimension interior frame walls to the center of the wall. Dimension exterior frame walls to the outside of the stud wall.
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Dimensioning
Recommended method of dimensioning frame wall construction.

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Dimensioning
Solid masonry walls (cast concrete, block, brick, or stone) are usually dimensioned as shown.
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Dimensioning
Brick veneer walls are dimensioned to the outside of the stud wall. Solid masonry walls are dimensioned to the outside of the wall. Overall dimensions are needed to provide the total length and width of the structure or major parts of the structure.
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Dimensioning
Add up partial dimensions to be sure they equal the overall dimensions. Notes are often necessary to present information that cannot be represented by dimensions or symbols. Notes should be read from the bottom of the sheet.
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Scale and Sheet Identification

Residential floor plans are usually drawn at 1/4" = 1'-0". C-size paper is generally large enough. Number the sheets in the package.
Sheet 1 of 6, 2 of 6, etc., works well. Sheet numbers should be placed in the lower right-hand corner.
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Metric System of Dimensioning

In the US, the customary inch system is standard in the construction industry. The metric system of measurement is standard in most countries outside of the US. In a metric construction drawing the whole numbers indicate meters.
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Metric System of Dimensioning
Floor plan with metric dimensions.

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Drawing a Floor Plan

Develop a preliminary sketch.
These rough sketches will provide direction for drawing the plan to scale.
Determine the basic requirements of the structure. Consider expansion plans. Look over examples.
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Split-Level House Floor Plan
(Donald F. Sowa, A.R.A.)

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Two-Story House Floor Plan
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Two-Story House Floor Plan
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Expansion Floor Plan
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ProcedureManual Drafting
1. Lay out the exterior walls.
Use construction lines for layout. Use proper wall thicknesses.
2. Locate the interior walls.

Use construction lines for layout. Use center of the wall for locating interior walls. Use dividers to transfer wall thickness.
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Drawing steps 1 and 2.

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3. Locate the windows and doors.
Locate centerline first in frame walls. Indicate door swing and window type.
4. Draw the stairs.

Measure width of stairs and lay out treads.
5. Locate and draw the fireplace.

Identify type and size of fireplace.
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Drawing steps 3, 4, and 5.

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6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and decks. 7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances, and bathroom fixtures.
Base cabinets are 24" deep (solid lines); wall cabinets 12" deep (dashed lines). Check code for fixture clearances.
8. Add dimensions, notes, and room names.

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9. Add material and identification symbols.
Add necessary symbols and darken remaining light lines.
10. Draw the title block and add the scale.

Include the sheet number.
11. Check the entire drawing for accuracy and completeness.

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Drawing CADD Floor Plans

Using CADD speeds up the process of drawing and designing a floor plan. Automatic wall generation, repetitive use of symbols, dimensioning features, and elimination of hand lettering reduce drafting time. You still need to know the basics of design!
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CADD-Drawn Floor Plan
(SoftPlan Systems, Inc.)

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CADD Packages
Generic CADD packages can be used to draw floor plans. Software designed for architectural work is much preferred for these reasons:
Includes an architectural symbols library. Includes architectural dimensioning styles. May include architectural font for lettering.
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Drawing ProcedureCADD
1. Prepare a space diagram.
Draw to scale with each room identified.
2. Draw the exterior and interior walls.

Use the DOUBLE LINE, OFFSET, or similar command to draw the walls. Convert the space diagram into a floor plan. Check accuracy of wall thickness and lengths.
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Step 1: Computer-generated space diagram.

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Step 2: DOUBLE LINE method.

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Step 2: Space diagram method.

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Step 2: Wall area cleanup.

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Step 2: A floor plan generated from a space diagram. All wall intersection cleanup was automatic.
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3. Locate the windows and doors.
Dimension to the center of the unit in a frame wall structure. Plan the location of these elements to compliment the overall design. Use location dimensions that are at least multiples of 1". Include window sills, if desired. Use thinner lines on a separate layer.
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Drawing step 3.
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4. Draw the stairs on a layer by itself.
Show stair treads, handrails, and direction.
5. Locate and draw the fireplace.

Use appropriate hatch patterns.
6. Locate and draw walks, patios, and porches on a separate layer. 7. Draw the kitchen cabinets, appliances, and bathroom fixtures.
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Drawing steps 4, 5, 6, and 7.

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8. Add dimensions to the plan.
All construction features should be dimensioned unless they are obvious. Position extension lines properly. Every exterior wall segment should have partial and overall length dimensions. Be sure dimensions are accurate, add up properly, and are on their own layer.
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Drawing step 8.
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9. Add room names, notes, material hatch patterns, scale, and title.
Use the TEXT command. Assign an appropriate layer. Add material symbols. Construct a title block.
10. Check over the entire drawing.

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Drawing steps 9 and 10.

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Chapter 18 The Floor Plan

The Floor Plan

Keep the floor plan clean and uncluttered.

(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

Presentation Floor Plan

(Sater Design Collection, Inc.)

Location and Size of Walls

Use proper hatch patterns.

Wall Material Symbols

Windows and Doors

Window and Door Location

Plain Opening or Archway

Cabinets, Appliances, and Permanent Fixtures

Stairs and Fireplaces

Stairs on Floor Plan

Walks, Patios, and Decks

Recommended method of dimensioning frame wall construction.

Scale and Sheet Identification

Metric System of Dimensioning

Metric System of Dimensioning

Floor plan with metric dimensions.

Drawing a Floor Plan

Split-Level House Floor Plan

(Donald F. Sowa, A.R.A.)

Two-Story House Floor Plan

Two-Story House Floor Plan

Expansion Floor Plan

2. Locate the interior walls.

Drawing steps 1 and 2.

4. Draw the stairs.

5. Locate and draw the fireplace.

Drawing steps 3, 4, and 5.

8. Add dimensions, notes, and room names.

Drawing steps 6, 7, and 8.

10. Draw the title block and add the scale.

11. Check the entire drawing for accuracy and completeness.

Drawing steps 9, 10, and 11.

Drawing CADD Floor Plans

CADD-Drawn Floor Plan

(SoftPlan Systems, Inc.)

2. Draw the exterior and interior walls.

Step 1: Computer-generated space diagram.

Step 2: DOUBLE LINE method.

Step 2: Space diagram method.

Step 2: Wall area cleanup.

5. Locate and draw the fireplace.

Drawing steps 4, 5, 6, and 7.

10. Check over the entire drawing.

Drawing steps 9 and 10.

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