GROUP # 1

Mishal Rubab Kanwal Ashraf Muhammad Mumtaz Qurat ul Ain Talha Ali Ansari

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MISHAL RUBAB

208

TOPIC
Computer Hardware

COMPUTER
An automatic electronic device that gets input processes it and produces output.
Collects data (input)

Processing

Give Output

COMPUTER HARDWARE

Computer hardware means the physical (internal and external) component of a computer and the digital circuits and computer chips inside the computer.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS

Input Unit Output Unit Memory Secondary Storage Unit Control Unit ALU

HARDWARE COMPONENTS (CONTD)

Input Unit Units from which data enter the computer. Output Unit Units which give user the Information. Memory Unit which store data for the use of computer.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS (CONTD)

Secondary Storage Unit Other storage units used in the computer for permanent storage.

ALU Unit which performs calculation and comparisons.

Control Unit Which control all the activities of computer.

COMPUTER HARDWARE MANUFACTURES

KANWAL ASHRAF

207

COMPUTER HARDWARE
Motherboard
Motherboard is known as the main board, system board ,the logic board of the computer.

COMPUTER HARDWARE MOTHERBOARD

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER HARDWARE

Central Processing Unit also called The Chip, a CPU, a processor, or a microprocessor. An electronic circuit which executes computer programs, containing a processing unit and a control unit

PROCESSORS

MEMORY (RAM)

RAM or Random Access Memory

Waiting room for computers CPU. Holds instructions for processing data, processed data, and raw data. Ram is measured by:
Capacity (in Megabytes or Gigabytes) y Speed (in Nanoseconds)
y

MEMORY (RAM)
Amount of RAM installed will determine. yWhich software applications will run (efficiently)? yHow many software applications can be open simultaneously (multitasking ability)? RAM upgrades are cost-effective and easy to install.

MUHAMMAD MUMTAZ

215

INPUT DEVICES

Input is data put into a computer. Input can be supplied from a variety of sources: y A person y A storage device on computer y Another computer y Another piece of equipment, such as a musical instruments.

INPUT DEVICES

Primary input device: y Keyboard - Most common input device; used to type in commands and data. y Mouse or trackball enhances users ability to input commands, manipulate text, images. y Joystick useful in education as an adaptive or assistive input device.

INPUT DEVICES

Scanners are peripheral input devices which allow users to import:

Text y Graphics y Images
y

INPUT DEVICES

Digital Cameras are peripheral input devices that allow users to create pictures and/or movies in a digital format.
.

INPUT DEVICES

OUTPUT DEVICES
Monitors are the most commonly used output device. Most monitors use a bitmap display. y Allows user to resize the display. y Divides the screen into a matrix of tiny square dots called pixels. y The more dots a screen can display, the higher the resolution of the monitor.

OUTPUT DEVICES
Monitors are connected to a computer system via a port integrated on the video adapter or graphics card. Graphics cards convert digital data output from software to analog data for display on monitors. Typically have additional memory chips on card, 4MB to 64MB.

OUTPUT DEVICES
Printers Dot matrix y Seldom used in a classroom. y Still frequently used in business. Bubble or ink jet Laser

OUTPUT DEVICES

Speakers is also an output device it is used to take the take from the computer.

OUTPUT DEVICES

QURAT UL AIN

221

STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Electronic devices that store, retrieve, and save instructions and data. Todays microcomputers or PCs include several types of storage devices. Capacity and speed are important considerations when selecting a new storage device for a PC.

STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
Magnetic storage devices store data by magnetizing particles on a disk or tape. They have a limited life-span of 1 to 5 years, depending on the device. Optical storage devices store data as light and dark spots on the disk surface. They have an unlimited life-span.

STORAGE DEVICES
Hard Disk Drives Capacity is measured in gigabytes (GB or billions of bytes). Typically permanently installed. Used to store operating system, application software, utilities and data. Magnetic storage device.

STORAGE DEVICES
Floppy Disk Drives

Capacity is 1.44 to 2.0 megabytes (MB or millions of bytes).

Storage device with the smallest capacity y Most portable storage media
y

Magnetic storage device.

STORAGE DEVICES
CD-ROM Drives Typically installed on all new computer systems. (Were add-on device until the mid 1990s). Capacity is 600 to 750 megabytes Most mass-produced commercial software is packaged on a CD.

STORAGE DEVICES
CD-ROM Drives Used more often now for backup storage as CDRW (read/write) technology has become less expensive. Data is read from CD by a laser. Optical storage device.

STORAGE DEVICES
Other Types of Drives Zip Drives Several different capacities are available. Tape Drives Generally used for system backups, becoming less common. DVD drives Can also read CDs, now more common as a standard device on new computer systems.

STORAGE DEVICES

TALHA ALI ANSARI

218

RESEARCH WORK
Examination Branch of Islamia University of Bahawalpur Interview From Mr. Talib Hussain (Assistant Controller Examination) Mr. Muzamil (Master in computer Science) and Mr. Nauman Mazhar (Bachelor of Computer Science) on the topic Computer Hardware.

FINDINGS

Examination Branch is using Network base System. For that they are using switches to connect the computers. They are using Computer Systems having the following specifications

Core 2 Duo Processors. y Motherboard are Intel. y Hard Drive of about 320 GB .
y

FINDINGS (CONDT)

RAM they are using is 2GB. DDR and DDR2 RAM is in use. IBM Keyboards and Mouse are in use. CRT and LCD monitors are in use.

FINDINGS (CONDT)
It is a office place so no speakers are used in Examination Branch. Heavy Duty printers are in used.
y

As their work is very much for the printing of Result Cards they are using Copier (Ricoh MP2000, Canon iR2520, HP Laser Jet M1120) as a Network printer.

Fast speed Batch Scanner (Canon 4010RC) is used in the office. Using UPS for the back up of saving data in case of power failure

RECOMMENDATION

Campus Management Solution (CMS) is needed to be adopted by Islamia University of Bahawalpur as directed by HEC. Manual work need to be changed into Computer automation. We have visited the different departments of examination Branch and found that they working more manually than computer orientated.

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that computer play an important role in every aspect of life and business. Computer hard wear is need to be up-to-date for better performance. If you have a updated system it will work efficiently, effectively and also save time .

Controller Examination Ashraf Javed Rana Contact: 9250241 | 9250243 |

Email: controller@iub.edu.pk | dy.exam1@iub.edu.pk | ac.exam1@iub.edu.pk |

ANY QUESTIONS
WE WILL ANSWER