ICHH-2012

Rizvi College of Architecture

International Conference On Human Habitat

Topic-Affordable Housing In Megacities

Author Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect Ar.Suvarna Lele Ar,Sarita Deshpande

ICHH-2012

Rizvi College of Architecture

International Conference On Human Habitat

Topic-Affordable Housing In Megacities

Author Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect

Ar.Suvarna Lele Ar,Sarita Deshpande

Housing Scenario and Urbanization : India

1. India is undergoing transition from rural to urban society. 2. Increasing migration from rural to urban areas. 3. Mismatch between demand and supply of sites and services. 4. Disparity between high land costs of construction and lower incomes leading to non sustainable situation. 5.Lack of equitable supply of land, shelter and services at affordable prices. 6. Depletion of resources in construction and negligence of ecology in design. 7. Lack of application of cost effectiveness and energy efficiency in construction.

Housing Scenario and Urbanization : India

1.28% urban population growth (Census 2001). 2.40% by 2020 (Vision 2020 Planning Commission). 3. 50% by 2041 (draft Urban India Report). 4.Growing urbanisation has led to : a) pressure on the availability of land and infrastructure b) deterioration of housing conditions of the weaker sections of society c) increased number of slums and squatter settlements.

Necessity of Providing Affordable housing 1.Urban population likely to grow from 285.3 million in 2001 to 360 million in 2010 2.Nearly 36% of Indias population likely to be urbanised by 2005. 3.Employment in services and real estates show Rise in population in last ten years is a sharp rise. 790.2 millions
S0urce-Registrar General Of India

y Housing Requirement
y Housing shortage at the beginning of 11th Five Year Plan(1.4.2007)24.71

million dwelling units million dwelling units

y Additional Housing Requirement for the 11th Plan (2007-2012)1.82 y Total housing requirement during 11th Plan Period including the carried

over housing shortage 26.53 million dwelling units.

y y y y y y y

Estimated Urban Housing Unit Shortage as on 1.4.2007: More than 99% shortage is for EWS/ LIGsegments ) Total : 24.71 m EWS : 21.78 m LIG : 2.89 m MIG/HIG : 0.04 m

( Source-Technical Committee set up by Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation

Housing shortfall of 11.84 million units by 2013 14 in 37 most populated cities Approximately 90% of shortfall in EWS, LIG & Lower MIG category Significant share of 21% of shortfall concentrated at Lower MIG segment Concentration of demand varying in different cities primarily depending upon economic drivers of the city

Demand side indicators

Source- 4.Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank

Concentration of housing Requirements Across income segments

Population spread over top 10 cities

Source-.Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank

Housing Scenario In Larger CitiesWhy Affordable Housing-from a developers perspective. 1.Large housing segment largely ignored. 2.Property prices unaffordable for middle income group. 3.Economic slowdown has rendered buyers cautious. 4.Consequently, developers forced to shift focus from the luxury segment to the middle income housing segment. 5.Value for money has now gained prominence.

Duties Of Various Sections Towards Affordable Housing

Developers
1.Use of technology to reduce Cost of construction. 2.Use of Incremental Housing Techniques for non metros. 3.Creating awareness among the EWS and LIG to improve standard of living. 4.Create a win-win situation by economies of scale rather than inflated price points.

Government
1.Creation of a committee which fast track reforms in affordable housing. 2.Ensuring Infrastructure and Housing go hand in hand to faster growth. 3.Speeding up the approval process. 4.Provide incentives to LIG and EWS to relocate. 5.The population in our metros keep on increasing manifolds every year while planning is based on historical assumpions. The need is to have flexible Structural and Design plan.

Financial Institutions
1.Accord Affordable Housing Projects same status as that of other PPP projects. 2.Ensuring Developers are protected from volatile shift in interest rate. 3.Encourage affordable Housing in tier I and II cities.

Achieving Affordability Through Matrix of 1) Appropriate Technology-

1.Use of renewable resources for building Materials 2.Use of raw materials resources based on waste products 3.Efficient use of existing conventional materials by producing factory made (precast)building components 4.ndustrialization of housing sector 5.Affordability and sustainability.

2)Public private Partnership-

1.Timely delivery by developers. 2.Ease of working by the government. 3.Transparency by both the parties.

3.Project Management

Source- Conference Innovations in Affordable Housing India 2010

Source.Mr.Uday Dharmadhikari-Usha Breco Realty ltd.

ICHH-2012

Rizvi College of Architecture

Alternate And Low Cost Building Technologies

Author Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect

Ar.Suvarna Lele Ar,Sarita Deshpande

Conventional Building Materials Finite Resource Base Demand of Materials

CONVENTIONAL BUILDING MATERIALS

Brick, cement, steel, stone, timber,glass, plastics, ceramics and other metals
DIRECT CONSEQUENCE

cost escalation leading to increased cost of shelter

IN-DIRECT CONSEQUENCE

Rapid & irrationally managed utilization of finite natural Resources

1.Environmental degradation; 2.Enhanced use of fertile top-soil, Deforestation, 3.Lime-quarrying, Surface working in stone belts 4.Factory made products like cement, steel etc. calls for high energy input 5.Enhanced cost on account of transportation

POSSIBLE MANIFESTATIONS

Construction Cost Savings

Innovative construction means and methods. Improved construction schedules. More efficient structural designs. Simplified specifications and submittal process. Optimized mix designs.

Construction Systems in India

1.Vernacular systems 1.Based on local materials & skills Refined over centuries 2.Calls for fair degree of maintenance & varying degree of durability 2.Conventional systems 1.Based on mass produced items having predetermined Properties 2.Modern civil engineering practice 3. Lesser maintenance & long durability 3.Industrialized systems 1. Based on factory produced components (partial/total) 2. Less labour intensive 3. High performance specifications 4 Alternative systems 1. Middle of the road approach 2. Acknowledges local materials and skills 3. Rationalises use to suit specific needs 4. Adopts rational engineering practices 5. Cost effective and eco-friendly

Innovative Concrete Technologies

High-Performance Concrete

High-Strength Concrete

Self- Consolidating Concrete

Improved Quality Systems

Testing Labs

Product Development

Material Handling

Low Cost Housing Materials And Technologies At Dindigul,Tamilnadu

Funded by-CAPART Developed by Dr.Mahendran.

Precast Window Frames,Stone Platforms

Precast Slabs And Beams

Anangpur Building Center

Arched Foundation Perforated Mud Blocks Funicular shells

Interlocking Blocks

Herringbone Bond

Hyperbolic Parabloid

Reinforced Concrete Blocks

Environmental Friendly
As it SAVES, 100% Bricks, 50% Steel & Shuttering 40% Concrete, 25% Utility Bill.

Source-Ganaka Engineers and Architects

Commercialisation Of Technologies by BMTPC

ICHH-2012

Rizvi College of Architecture

International Conference On Human Habitat

C.B.R.I Technnologies

Author Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect

Ar.Suvarna Lele Ar,Sarita Deshpande

ICHH-2012

Rizvi College of Architecture

International Conference On Human Habitat

Appropriate Building Technologies

Author Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect

Ar.Suvarna Lele

Public Private Partnership

Partnership Expectations 1.Timely delivery by developers 2.Ease of working by the government 3.Transparency by both the parties

Public And Private Partnership in Affordable housing The public-private partnership can be formally defined as:
In these partnerships, private developers, non-profit agencies, and in some cases religious agencies receive some funds or support from the municipal, state, or federal government (or all three, in some cases) in order to build or renovate and manage affordable housing. This can be used both for rental housing and as a means of encouraging low-income home ownership. This is also an approach that has been used in a number of other countries. A contractual relationship where a private party takes responsibility for all or part of a governments (departments) functions a contractual arrangement between a public sector agency and a private sector concern, whereby resources and risks are shared for the purposes of delivering a public service or for developing public infrastructure. (Hardcastle & Boothroyd, 2003, p. 31).

The Scheme of Affordable Housing in Partnership as per National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy (NUHHP) 2007

1.The Scheme of Affordable Housing in Partnership aims at operationalising the strategy envisaged in the National Urban Housing & Habitat Policy (NUHHP) 2007, of promoting various types of public-private partnerships of the government sector with the private sector, the cooperative sector, the financial services sector, the state parastatals, urban local bodies, etc. for realizing the goal of affordable housing for all. 2. It intends to provide a major stimulus to economic activities through affordable housing for the creation of employment, especially for the construction workers and other urban poor who are likely to be amongst the most vulnerable groups in recession. It also targets the creation of demand for a large variety of industrial goods through the multiplier effect of housing on other economic activities.

Need for PPP in Housing

1.Synergy 2.Capitalize and maximise on core domain of respective players 3.Scale of Development 4.Humongous need for combined capabilities 5.Investment Gap Funding 6.Cost spread over project lifecycle in PPP model rather than being front loaded in traditional procurement model 7.Improving Quality &Efficiency 8.Returns for private players linked directly to efficiency and quality delivery 9.Risk Mitigation 10Appropriate allocation between stakeholders 11On-Time Delivery 12Faster and time approvals, payments also linked to timely completion

Philosophy For Recommended models

Source-Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank.

Role OF National Housing Bank Towards Affordable Housing

Some Basic Facts Regarding Construction Industry. 1.A basic human necessity supporting economic activities . 2.Second largest employment generator, next to agriculture. 3.Has forward and backward linkages with over 250 ancillary industries. 4.Every Rupee spent on construction, an estimated 75-80 paise is added to GDP. 5.GOI created enabling Fiscal, Monetary and Legal Environment 6.Housing Industry Growth in last 5 years Physical Terms 3.0 % p.a. Financial Terms 30% p.a. 7.Contribution of Housing in GDP is about 6% 8.Percentage of Mortgage Debt to GDP is 8.50% (E) in 2005-06, still way below Chinas (12%), Malaysia (22%), Hong-Kong (40%) and US (65%).

Focus Areas And Strategies

Rural Housing
Customized Products  Supplementing Govt. Schemes  Productive Housing (PHIRA)  Financing SHGs - Partnership Approach  Rural Industrial/Agro enterprise clusters  Using Local Institutional Mechanism for origination and Servicing of Loans  Schemes in convergence with PURA

Urban Renewal
Customized Products  Supplementing Govt. Schemes  Financing SHGs - Partnership Approach  Slum Redevelopment and up gradation  Integrated Township Development Projects  Social Housing  Rental Housing  Housing for Working Women, Sr. Citizen  Active participation of NGOs/MFIs/25A Cos. and Private Sector

Market Development
Risk Mitigation  Mortgage Credit Guarantee/Insurance  Rural Risk Fund RMBS Credit Enhancement  Reverse Mortgage Other Measures  NHB Residex  Electronic filing of Mortgages

NHB Support For Private Sector

35

1.Any private sector housing initiative with a EWS component 2.Integrated township in rural/semi-rural with housing and part commercial, other related infrastructure 3.Equity participation and refinance support to HFCs with focus on rural housing 4.Housing for workers of units in rural/semi-rural areas and of their vendors/ancillary units, including SEZs/ AEZs. 5.Develop and Finance Public Private Partnerships to implement township projects and mass housing. NHB can take equity in the SPV and provide medium/long-term debt.

Some Real Challenges towards Appropriate Housing

1.Land & Infrastructure 2.Financing 3.Taxation:4.Approvals 5.Marketing

Conference-Affordable Housing-2010

A Quote By Pt.Jawaharlal Nenru.

We need to have an integrated framework in which spatial development of cities goes hand in hand with improvement in the quality of living of ordinary people living there. An important element of our strategy has to be slum improvement and providing housing for the poor.. The Mission has to walk on two legs of improved infrastructure and improved basic services..

ICHH-2012

Rizvi College of Architecture

THANK YOU Ar.Suvarna Lele

Resources: 1.Mr Shridhar,www.nhb.org.in 2.Dr Shailesh Agarwal-BMTPC 3.Mr.Uday Dharmadhikari-Usha Breco Realty ltd. 4.Mr Gulam Zia_Knight Frank. 5.Er Ganesh Kamat-Ganaka Engineers Architects 6.Dr Mahinran-Gandhigram Institute

Author Ar.Suvarna Lele.Professor and Practicing Architect

Ar.Suvarna Lele Ar,Sarita Deshpande