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    Nick Lee
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    This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It discusses how psychology emerged from prescientific roots exploring the connection between mind and body. The first psychology laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879, marking the beginning of modern psychology as an empirical science. Early perspectives included structuralism, which used introspection, and functionalism, which focused on behavioral adaptation. Foundational figures like Wundt, James, Pavlov, Freud, and Piaget advanced the field. Modern psychology addresses nature vs nurture debates and applies perspectives across subfields like cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, as well as clinical and industrial/organizational applications.

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    Prologue

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    This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It discusses how psychology emerged from prescientific roots exploring the connection between mind and body. The first psychology laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879, marking the beginning of modern psychology as an empirical science. Early perspectives included structuralism, which used introspection, and functionalism, which focused on behavioral adaptation. Foundational figures like Wundt, James, Pavlov, Freud, and Piaget advanced the field. Modern psychology addresses nature vs nurture debates and applies perspectives across subfields like cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, as well as clinical and industrial/organizational applications.

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    37 views18 pages

    Myers' Psychology Prologue Summary

    Uploaded by

    Nick Lee
    This document provides an overview of the history and development of psychology. It discusses how psychology emerged from prescientific roots exploring the connection between mind and body. The first psychology laboratory was opened by Wilhelm Wundt in 1879, marking the beginning of modern psychology as an empirical science. Early perspectives included structuralism, which used introspection, and functionalism, which focused on behavioral adaptation. Foundational figures like Wundt, James, Pavlov, Freud, and Piaget advanced the field. Modern psychology addresses nature vs nurture debates and applies perspectives across subfields like cognitive, developmental, and social psychology, as well as clinical and industrial/organizational applications.

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    of 18

    Myers PSYCHOLOGY

    (7th Ed)

    Prologue: The Story of Psychology


    James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots


    Prescientific Psychology
    Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots

    Psychological Science Is Born


    Empiricism
    Knowledge comes from experience via the senses Science flourishes through observation and experiment

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots


    Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879)

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots


    Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots


    Functionalism focused on how behavioral processes function- how they enable organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots


    Psychological Science Develops
    Wundt--German philosopher and physiologist James--American philosopher Pavlov--Russian physiologist Freud--Austrian physician Piaget--Swiss biologist

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots

    Figure 1- British Psychological Society membership

    Prologue: Psychologys Roots

    Definition of Psychology
    The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    Psychologys Big Issues


    Nature-nurture controversy
    the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology


    Natural selection
    principle that those inherited trait variations contributing to survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    Psychologys Perspectives

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology


    Psychologys Perspectives
    A lot depends on your viewpoint

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    Psychologys Subfields
    Basic Research
    Biological psychologists explore the links between brain and mind Developmental psychologists study changing abilities from womb to tomb Cognitive psychologists study how we perceive, think, and solve problems

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    Psychologys Subfields
    Basic Research
    Personality psychologists investigate our persistent traits Social psychologists explore how we view and affect one another

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology

    Psychologys Subfields
    Applied Research
    Industrial/organizational psychologists study and advise on behavior in the workplace Clinical psychologists study, assess, and treat people with psychological disorders

    Prologue: Contemporary Psychology


    Psychiatry
    A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders Practiced by physicians who sometimes use medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychotherapy

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