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Contents
1. Introduction 2. Measurement Principle of Sonic Velocity Log 3. Sonic Response to Typical Formation 4. Sonic Porosity 5. Shale Effects 6. An Introduction to MAC
CNLC
(1) sonic velocity log ; (2) Full Waveform Sonic log ; (3) Vertical Seismic Profile (VSP) log ; (4) sonic amplitude log ; (5) down hole noise log ; (6) sonic image logs .
Determine porosity and lithology (with or without other logs); Determine formation mechanical properties which in turn can be used to estimate hydraulic fracturing pressures and to evaluate sanding problem; Measure attenuation of sonic energy to evaluate fracturing and permeability; Combine sonic and density logs to produce synthetic seismic traces; Combine sonic and check shot surveys to calibrate surface seismic data with borehole log data.
An elastic wave travels through a medium (solid, liquid, or gas) as slight disturbances to the particles in that medium. The wave energy will move the particles parallel to (compressional) and/or perpendicular to (shear) the wave propagation direction.
P-Wave
S-Wave
Stoneley Wave
Stoneley wave is a guided tube wave with velocity and amplitude determined by: Borehole fluid elastic properties Formation elastic properties Formation permeability.
tu +
tl) / (2*L)
Environmental Effects
The depth of investigation of a sonic tool is less than 30 in., so it is subject to borehole effects. These include: gas in the borehole fluid, large diameter boreholes, very slow formations, and the invaded (altered) zone.
Sonic Porosity
tma is the pure matrix slowness ; tf is the pore fluid slowness ; Cp is a correction,Cp=1 in hard rocks ,but in unconsolidated formation better results are found by using Cp =( tshale /100).
Where
Shale Effects
Sonic logs will generally have to be corrected for the presence of shales before estimating porosity from tc. The method is to determine Vsh from some other source (such as the Gamma Ray), and reduce tc by some amount which depends on Vsh and tsh. The normal method for this is: ( tc)shale corr = tc Vsh* tsh
The
conventional sonic velocity log only determinates the first arrival compressional wave. The following wave (such as shear wave, Stoneley wave ) are now be recorded, its amplitude or wave form has been used for rock mechanics analyzing.
Compressional
Shear Stoneley
us
Slowness (us/ft)
Un puits for , ncessite d tre tub et ciment avant sa mise en production .On a alors besoin de juger de la qualit de cimentation , de l tanchit ainsi ralise ainsi que de l tat du tubage et du ( ou des ) tubing en place Dans ce but une panoplie de mthodes se basant sur l tude de la propagation des ondes , permet d aller jusqu l obtention d images de la paroi du trou de sondage , de la colonne de ciment , de la face interne du tubage , ou du tubing ou des deux , de dtecter les endroits corrods , percs ou autres
DIAGRAPHIES SONIQUES
ANALYSE STRATIGRAPHIQUE