Introduction What is Biometrics? Classification of Biometric Traits Palm vein technology Basis of Palm vein technology PVT characteristics Features of PV T Registration through PVT Working of Palm vein security systems How secure is the technology? Advantages Applications Sociological Concerns Conclusion

 In the modern network society, where individuals can easily access their information any time and anywhere, people are also faced with the risk that others can access their information.

Because of this risk, personal identification technology is used which includes Passwords, Personal identification numbers and identification cards.

 However passwords can be stolen or guessed and numbers can be forgotten. So we required some different methods for easy and safe access to the information. Fujitsu launched some biometric technologies for this purpose.

 Biometrics is the study of automated methods for uniquely recognizing people based on physical and/or behavioral traits.

 Physiological - related to
the shape of the body
     Fingerprints Hand Hand veins Iris Face

Behavioral - related to
behavior of person  Signature  Keystroke  Voice

 Palm vein technology is the biometric method used for easy and safe access of the information.  This method uses your palm vein pattern to be used to recognize the authenticated user.  Using this technology you do not need to carry any id card or to remember any passwords.

 An individual first rests his wrist on some device on the sensor's supports such that the palm is held centimeters above the Scanner. It flashes a near-infrared ray on the palm. Unlike the skin, through which near-infrared light passes, deoxygenated hemoglobin in the blood flowing through the veins absorbs near-infrared rays, illuminating the hemoglobin, causing it to be visible to the scanner.

 Arteries and capillaries, whose blood contains oxygenated hemoglobin, which does not absorb nearinfrared light, are invisible to the sensor. The still image captured by the camera, which photographs in the nearinfrared range, appears as a black network, reflecting the palm's vein pattern against the lighter background of the palm.

 An individual's palm vein image is converted by algorithms into data points, which is then compressed, encrypted, and stored by the software and registered along with the other details in his profile as a reference for future comparison. Then, each time a person logs in attempting to gain access by a palm scan to a particular bank account or secured entryway, etc., the newly captured image is likewise processed and compared to the registered one in a period of seconds. Numbers and positions of veins and their crossing points are all compared and depending on verification, the person is either granted or denied access.

1. Sensing
  User s characteristic must be presented to a sensor Output is a function of:
The way it is presented Technical characteristics of sensor

2. Signal Processing  Feature extraction  Extract the desired biometric pattern

remove noise and signal losses determine if feature is of good quality

3. Pattern matching
 Sample compared to original signal in database.  Closely matched patterns have small distances between them.  Perfect match is to be obtained.

4. Decisions
  Decide if the match is close enough q false non-matches leads to ofalse matches

It was launched by FUJITSU, in 2006. Fujitsu has developed a palm vein pattern authentication technology that uses vascular patterns as personal identification data . Vein recognition technology is secure because the authentication data exists inside the body and is therefore very difficult to copy. It is highly accurate.

Step 1: Palm vein authentication technology consists of a small palm vein scanner. Hold your palm a few centimeters over the scanner.

Step 2:

The registered palm pattern is stored into the database along with the personal details of the client.

1. One should place his/her palm few centimeters above the scanner.

2. The scanner makes use of a special characteristic of the reduced hemoglobin flowing through the palm veins it absorbs nearinfrared light. This makes it possible to take a snapshot of what's beneath the outer skin, something very hard to read or steal.

3. The optical system in the palm vein sensor uses this phenomenon to generate an image of the palm vein pattern and the generated image is digitized, encrypted and finally stored as a registered information in the database.

 On the basis of testing the technology on more than 70,000 individuals , Fujitsu declared that the new system had a false rejection rate of 0.01% (i.e., only one out of 10,000 scans were incorrect denials for access) and a false acceptance rate of less than 0.00008% (i.e., incorrect approval for access in one in over a million scans). Also, if your profile is registered with your right hand, don't log in with your left - the patterns of an individual's two hands differ.

 And if you registered your profile as a child , it'll still be recognized as you grow, as an individual's patterns of veins are established in before birth. No two people in the world share a palm vein pattern - even those of identical twins differ .

In addition to the palm, vein authentication can be done using the vascular pattern on the back of a hand or a finger. However, the palm vein pattern is the most complex and covers the widest area, it is easier to photograph its vascular pattern . The palm also has no significant variations in skin color compared with fingers or back of the hand, where the color can darken in certain areas.

 Secured safes  Door entry  Bank security

ATMs User log in

      

Library circulation Attendance Food service Student logon Staff tracking Bus loading Student tracking

Physical : Some think the technology can cause physical harm because instruments are unsanitary. Personal info : Information taken by biometric methods can be abused, meaning that data taken can be used in unauthorized ways without the person s consent.

 This technology has high rate of accuracy.  It provides easy access without any risk of forgetting the passwords or losing the identity cards.  It avoids the risk of unhygienic touch of devices.  Being so secure and easy it has disadvantage of misusing registered information of the person.